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Memphis Yellow Fever Epidemic Summary

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Memphis and the 1878 Yellow Fever Epidemic.

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The Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1878 had a destructive effect on Memphis, Tennessee. The death and destruction resulting from “Yellow Jack” reduced Memphis from a thriving city, all but immune to the effects of the Civil War and Reconstruction, to a charterless tax district run by the State of Tennessee (Baker, 1968). The 1878 epidemic was not the city’s first experience with the fever, but it was by far the most devastating. Adding to the general effects of the epidemic were the failures of the city’s government to keep Memphis financially solvent and physically sanitary. Growing distrust among the citizens of Memphis toward their municipal government, local newspapers, and doctors added to the chaos the epidemic brought to Memphis. Volunteer agencies formed a proxy government in the city that managed the epidemic and spearheaded the dissolution of the city’s charter and the formation of the Memphis Tax District, which eventually …show more content…
Had the elected government functioned with the integrity of the proxy government, perhaps the epidemic would not have been so generationally devastating to Memphis and would have allowed the city to continue to grow as it was before the fever. Even so, the greater benefit came through the proxy government and the legitimacy it earned through its policies and actions. The yellow fever outbreak in Memphis brought much-needed national attention to issues of public health in the day, setting the stage for modern public health agencies, and shaped the city to be a medical “City on a Hill,” serving the world through research and patient care by the hospitals in the Medical District and through St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, nestled in the Pinch District of Memphis where Mrs. Kate Bionda lived and

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