...The sun's rays make us feel good, and in the short term, make us look good. But our love affair isn't a two-way street: Exposure to sun causes most of the wrinkles and age spots on our faces. Consider this: One woman at age 40 who has protected her skin from the sun actually has the skin of a 30-year-old! We often link a glowing complexion with good health, but skin color from being in the sun – or in a tanning booth – actually speeds up the effects of aging and increases your risk for developing skin cancer. Sun exposure causes most of the skin changes that we think of as a normal part of aging. Over time, the sun's ultraviolet (UV) light damages the fibers in the skin called elastin. When these fibers break down, the skin begins to sag, stretch, and lose its ability to go back into place after stretching. The skin also bruises and tears more easily taking longer to heal. So while sun damage to the skin may not be noticeable when you're young, it will definitely show later in life. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is the number-one cause of skin cancer, but UV light from tanning beds is just as harmful. Skin cancer is the most widespread form of all cancers in the U.S. and the number of cases continues to rise. It is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal skin cells. This rapid growth results in tumors, which are either benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous). There are three main types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma....
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...Gene mutations that are passed down from parent to child can increase the risk of melanoma. Variation in skin, hair, and eye pigmentation between people of different ancestries is one of the most noticeable human characteristics; it is very well known and understood that human skin color, hair color, and eye color is mostly genetic. The MC1R gene provides instructions for making a protein called the melonocartin 1 receptor. This receptor plays an important role in normal pigmentation such as red hair, freckling, and sun sensitivity. This receptor is primarily located on the surface of our melanocytes, which are the specialized cells that produce the pigment called melanin. Differences in pigmentation between people are largely the result of differences in the amount and types of melanin produced, and packaging of melanin, and not the number of...
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...I. Executive Summary Upendo Disabled Group is registered NGO with years of operational experience. The Group has a vision of increase confidence of people with disabilities for their complete emancipation from inferiority complex and become responsible for their life in order to participate full in building the nation. The main goal is to build a society where disable will have equal opportunities to social economical and physical development to all level. Upendo Disabled Group working with different stakeholders will address some of the factors causing killings of Albinos. The organization will provide Human right education to society to understand the nature of the problem and how to solve it. The Project will help Albinos to be aware of their disability problem, how to overcome and build their skills to take control of their life. Upendo disabled group will prepare a film and distribute in different districts in lake regions. In that film the effect of stigma to Albino will be addressed. Also the community will be educated that Albino they can do many thing like those of normal person. The program will be broadcasted in different TV stations to attract more people. Upendo disabled Group will conduct interventions using different approaches such as community outreach activities, group discussions between parents and Albino and establishment of active groups to reach the target. Upendo disable group has more than 3 years experience working together with disabled groups and...
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...Signs/Symptoms Symptoms of albinism can involve the skin, hair, and eyes. The skin, because it contains little pigment, appears very light, as does the hair. Although people with albinism may experience a variety of eye problems, one of the myths about albinism is that it causes people to have pink or red eyes. In fact, people with albinism can have irises varying from light gray or blue to brown. People with albinism may have one or more of the following eye problems: -They may be very far-sighted or near-sighted, and may have other defects in the curvature of the lens of the eye (astigmatism) that cause images to appear unfocused. They may have a constant, involuntary movement of the eyeball called nystagmus. -They may have problems in coordinating the eyes in fixing and tracking objects (strabismus), which may lead to an appearance of having "crossed eyes" at times. Strabismus may cause some problems with depth perception, especially at close distances. -They may be very sensitive to light (photophobia) because their irises allow "stray" light to enter their eyes. It's a common misconception that people with albinism shouldn't go out on sunny days, but wearing sunglasses can make it possible to go outside quite comfortably. Age/Gender/Race Pre-dispositions Race All races appear to be equally affected by the associated mutations. However, oculocutaneous (albinism type 2) is reportedly more common among Africans and African Americans (1 case per...
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...Abstract: Hyperpigmentation refers to a skin condition in which spots of skin become darker than the natural surrounding skin due to an overproduction of melanin. Hyperpigmentation services and products that garner effective and safe results are becoming essential menu items in salons and spas. Advances in skin care technology have been incorporated in the treatment of hyperpigmentation. Along with this, the use of holistic, natural ingredients in skin care preparations is becoming increasingly prevalent. This paper contends that the utilization of high-tech skin care equipment and holistic ingredients allow for a safe, minimally-invasive, and highly-effective facial hyperpigmentation treatment in salons and spas. This paper will propose a treatment protocol for facial hyperpigmentation. Abstract: Hyperpigmentation refers to a skin condition in which spots of skin become darker than the natural surrounding skin due to an overproduction of melanin. Hyperpigmentation services and products that garner effective and safe results are becoming essential menu items in salons and spas. Advances in skin care technology have been incorporated in the treatment of hyperpigmentation. Along with this, the use of holistic, natural ingredients in skin care preparations is becoming increasingly prevalent. This paper contends that the utilization of high-tech skin care equipment and holistic ingredients allow for a safe, minimally-invasive, and highly-effective facial hyperpigmentation treatment...
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...Advanced Ultrawhite capsule ISHIGAKI ADVANCED ULTRAWHITE - 60 CAPS Authentic Ishigaki Glutathione for Skin Whitening-Clear Beautiful Skin • Whitens & improves skin 3x Faster Than Ivory Caps • Extremely effective oral formula • New Ultrawhite formulation for faster results • Whitens & brightens dark skin, melasma, sun tan • Oral glutathione has been shown in double-blind placebo-controlled study to effectively promote the lightening of skin through the inhibition of skin pigment (melanin) production • Glutathione Skin for Whitening has Been Shown To Be Safe and Effective in Numerous Clinical Studies • Contains 600mg of L-Glutathione per Capsule, 3 Times as Much as Ivory Caps • Contains 200mg of L-Glutathione booster, which increases the efficacy of the glutathione Glutathione competitively inhibits melanin synthesis in the reaction of tyrosinase and L-DOPA by interrupting L-DOPA's ability to bind to tyrosinase during melanin synthesis. These results indicate that...
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... Albinism is defined as congenital disorder that are inherited as a recessive genetic trait (Oetting WS, Fryer JP, Shriram S and King RA, 2003),( Hagen EAH, Houston GC, Hoffmann MB and Morland AB, 2007). They are have either a reduced level of or no pigment in their skin, eyes or hair. This hereditary disease can be found in humans (affecting all races)( Hagen EAH, Houston GC, Hoffmann MB, Jeffery G and Morland AB, 2005),( Blachford SL, 2002). Individuals with albinism will have some form of vision difficulty,which could include nystagmus, refractive error, glare, and tropia.they are classified as being in the category of low vision beacuse of they have visual dysfunction(Wildsoet CF, Oswald PJ, Clark S, 2007)( Neveu MM, Holder GE, Sloper JJ, Jeffery G,2005). A survey by Omar and Fatin who state that albinos had most difficulties when they were looking at distant objects. Case presentation A 21-year-old Malay woman diagnosed as having albinism presented to a Low Vision Clinic for low-vision assessment. she complain from blurring of distant vision, glare and her dissatisfaction with her current autofocus spectacle-mounted telescope, which she reported as being cosmetically unacceptable and heavy (Figure 1) The case history for low vision patients can take from 20 to 40 minutes to complete The information collected should provide a good description of the patient and specific goals. we need to know ocular History, Medical History, Developmental...
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...In the film “Skin Deep,” Nina Jablonski theorized that variation in human skin color is due to the environmental factors of geography and the sun’s ultraviolet radiation, not race. Skin pigmentation is important to human health because it developed as the body’s way of balancing its need for vitamin D and folate. Because human skin color correlates closely with annual levels of UV radiation levels based on geography, the skin needs to have the correct pigmentation in order to endure the UV light from the sun. (Jablonski, “Skin Deep”) 4. Identify the five unnatural elements of human sexuality, which Jared Diamond suggests separate human behavior from the behavior of most mammals. (10 pts) • Most other mammals like individually, not in pairs,...
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...The vitreous body is a sticky gel-like substance that fills most of the inside of the eyeball and gives it shape. The vitreous is clear and must remain clear in order for light to pass through it and reach the retina. A vitrectomy is a surgery to remove a portion of the vitreous fluid. It may need to be performed if: • Anything happens to the vitreous in one or both of your eyes that makes the fluid cloudy. • The vitreous is pulling on the structures it touches and risks tearing them. LET YOUR HEALTH CARE PROVIDER KNOW ABOUT: • Any allergies you have. • All medicines you are taking, including vitamins, herbs, eye drops, creams, and over-the-counter medicines. • Previous problems you or members of your family have had with the use of anesthetics. • Any blood disorders you have. • Previous surgeries you have had. • Any medical conditions you have. Whether you are pregnant or may be pregnant. RISKS AND COMPLICATIONS Generally, this is a safe procedure. However, problems may occur, including: • Infection. • Bleeding. • Allergic reactions to medicines [or dyes]. • Damage to other structures or organs. • Seeing small drifting specks in your field of vision (floaters). • Retinal tears or detachment. BEFORE THE PROCEDURE When emergency surgery is not required, you will have time to prepare for the procedure. The following are things you may need to do before the procedure. • Ask your caregiver about changing or stopping your regular medicines. You may need to stop taking...
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...As a result of the word race, conflicts have begun and thousands of people happen to be discriminated against. Considering that since the beginning of time, race has given people the grounds to argue, battle, and also discriminate against each other. The word race causes people to never keep company with their fellow man. It takes a smart, real person to find their way through this kind of nonsense. However, education can help one realize that there is no superior race. Sadly, many people have a problem getting past earlier portrayed labels. It could take someone many years to realize that their eye color means about as much as their skin color. For Instance, Eric Liu, an Asian-American and author, tells his journey through the difficult process of accepting his race. Throughout his years as a child, Eric Liu had struggled with the fact that he was a good Asian-American residing in a mostly white neighborhood. Trying to survive in the middle-class suburban area made him feel like an outsider. There were periods of time that were associated with confusion about his race which caused him to modify his appearance in order to fit in with society. Liu was confused by his part in school and society. Therefore his looks, loves and manners endured a bruising in his teen years. He felt like he was not normal and related the difficulties of his age not to his age but to his color. His difficulties only increased with age. Because he was always complimented on being a sweet, intelligent...
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...color. It's clear that people whose ancestors hail from different parts of the earth have differently colored skin and that this is related to how much of the sun's radiation hits that part of the planet. The less radiation, the lighter the native population's skin color tends to be. This is a great example of recent evolution in human populations. But what if we go back deeper in our evolutionary history, back to when all of humanity lived in Africa? At that time, all humans had darkly pigmented skin. A new study sheds light on how and why this skin pigmentation evolved. Where's the evolution? Humans have different skin colors because we have different amounts and kinds of the pigment melanin in our skin. Our closest living relatives, the chimpanzees, have pale skin without melanin underneath their dark fur, and almost certainly the ancestor that we share with chimps did too. So how did the early members of the human branch of the tree of life get from hair-covered light skin to hairless dark skin? Researchers have many competing hypotheses about what sort of natural selection caused dark skin to evolve. In all of these hypotheses, the notion of evolutionary fitness is important. In evolutionary terms, fitness indicates not how physically fit or healthy an organism is but how effective an organism carrying particular gene versions is at getting offspring into the next generation. So, for example, an animal carrying genes...
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...condition can suffer from vision problems and have very low vision capabilities. The colour of the eye for Albino people can vary depending on their race. Although some may have reddish or reddish violet eyes, many have blue, green, hazel or even brown eyes. Since there are different forms of Albinism which we will look into throughout this presentation, all are associated with vision and skin problems. * Did you know that Animals can also be affected with Albinism such as white rabbits and mice with red eyes?? Slide 3: What causes this condition? Albinism is caused when the body is not able to make enough of melanin, which is responsible for the colour of our skin, hair and eyes. The genes that result in Albinism are located in the autosomes. The cause of albinism is the mutation of one of the genes coded to make proteins in order to make the melanin. The cells that produce melanin are called “melanocytes” found in the skin and eyes. Usually the child with this condition inherits the gene from each of the parents which is the recessive trait. If the person has only one copy of the recessive gene then the child won’t have the disorder, but they will carry on it. Slide 4: Punnet Square The punnet square here will help you understand the genetics of Albinism. There are several examples these are just two. The capital P in black represents the dominant trait NOT albino and the small p in red represents the recessive trait of...
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...Today, there are many diseases people have to deal with. Some of them are treatable and some of them are permanent. One of the visible autoimmune diseases is vitiligo. Vitiligo occurs when melanocytes die or stop producing the pigment that gives a skin, hair, and eye color. When people have vitiligo the skin becomes whiter, and it usually occurs on skin on both sides of the body. The exact trigger is not known, but it relates to the immune system to attack, destroy the melanin-forming cells because of the family history, sunburn, stress, or exposure to chemicals. It can happen at any age, but usually occurs before the age 20. In the article “For Vitiligo Patient, Arthritis Drug Restores Skin Color” from June 24, 2015 says that a medication for treating rheumatoid arthritis has given the color back to the skin in a patient with vitiligo. It is reported that steroid creams and light therapy are not as effective in reversing the pigmentation. Yale investigators decided to use FDA-approved medication (Janus kinase inhibitors). The patient was given tofacitinib, before this medication the patient’s white spots were increasing. After two months the results were seen, patient had repigmentation on the face, arms, and hands. After five months, this white spots were almost gone; the patient had only several white spots left on the body. There were no negative results seen using tofacitinib. The scientists believe that this could be a breakthrough in the treatment of vitiligo. Brett...
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...Genetic Mutation and Melanoma Malignant melanoma is a potentially serious type of skin cancer due to uncontrolled growth of pigment cells, called melanocytes. A number of genes play a role in melanoma, including inherited genes. Genes produce proteins that perform specific tasks and act as messengers for the cell. It is essential that each gene has the correct instructions or “code” for making its protein so that the protein can perform the proper function for the cell. Many cancers begin when one or more genes in a cell are mutated, creating an abnormal protein. An increased risk of melanoma occurs when specific gene mutations are passed within a family from generation to generation. Inherited melanoma is sometimes called familial melanoma. A person may be born with a genetic mutation in all their cells (germline mutation). Every cell usually has two copies of each gene: one inherited from the mother, and one inherited from the father. Hereditary melanoma follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, in which a mutation needs to happen in only one copy of the gene. This means that a parent with a gene mutation may pass on a copy of the normal gene or a copy of the gene with a mutation. Therefore, a child who has a parent with a mutation has a 50% chance of inheriting that mutation. If a person has a first-degree relative with melanoma, his or her risk of developing melanoma is two to three times greater than the average risk. Mutations in the following...
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...Exposing the skin to a strong sunlight can cause Sun Tan or Tan. Longer stay outdoors sunlight makes the skin dark. Thus, leading to the sun tan. The dark color of skin affects your beauty. Looks is so important to take deal with the problem. Additionally, it is very beneficial to use natural remedies for sun tan. As a matter of fact, turmeric powder is a natural remedy for this problem. Furthermore, we will explain the method of using it for dealing with sun tan skin. What are the benefits of Organic Turmeric Powder Reduces inflammation The yellow pigment of turmeric known as circumin. In addition, it has been shown in numerous scientific studies to have potent anti-inflammatory properties. Acts as an antioxidant In like manner, circumin an active ingredient in turmeric. As well as a powerful antioxidant. Furthermore, antioxidant protects cells from free radicals that are formed as a result of oxidative stress. Furthermore, over time free radicals can damage skin, resulting in aging. Has anti-bacterial properties In South Asian Households often use Turmeric a soothing warm turmeric milk drink for sore throats, As well as, colds. Due to the spice's anti-bacterial properties, this prevents the infection from spreading further. Additionally, with warm turmeric powder gargle it two to three times a day can relieve a sore throat. Lowers cholesterol Moreover, Circumin lowers serum cholesterol levels. Therefore, may be beneficial in controlling high cholesterol levels in the blood...
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