...Culture and Disease Bipolar Disorder in the United States Briana M. Bowers HCS/245 October 19, 2011 Rebecca Johnson BIPOLAR DISORDER IN THE UNITED STATES It is well known that diseases come in many forms. Whether the illness is physical or mental, the treatment for one should be as equally important as the other. Mental illnesses can affect the way one lives their lives. Depending on the severity of an individual’s mental illness can sometimes develop a physical disability if untreated. Bipolar Disorder is a mental illness defined as “a manic-depressive illness. It is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks” (National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 2008). Bipolar Disorder is easily described as a “roller coaster of emotions”; this meaning a person can switch between high and low emotions/behaviors at any given time. It has also been noted for an individual to experience hallucinations or delusions, depending on the severity of the current state that person is in. An article on Bipolar Disorder found on Health.com and reported on CNN.com notes, “2.4% of people have been diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder. Out of an 11-nation study, the United States has the highest lifetime rate of Bipolar Disorder at 4.4%, and India with the lowest at 0.1%” (Gardner, 2011). Bipolar Disorder comes in different forms. Bipolar Disorder I is “mainly manic or mixed episodes that last at least seven days...
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...Bi-Polar Disorder HCA/240 Bi-Polar Disorder Bipolar disorder is one of the oldest mental disorders that have been recorded. In the 4th and 5th centuries B.C. it was believed that depression was caused by a body fluid known as black bile, while mania was caused by another fluid called yellow bile. Hippocrates recommended proper diet, drink and abstinence from sexual activity as cures. In the 2nd century A.D. a Greek physician named Aretaeus of Cappodociam first made note in his writings about individuals experiencing symptoms of depressive moods and manic episodes at the same time. In the middle ages it was believed that mental illness was divine punishment for a misdeed. Later, mentally ill people were persecuted for witchcraft and demon possession and killed. Treatment of bipolar disorder included bleeding, inducing vomiting and rest and relaxation in mineral waters, more excessive treatments such as sterilization and institutionalization were also used. These treatments continued to be used for thousands of years. Although, it was not until the 1850’s when two French doctors Jean Falret and Jules Baillarger observed that the cycle of mania and depression were phases of the same illness. In 1899, German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin used the term manic depressive illness to define the cycle of mania and depression (Lauder, 2008). In the 1950’s and 1960’s psychiatrists began to study the patients with bipolar disorder and publish the research. From the 1950’s...
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...Hewlett-Packard | Psychological Disorders | Bipolar Disorder | | Misty Whitehead | BEH/225 | Bipolar disorder is one of the oldest mental illnesses documented, although it has not been substantiated as a mental illness until the last 60 or so years. | Bipolar disorder was first known as manic depressive. According to “Bipolar” 1995, the symptoms of this disorder have been found to be mentioned in ancient writings as early as the second century. However, the disorder was not substantiated until the year 1650 after scientist Richard Burton wrote the book The Anatomy of Melancholia. Later in 1854 Jules Falret was able to link depression and suicide through his research. Falret’s work led him to recognize the term bipolar disorder through the links of depression lows in the mood and heightened points in the mood. In 1875 Falret found that this disorder was different than simple depression and later termed the disorder as manic depressive psychosis and that this was a real psychiatric disorder. Falret was also the first scientist to determine that there was a genetic link to the disorder. The disorder did not receive its own classification from other mental disorders of the time until Francois Baillarger characterized the depressive phase of the disorder. Later in 1913 Emily Krapelin began using the term manic-depressive. She completed an extensive study around the disorder explaining the phase of depression extensively and touching a little on the manic...
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...Bipolar Disorder Breawn D. Mitchell HCA/240 May 19, 2013 Pamela S. Card Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is a severe mental condition that causes a person to have emotions that are extremely intense and unpredictable. Individuals with this condition will change from ultimate cheerfulness, energy, and clarity to complete anguish, fatigue, and agitation. Suffering from this condition could lead to suicide. The individual can experience moods that are highly elevated that can last a minimum of a week and make the person unable to function. This mood change is known as manic or mania. When the individual experiences these elevated changes they may not necessarily become depressed (American Psychological Association, 2013). Understanding the history of bipolar disorder may help one to understand the signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments. As early as the 1st Century, Aretaeus of Cappadocia took the time to keep track of the symptoms of the disorder. He had made note of the relationship between depression and mania that went unnoticed for centuries. The Ancient Greeks and Romans began to use the terms “mania” and “melancholia”. Religious views pointed out that individuals with the disorder were thought to be possessed, so they were often put to death. Robert Burton wrote a book entitled The Anatomy of Melancholy in the 17th Century. The book addressed treatment for melancholy, the effects of depression, and a commentary of depression. Theophilus Bonet published Sepuchretum...
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...Incarceration of people with mental disorders José Miguel Avendaño Monroy Colegio Británico Research Skills Abstract This paper explores many published articles, and statistics that report and explain on results from research the incarceration of people with mental disorders, founding and explaining why criminals with mental disorders (schizophrenia, and major depression) should be incarcerated instead of being sent to a psychiatric center?; founding that there are many factors that can start the development of mental illness such as combination of biological, psychological, and environment factors (Hall-Flavin, 2015). Also it was set the most common mental disorders in inmates, that were schizophrenia, major depression, and bipolar disorder. Additionally it was present that up to the fifty five percent inmates suffer a mental disorder (Glaze & James, 2006). Also it was present a murder case which occurs in Perú, for demonstrated that people with mental illness can be highly dangerous in certain moments and they may affect the people who is surrounded them. In conclusion, there is still a long and endless debate between the same society trying to convince and prove why criminals with mental illness should be or not incarcerated. Keywords: mental disorder, criminals with mental disorders, recidivism, bipolar disorder, criminal rates. Incarceration of people with mental disorders I. ABSTRACT II. INTRODUCTION III. MENTAL DISORDER a. Definition ...
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...PSY/450 Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is a long-term brain disorder that causes sporadic shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out daily living tasks. Symptoms of bipolar disorder can be very severe. Individuals suffering from bipolar disorder can experience the normal ups and downs but at a more intense level than that of which all individuals experience from one time to another (BIPOLAR DISORDER, n.d.). Bipolar disorder often appears in the later teen years into their early adult years. About half of bipolar cases begin before the age of 25. Some of the individuals experience symptoms during childhood when other individuals develop symptoms later in life. Bipolar disorder is difficult to diagnosis and sometimes suffer for years before receiving a proper diagnosis and treatment. Burrell Behavior Health is a non-profit organization that provides a variety of mental health services to individuals of all ages and cultures. Burrell takes into consideration the variety of cultures and their beliefs when developing a treatment plan for each individual they serve (Burrell Behavior Health/services). When developing a treatment plan for individuals from different cultures the treatment team takes each individual; their specific beliefs and needs into consideration when choosing the plan of treatment that will work best for their particular illness. Burrell Behavior Health offers psychotherapy, medications, and sometimes even play therapy to develop...
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...Abstract Bipolar disorder has two levels that is associated with mental illness. The diagnosis of Bipolar disorder correlation with other disorders and has made it very difficult to diagnoses without connecting it to another mental illness. The most common links associated with Bipolar are mood disorders, disruptive disorders, panic disorders, and anxiety disorders to name a few. Each of these disorders has very similar symptoms changing personalities at any given time. Bipolar I and II have manic and hypomanic episodes occurs in an everyday or a total of a week the symptoms are increased displaying abnormal behavior. Hypomanic episode is a higher level severity of mood swings with elevated energy lasting four consecutive days and is present the majority of the day. Bipolar II has the same episodes reoccurring with escalated energy and activity, lasting longer than four days. According to research, Bipolar II is linked to substance abuse, severe depression, and schizophrenia that are unpredictable with the symptoms that cause clinical distress and impairment in social setting and a work environment. Hypomania episode and Depressive Disorder fluctuate between Bipolar I and II disorders. Researcher has found that Bipolar Disorder is genetically connected at an early age. Diagnosis is very difficult to recognize at such an early age, because is connected to other illness such as medical diagnoses or ADHD. Bipolar disorder is highly unpredictable with students were missed...
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...BIPOLAR DISORDER PSY/340 Today there are many different illnesses that affect the structure and function of the brain. Learning Team B decided to do their research on bipolar Disorder. Team B will evaluate the teams’ presentation and be able to describe the illness. Explain the neurological damage or changes to the brain as a result of the illness. Explain the behavioral functional changes that can occur as a result. Describe the suspected known causes of the illness. Discuss the treatments and explain the role of genetics of the illness. Bipolar Disorder, also known as manic depressive disorder or manic depression is a serious mental illness that can lead to risky behavior, damaged relationships and careers, and even suicidal tendencies if not treated (Healthline, 2014). Bipolar disorder is a serious mental disorder that causes extreme shifts in mood, energy, and functioning. Bipolar disorder has two phases which are manic phase and depressed phase. Manic phase symptoms is increased energy, unusual talkativeness, racing thoughts, little need for sleep, inflated self-esteem, and spending sprees. The depressed phase is sadness, uncontrollable crying, anxiety, loss of interest or enjoyment in activities, withdrawal from family and friends and excessive guilt (Healthline, 2014). Bipolar disorder is a relatively common and chronic psychiatric condition in which patient’s episodes of mania and depression, usually with intervening periods of relative mood stability. Three brain...
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...Bipolar disorder used to be known as manic depressive disorder or manic depression. It's a serious mental illness, one that can lead to risky behavior, damaged relationships and careers, and even suicidal tendencies if it's not treated. Bipolar disorder is characterized by extreme changes in mood, from mania to depression. Between these mood episodes, a person with bipolar disorder may experience normal moods. "Manic" describes an increasingly restless, energetic, talkative, reckless, powerful, euphoric period. Lavish spending sprees or impulsive risky sex can occur. Then, at some point, this high-flying mood can spiral into something darker -- irritation, confusion, anger, feeling trapped. "Depression" describes the opposite mood -- sadness, crying, sense of worthlessness, loss of energy, loss of pleasure, sleep problems. But because the pattern of highs and lows varies for each person, bipolar disorder is a complex disease to diagnose. For some people, mania or depression can last for weeks or months, (and rarely, even years). For other people, bipolar disorder takes the form of frequent and dramatic mood episodes. (WebMD, 2013) "There's a whole spectrum of symptoms and mood changes that have been found in bipolar disorder," says Michael Aronson, MD, a clinical psychiatrist. "It's not always dramatic mood swings. In fact, some people seem to get along just fine. The manic periods can be very, very productive. They think things are going great." The danger comes, he says, when...
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...Abstract Bipolar disorder (also known as manic-depression) is a chronic brain disorder marked by bouts of extreme and impairing changes in mood, energy, overwhelming thoughts, and behavior. What is it going to take to get people to comprehend what it really means to be bipolar? Well that’s a question we should all think about; whether it pertains to your child or someone else’s. Observing and documenting the child’s behavior and mood changes is the first step. There are several symptoms that are most consistent some include, high energy with little need for sleep; increased hyper, or "bouncing off the walls"; increased talkativeness with fast speech; racing thoughts , poor judgment etc. Treatment is available for these children we just need to pull to together and let one another know they have support. The Impact of children with Bipolar Disorder Bipolarism in children can influence them in a negative manner. It can cause a child to become extremely dangerous if not treated or treated correctly. “Viewing moods in bipolar varies on their severity” (D. Papolos M.D. & J. Papolos 2002). The youth that doesn’t get diagnosed or treated properly has a higher chance of developing poor social skills. Most people view bipolar disorder as just a general simplistic illness, when in all actuality it is far from it. Most children that suffer from bipolarsim typically do not fully understand the reason they are feeling the symptoms. Learning the early stages of bipolar disorder...
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...A Reflective Paper On Bipolar Disorder Bipolar is a condition known as manic-depressive disorder, which referred to as bipolar or manic depression, a psychiatric diagnosis that describes a category of mood disorders defined by the presence of one or more abnormal episodes. An estimated 15-20% of patients who suffer from bipolar disorder and who do not receive medical attention commit suicide. Bipolar disorder is a very dangerous illness that is often over looked. Although many people may assume that bipolar disorder is just a person's personality fluctuating between highs and lows, there is much more to this disease. Bipolar disorder is a complex physiological and psychological disorder that can influence and manipulate a person's thoughts and actions in their daily life. Bipolar elevated moods are symptoms of mania or milder hypomania. Individuals who experience manic episodes have both mania and depression present at the same time. These episodes are usually separated by periods of "normal "mood; but, in some individuals, depression and mania may rapidly alternate, which is known as rapid cycling. Feldman, R.S 2009. In addition, extreme manic episodes can sometimes lead to psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations. Depression phase of bipolar disorder include persistent feelings of sadness, anxiety, guilt, anger isolation, or hopelessness; disturbances in sleep and loss of appetite and interest in usually enjoyable activities; problems concentrating; loneliness...
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...Bipolar Disorder in Children and Teens * Does your child go through intense mood changes? * What is bipolar disorder? * Who develops bipolar disorder? * How is bipolar disorder different in children and teens than it is in adults? * What causes bipolar disorder? * What are the symptoms of bipolar disorder? * Do children and teens with bipolar disorder have other problems? * How is bipolar disorder diagnosed? * How is bipolar disorder treated? * Medication * Therapy * What can children and teens expect from treatment? * How can I help my child or teen? * How does bipolar disorder affect parents and family? * Where do I go for help? * I know a child or teen who is in crisis. What do I do? * Contact us to find out more about bipolar disorder Does your child go through intense mood changes? Does your child have extreme behavior changes too? Does your child get too excited or silly sometimes? Do you notice he or she is very sad at other times? Do these changes affect how your child acts at school or at home? Some children and teens with these symptoms may have bipolar disorder, a serious mental illness. Read this brochure to find out more. What is bipolar disorder? Bipolar disorder is a serious brain illness. It is also called manic-depressive illness. Children with bipolar disorder go through unusual mood changes. Sometimes they feel very happy or "up," and are much more active than usual...
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...Bipolar Disorder Ray Bradbury once said, “insanity is relative. It depends on who has who locked in what cage.” That statement could very well have been penned specifically for sufferers of bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is known as a manic-depressive disorder and is a psychiatric diagnosis that covers a plethora of mood disorders. Bipolar is defined by the presence of one or more episodes of abnormally elevated moods, clinically referred to as mania or (if milder) hypomanias. Bipolar disorder affects both men and women. Research has shown that the first episode of bipolar disorder is occurring during adolescence. It must be understood that bipolar disorder is not just a sign of weakness; it is a serious medical condition that requires treatment. History The current term “bipolar disorder” is of a recent origin and refers to the cycling between high and low episodes or poles. A relationship between mania and melancholia has been observed and although the basis of the current conceptualization can be traced back to a French psychiatrist in the 1850’s the term “manic depressive illness” was coined by the German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin in the late nineteenth century. Originally, the term referred to all kinds of mood disorders. German psychiatrist Karl Leonhard finally split the classification again in 1957 using the terms unipolar disorder and bipolar disorder (Dziegielewski, 2002). Bipolar disorder is one of the oldest known illnesses. Bipolar symptoms have been...
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...structure, and behavior of individuals suffering Bipolar illness. This paper will evaluate their presentation and explain bipolar illness, explain the neurological damage or changes to the brain as a result of the illness, and also an explanation of the behavioral or functional changes that can occur as a result of the illness. I will touch bases on the following: • A description of the suspected or known causes of the illness • A discussion of current treatments or therapies and future research for the prevention or cure of the illness • The role of genetics on the onset of the illness • The visual appeal of the presentation • The overall organization of the information presented What is Bipolar disorder? Bipolar disorder is a mental illness which is also commonly known as manic-depressive illness. It is a brain disorder which causes abnormal changes in mood, energy and activity. This disorder interferes with one’s ability to handle everyday task. The symptoms and effects are extreme as this is considered a long term illness. Bipolar Disorder normally appears in an individual around their late teen or early adulthood, however some symptoms occur in childhood. An individual may have a bipolar disorder if the individual has manic symptoms for majority of the day, almost every day occurring for more than two weeks. Neurological & Brain changes Researchers believe bipolar disorder is partially caused by an unidentified problem...
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...Did you know that nearly 19% of adults in the U.S. alone deal with some kind of a mental disorder? Or that 20% of the youth population have been diagnosed with one of these disorders? To put that into a different perspective, that means one in every five people may possess some form of a mental illness, whether it is depression, an anxiety disorder, or OCD. Mental illness is not a rarity in today’s society, but instead it is an extensive obstacle for everyone that has these disorders. Mental illness is existent all over the world in many people, and it is important to be knowledgeable of it and essential to be understanding of the people who suffer from it. I have always been curious about mental illnesses ever since I was able to understand what it was. I have read books about people with mental disorders, studied statistics about mental illnesses, and researched it extensively on the Internet. First, I...
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