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Medications

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PRINCIPLES OF MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION | 1. The knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the body is essential for the safe administration of the injection. | | a)To avoid Injury to the underlying tissues | 1. Numerous blood vessels and nerves to are lying below the skin. Careful selection of the site can avoid injury to these areas. The common sites for the injections are as follows : a) Intradermal injections are given at the Inner aspect of the lower arm, upper aspect of the anterior chest, and upper aspect of the posterior chest. b) Subcutaneous Injections are given on the outer aspect of the upper arm, posterior chest wall Just below the scapula, anterior abdominal wall (from below breasts to the iliac crests), and the anterior and lateral aspect of the thigh. c) Intra muscular injections are given on the deltoid muscles of the shoulder, gluteal muscles of the buttocks, (Inner angle of the upper and outer quadrant) rectus femoris muscles of the anterior aspect of the thigh, and the vastus lateralis muscle on the lateral aspect of the thigh d) To give the Intravenous injections, any visible and palpable veins are used. The most convenient veins are the basilic and median cubitus veins In the antcubital space of the arm 2. The injections are never given in the medial aspect of the limbs for fear of nerve injuries.Choose long needles for obese patients and short needles for emaciated patients, especially when lntra-muscular injections are given | (b) To minimize pain | 1. The nearer to the surface of a needle is placed and the fluid is introduced, the more is the pain. Unless contra indicated, all the medications are given deep into the muscles to aid quick absorption, because muscles are richly supplied with blood supply than the subcutaneous tissue. 2. Pain is caused by the pressure of the fluid introduced into the tissues.

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