15th WEEK 1st day Complicity – Tanamonawileoba Liquidation – likvidacia Accomplice – Tanamzraxveli, Tanamonawile To recant – naTqvamis ukan waReba Culpable – damnaSave SYNONYM PAIRS Culpable, culprit, felon Culpable = (adj.) deserving censure; blameworthy; reprehensible; damnaSave, gankicxvis Rirsi Culprit = the person who is guilty of a crime or doing something wrong; a person awaiting trial, esp one who has pleaded not guilty; criminal, offender Felon = someone who is guilty of a serious crime

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------To confess to complicity in – aRiaro Tanamonawileba To establish oneself as an accomplice – warmoadgino Tavi Tanamzraxvelad To recant confession – aRiarebis ukan waReba He was found culpable – is damnaSaved cnes Hoodlum = (sl.) a dangerous criminal Nobody raised an eyebrow over - warbic aravis Seuxria Hapless felon = unlucky criminal -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Swindle –TaRliToba Surreptitiously = secretly Mammoth = huge A mammoth conflict arose – uzarmazari konfliqti wamoiWra Incontrovertible evidence – udavo samxili A servant was held culpable = a servant was found culpable Isolated parish – izolirebuli samrevlo ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Woolgathering He is engaged in woolgathering - is ocnebiTaa dakavebuli (RrublebSi dafrinavs) 2nd day To abrogate – darRveva, Selaxva Alleged – eWvmitanili Access – daSveba To invalidate – anulireba To preclude – xelis SeSla SYNONYM PAIRS To abrogate, to invalidate

To abrogate = to officially end a legal agreement, practice etc; to cancel or revoke formally or officially; annul; anulireba, gauqmeba (kanonis, uflebis, Cveulebis…) To invalidate = to take away the legal force or effectiveness of; annul, as a contract; to make a document, ticket, claim etc no longer legally or officially acceptable;

gabaTileba, kanonieri Zalis warTmeva, gauqmeba
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------To take an interest in – interesis gamoCena To abrogate the rights – uflebebis Selaxva Alleged accomplice – TanamonawileobaSi eWvmitanili He had been denied access to an attorney – uari uTxres daeSvaT masTan advokati To invalidate the conviction – ganaCenis gauqmeba To entitle – uflebis micema To question a suspect – eWvmitanilis dakiTxva On the grounds that – im mizeziT, rom To uphold a law = to support a law To play havoc with – areulobis Setana Slugger = heavy-weight boxer Court-martial – tribunali Pep pills = pills that stimulate the nervous system To whitewash – damnaSavis umankod warmoCena Virtuous = (formal) behaving in a very honest and moral way [≠ wicked] 3rd day To persevere – Seupovrad gagrZeleba Landmark – istoriuli mniSvnelobis Extrinsic – gareSe, ucxo To declaim – sityviT gamosvla To fetter – dabrkoleba, xelis SeSla To persevere in the defense of – Seupovrad gaagrZelo dacva The case was argued – saqme gaasaCivres The Supreme Court – uzenaesi sasamarTlo A landmark decision – istoriuli mniSvnelobis gadawyvetileba To reverse conviction – ganaCenis Secvla Law enforcement – samarTalgamoyeneba In the long run – bolos da bolos Extrinsic evidence is secured – gareSe faqtebi, samxili moZiebulia A justice = judge of a supreme court Ill-conceived = not planned well and not having an aim that is likely to be achieved; Legitimate methods of criminal enforcement – sisxlis samarTlis sferoSi kanon

aRsrulebis legitimuri meTodebi
Avidly – gulmodgined Ostentatious fabrics – TvalSisacemi qsovili To break the ice – situaciis ganmuxtva (yinuli daiZra); navsis gatexva 4th day Paragon – gansaxireba, srulyofilebis nimuSi Nomadic – moxetiale Asperity – ukmexoba, uxeSoba

Epithet – epiTeti Controversial – sakamaTo, sadavo Release from prison – cixidan gaSveba Inmate – patimari To begin suits for freedom – sasamarTlo saqmis wamowyeba Tavisuflebis

mosapoveblad To violate the rights – uflebebis Selaxva
On its merits = according to the rights and wrongs of the case, without being influenced by personal feelings; samarTlianad To be convicted of the offense - damnaSaved cnoba A paragon of virtue – Rirsebis gansaxiereba To lead a nomadic existence – eweode moxetiale cxovrebas With asperity – ukmexad Police harassment – Zaladoba, devna policiis mier To endure privation – gaWirvebis atana Display of asperity – ukmexobis gamomJRavneba They hurled vile epithets at each other – isini bilw epiTetebs esrodnen erTmaneTs The grapevine – kuluaruli Worebi 16th WEEK 1st day Indigenous (to be indigenous to) – mkvidri Gregarious – megobruli, gulRia, gundurad mcxovrebi Habitat – sacxovrebeli adgili, samSoblo (cxovelis, mcenaris), samyofeli Cursory – zerele, zedapiruli, naCqarevi (= perfunctory) Interloper – gareSe piri, daupatiJebeli stumari SYNONYM PAIRS Cursory, perfunctory Cursory = done very quickly without much attention to details Perfunctory = a perfunctory action is done quickly, and is only done because people expect it; done superficially, only as a matter of routine; careless or cursory ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------That is indigenous to all parts of the globe – romelic globusis yvela nawilSi mkvidrobs Colony = number of animals or plants, living or growing together A cursory study – zerele Seswavla Hive – ska Distinct odor – gansakuTrebuli, gamorCeuli surneli To repulse invasion – Semotevis mogerieba ---------------------------------------------------------------------------He took a cursory glance at – man zereled gadaxeda Cryptic message – daSifruli mesiji To decode a message – mesijis gaSifvra To be replete with – iyos savse ramiT To scurry from group to group – gaiqce erTi jgufidan meorisken ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

In a bee line – umoklesi gziT To make a bee line for – waxvide sadme umoklesi gziT

2nd day Prolific - nayofieri Bulwark – dacva, burji, sayrdeni Sedentary (to) – mjdomare, uqnara, umoqmedo Frugal – ekonomiuri, momWirne, yairaTiani Antithesis (of) – sapirispiro, sawinaaRmdego, kontrasti Sedentary drone – uqnara mamali futkari To mate with – Sewyvileba / Sejvareba Eggs that hatch into thousands of female workers – kvercxebi, saidanac iCekeba

aTasobiT muSa dedali futkari The antithesis of the lazy drone – zarmac mamal futkarTan sruli kontrastia
In effect = in fact To starve to death – SimSiliT sikvdili To come up with a good plot – moigono kargi siuJeti Reticent – sityvaZunwi To shake off the fetters (of) – moiSoro borkilebi To badger = continually nag; gulis gawyaleba The world, the flesh, and the devil – cTuneba, amqveyniuri siamovneba day

3

rd

Altruistic – Tavdauzogavi, sxvebze mzrunveli, altruisti To embellish – Selamazeba, morTva Cache – samalavi, sacavi Coterie – saerTo interesebis mqone adamianTa jgufi, saZmo Cupidity – sixarbe, gaumaZRroba Waterproof honeycomb – wyalgaumtari fiWa Beeswax – Taflis sanTeli In search of nectar and pollen – neqtarisa (yvavilis wveni) da yvavilis mtvris

saZebnelad
Hind legs – ukana fexebi Is entrusted with – evaleba Welfare of the queen – deda futkris keTildReoba Through a fortuitous remark – SemTxveviTi replikis wyalobiT His reprehensible cupidity would eventuate in a loss of all his friends – mis gasakicx Irate = angry To make bricks without straw – wamoiwyo uimedo saqme 4th day Virtuosity - virtuozoba, ostatoba Temerity = when someone says or does something in a way that shows a lack of respect for other people and is likely to offend them; nagloba, gambedaoba

sixarbes Sedegad yvela megobris dakargva mohyveboda

Amorous – sasiyvarulo Progeny - STamomavloba To saturate – gavseba, gajereba, gaJRenTva Saga = story Larva – matli (larvae – matlebi) Royal jelly = a substance secreted (romelic gamoiyofa) by worker bees and fed to all larvae when very young and to larvae destined to become queens throughout their growth. Pupa (pl. pupas or pupae) – Wupri To hatch – gamoCekva To challenge – gamowveva Progeny saturate the hive – STamomavloba avsebs skas Scouts are dispatched – mzveravebs agzavnian To swarm = (of bees) move or go in large numbers round a queen bee for emigration to a new colony Beatnik = a young person in the late 1950s who rebelled against conventional attitudes and styles of dress To be noted for valor – iyo cnobili simamaciT To have the upper hand – upiratesobis mopoveba I had him at my mercy – is Cems xelSi iyo

17th WEEK 1st day To perpetrate – Cadena, Sesruleba, ganxorcieleba Consummate – srulyofili Subterfuge – xriki, eSmakoba, fandi To concoct – SeTxzva, mogoneba Fallacious – mcdari, yalbi Ruse = trick; xriki, eSmakoba, oini Allied troops – mokavSire Zalebi, armia Bold – gabeduli Ingenious = clever To concoct an ingenious subterfuge – Wkvianuri xrikis mogoneba To plant sth on / upon sb = (informal) to hide stolen or illegal goods in someone's clothes, bags, room etc in order to make them seem guilty of a crime Fallacious documents – yalbi dokumentebi To observe the effects of the plan – daakvirde gegmis Sedegebs To give a cursory attention to –zerele yuradRebis miqceva To surmise = to guess Controversial – kamaTis / paeqrobis moyvaruli; controversial issue – sakamaTo sakiTxi To give a consummate attention to – mTeli yuradRebis mipyroba To concoct a convincing story – damajerebeli ambis SeTxzva To perpetrate the swindle – TaRliTobis Cadena Confidence man = conman, TaRliTi To adopt an amorous approach – sasiyvarulo urTierTobis damyareba To draw in one’s horns – Tavis Sekaveba gabrazebisgan, Tavis xelSi ayvana 2nd day

Manifold – mravalricxovani Assiduous – gulmodgine = zealous Impeccable – umwikvlo, unaklo Fraught (to be fraught with) – saves = to be replete with Resourceful – moxerxebuli, sazriani, marjve Escapade = a mischievous act or adventure; oini, eSmakoba; gamoxtoma To encounter manifold problems – waawyde mravalricxovan problemebs To conduct an assiduous search for – ganaxorcielo gulmodgine Zebna Authenticity – utyuaroba, WeSmariteba Personal effects – piradi nivTebi Schemer = deviser of impracticable (ararealuri) schemes Burdened by – datvirTuli To preclude – xelis SeSla Crippled airplane – dazianebuli TviTmfrinavi To be razed = to be destroyed A paragon of mercy – gulmowyalebis gansaxiereba To put the cart before the horse – ukuRma / Tavdayira gakeTeba 3rd day Murky – mRvrie, bundovani, gaurkveveli Component – komponenti Hoax – tyuili, eSmakoba Labyrinth – labirinTi To evaluate – Sefaseba Submarine – wyalqveSa gemi Embassy – saelCo To scrutinize – dawvrilebiT / guldasmiT Seswavla To reseal – beWdis Tavidan dadeba To swallow the bait – ankesze wamogeba Motion picture – kinofilmi To wander – xetiali To come face to face with – waawyde Incisive (= caustic) comments – mwvave, gesliani komentarebi Murky quality – gaurkveveli, bundovani xarisxi To turn the tables (on sb.) – situaciis Secvla Sens sasargeblod

4th day To exult – gaxareba, zeimi To attest (to) – dadastureba Gullible (be gullible about) – mimndobi To deploy – ganlageba Enigma – gamocana, Tavsatexi All evidence attested to the fact – yvela samxili adasturebda faqts Inconsequential – logikurad gaumarTlebeli, alogikuri Subsequently – SemdgomSi Allied casualties – mokavSireTa msxverpli Citation = an official commendation (Seqeba) or award, esp. for bravery

A genuine enigma – namdvili Tavsatexi A gullible dupe – mimndobi gulubryvilo adamiani To deploy chess pieces – ganalago Wadrakis figurebi To attest to the authenticity – daadasturo utyuaroba, namdviloba To exhibit cupidity – gamoamJRavno siZunwe A chip off the old block – gavde mamas; kvici gvarze xtiso; ali-kvali mama

18th WEEK 1st day Abortive – warumatebeli, uSedego To modify – Secvla To accommodate – Sewyoba, morgeba Spontaneous – spontanuri Innate – bunebrivi, Tandayolili Resourceful – marjve, sazriani Abortive attempt – uSedego mcdeloba To persevere – Seupovrad gagrZeleba To hit upon - migneba Extensive vocabulary – didi leqsika Innate cunning – Tandayolili cbiereba, sieSmake To see through the spy’s subterfuge – gaSifro, amoicno jaSuSis xriki Diver – myvinTavi To admonish = scold, warn; gakicxva Incoherent – araTanamimdevruli Fallacious statement – mcdari gancxadeba To accommodate the patient’s special needs – pacientis gansakuTrebuli moTxovnebis

dakmayofileba
Under the wire – swored droze, bolo wuTSi Term paper – sakurso naSromi

2nd day Veneer (of) = behaviour that hides someone's real character or feelings; moCvenebiTi, garegnuli,

niRabi
Myriad – uTvalavi, auracxeli Urbane – daxvewili To crave – survili, miswrafeba Irrelevant – Seusabamo, uadgilo A veneer of intelligence – moCvenebiTi inteleqti That are familiar to – romelic nacnobia Index finger – saCvenebeli TiTi To practice cupidity - gamoamJRavno siZunwe To concoct the hoax – tyuilis mogoneba Urbane humor – daxvewili iumori

Sophisticated playwright – daxvewili dramaturgi A veneer of ignorance – moCvenebiTi umecreba To be at large – iyo Tavisufali (gaTavisuflebuli cixidan) 3rd day To deem – CaTvla, miCneva Inherent – Tandayolili Buff – gulSematkivari, moyvaruli To romp – xtunva, celqoba Latent – damaluli, faruli Ape = tailless monkey (gorilla, chimpanzee, orang-outan, gibbon); primati To embark on = start To rear = bring up; aRzrda Inherent ability – Tandayolili niWi Cinema buffs – kinos moyvarulebi Latent intelligence – damaluli inteleqti To cajole into doing sth – vinmes dayolieba Intercity competition – saqalaqTaSoriso Sejibri To romp over = to win easily; advilad gamklaveba Hapless rival – uiRblo metoqe To become cognizant of - mixvedra Inherent alertness – Tandayolili sifxizle To go against the grain – gaRizianeba, nervebis moSla It goes against my grain – es me nervebs miSlis 4th day Tortuous – mixveul-moxveuli, CaxlarTuli Itinerant – moxetiale, mogzauri Peregrination – mogzauroba Conjugal – saqorwino, colqmruli Barometer – barometri Maze – labirinTi Lever – berketi Nomadic – moxetiale To swing (swung, swung) – gadaadgileba, gaqaneba Loyal – erTguli To be nettled about – iyo gaRizianebuli To ascend – asvla Conjugal havoc = conjugal destruction; ojaxis dangreva Sedentary – uqnara, mjdomare Lobby – vestibiuli Beggar – maTxovari Others of that ilk – sxva misnairebi May be construed = may be interpreted To wink at – Tvalis daxuWva rameze (TiTqos ver amCnev) Plethora of – siWarbe Illegal shipment – aralegaluri gadazidva

19th WEEK 1st day Megalomania – didebisken swrafva, gandidebis mania Profligate – TavaSvebuli, mflangveli Strife – uTanxmoeba, konfliqti, ganxeTqileba Legion – uamravi Coup –amboxeba, saxelmwifo gadatrialeba He was afflicted with megalomania – gandidebis maniiT iyo Sepyrobili Profligate rule – mflangveli mmarTveloba Treasury – xazina Rampant = growing and spreading uncontrollably; gavrcelebuli Domestic strife was mounting – Sida areuloba izrdeboda To be incarcerated = to be imprisoned Bloodless coup – usisxlo gadatrialeba Took command of the poor nation – gaRatakebuli eris saTaveSi movida Singular disregard for = extraordinary indifference; gansakuTrebuli uyuradReboba Spouse = husband or wife; meuRle To be culpable for – iyo damnaSave To execute - sikvdiliT dasja To obviate = to avoid; Tavidan acileba Veneer – niRabi Feelings of inferiority – arasrulfasovnebis SegrZneba To play possum – Tavis momkvdaruneba / mokatuneba In jeopardy – safrTxeSi Voracious = very hungry or greedy

2nd day Amnesty – aministia Expatriate – emigranti To exonerate – reabilitacia, Sewyaleba Fiat – dadgenileba, brZaneba Mendacious – matyuara, cru To declare an amnesty for – aministiis gamocxadeba To abrogate oppressive fiats – despoturi dadgenilebebis gauqmeba Predecessor – winamorbedi Things began to look up temporarily – saqmeebi droebiT ukeTesobisken midioda Myriad of law suits – uTvalavi procesi To deliberate – mofiqreba, awon-dawonva To exonerate the culprit – damnaSavis Sewyaleba Obvious feint = obvious pretence; aSkara TvalTmaqcoba It’s an ill wind that blows nobody good = (spoken) used to say that every problem brings an advantage for someone; sxvisi ubedurebiT sargebloba; нет худа без добра. Quarterback – mcveli Rookie – axalbeda To mumble – Cabutbuteba

3rd day Parsimonious – Zunwi Pecuniary – finansuri To dismantle – daSla, demontaJi, dangreva Sumptuous – uxvi, mdidruli To underwrite – dafinanseba Pecuniary powers – finansuri Zalaufleba To get the little country back on its feet – patara qveyana isev fexze daeyenebina To slash all the waste from the budget – amoiRo yvela zedmeti xarji biujetidan To underwrite a substantial loan – mniSvnelovani sesxis gamoyofa To be in desperate trouble = to be in serious trouble Sumptuous feast – mdidruli nadimi To modify one’s parsimonious attitude – Secvalo Zunwi damokidebuleba Fractious = quarrelsome; anCxli To know the ropes – icode yvela procedura; ramis zedmiwevniT codna; saqmis

kursSi yofna
4th day Restrictive – SemzRudveli, mkacri To balk = to not want to do or try something, because it seems difficult, unpleasant, or frightening;

uaris Tqma, SewinaaRmdegeba Blunt – utaqto, ukmexi Nostalgia – nostalgia Rife – farTod gavrcelebuli
Ration = a fixed allowance of something that is scarce, such as food or petrol in wartime Food rationing – kvebis norma Graft = the practice of obtaining money by taking advantage of one's position; meqrTameoba Under Andre – andres mmarTvelobis dros Everybody got his slice of the pie – yvela Tavis lukmas iRebda Decree – dadgenileba To crave freedom = to desire freedom Urbane = refined in manners; daxvewili

Behind the eight ball = in trouble She found herself behind the eight ball – mas problemebi Seeqmna