...March 5, 2016 The Importance of Research Research studies these days are gaining an unprecedented focus and attention. A researchable area in any academic discipline is an area that has an ample scope to be explored. If the scope in itself poses some potential problems that need to be answered, a research methodology offers solutions for dealing with them effectively. The very path one traverses in search of authentic solutions to a specific academic problem constitutes what we call ‘research’. This research question posed by the researcher and the methodology that he adopts to get solutions is the most valuable part of the research work. Research is a careful and detailed study into a specific problem, concern, or issue using the scientific method. It's the adult form of the science fair projects back in elementary school, where we try and learn something by performing an experiment. This is best accomplished by turning the issue into a question, with the intent of the research to answer the question. In the Code of Federal Regulations (45 CFR 46.102(d)) pertaining to the protection of human subjects research is defined as: “A systematic investigation ( i.e., the gathering and analysis of information) designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge.” The National Academy of Sciences states that the object of research is to “extend human knowledge of the physical, biological, or social world beyond what is already known.” Research is different than other forms of...
Words: 708 - Pages: 3
...Professor Jennifer Slothower Best Approach to Treating Cocaine Addiction Currently the research that Rawson et al. (2002) notes that methadone treatment is deemed the best treatment for cocaine addiction. Methadone is a synthetic agent that occupies the receptors that have been occupied by cocaine in the brain to relieve euphoria, intoxication and withdrawal symptoms. The real issues arise from the length of methadone treatment. Even though researches show that, no ill effects arise from continual use. However, the Center for Disease Control (2002) shows that most patients under methadone abandon the treatment before a year is complete; the clinic sometimes encourages the patients to leave or the patients fail to comply with the program. Amore obvious reason is that taking methadone becomes difficult and unpleasant for most patients. In effect, most methadone patients relapse and start using cocaine again. In this light, the question of which treatment approach is best for treating cocaine addicts still remain. Considerably, other drug addiction treatments, such as CBT- cognitive-behavioral therapy and CM –contingency management show promise in helping patient dissuade from taking drug, even after the initial drug treatment is stopped. In this light, hypothesis for creating an effective cocaine treatment is draw from the use of CBT and CM after the initial treatment of methadone. Research Question What is the best approach to treating cocaine addiction? Hypothesis People...
Words: 1307 - Pages: 6
...Research Problem and Method Paper University of Phoenix SOC/100 The social phenomenon that this author believes everyone is at least aware of by now would be Facebook. Since its global launch on February 4, 2004 it now has 70 different translation options, and more than 500 million active users. On average, about 700 billion minutes per month are logged onto facebook. Though founder Mark Zuckerburg is not the first to attempt a successful social networking site. What is it that pulls more people into Facebook versus MySpace? This is a perfect topic to research because of the global social effect it has taken on this Earth. For the first time in social network history, Facebook has become more than just friends keeping in touch with one another. For a free networking site, Facebook generates billions of dollars per year. This is because of more than 2.5 million websites have integrated with Facebook including over 80 of comScore's U.S. Top 100 websites and over half of comScore's Global Top 100 websites. It has been integrated into every aspect the world wide web. Now looking into it on a more basic level, when it comes to old friends and family members keeping up with one another, it seems everyone is doing it via Facebook. Keeping in touch with loved ones has become easier than older methods such as 20 minute phone calls and letters. Even troops overseas and in combat theatres are able to log in to keep in touch with loved ones. There are even stories of long lost family...
Words: 877 - Pages: 4
...Reflections on Individual Assignment 1 This document provides examples of student critiques prepared for individual assignment 1. I have selected examples of satisfactory and unsatisfactory critiques supplemented by some comments. Hopefully this will assist in preparing for the second individual assignment and the final exam. 1. Literature review (objectives and motives) Satisfactory critique Critique: Jones and Solomon (2010) do not explicitly mention the aim of their research, but rather refer to the nature of the research. This is not seen as a weak point as the authors make use of grounded theory in their study. The authors do however identify their motivation of conducting this research quite well by stating: “However, to our knowledge, there has been little research (...)” (pp. 21). Furthermore, the authors link their motives to prior research by stating that there has been a lack of interview-based work in prior research (Ball et al, 2000; Deegan et al, 2006; O’Dwyer and Owen, 2005). I do see this link as a strong point in contrast to the objective of this article. The objective of this article is not clearly formulated. The authors mention: “We address the fundamental question on (...)” (p.21). However, immediately afterwards they state: “In addition, we shed light on several important questions such as (...)” (p.21). These additions are not related to previously identified questions by the authors but to the themes that derived from the interviews in this study. Therefore...
Words: 2884 - Pages: 12
...involves the collection of data by using different methods of data-collecting tools. There are two methods for collecting data in scientific research: primary data collection method and secondary data collection. Primary data are sets of data researchers collect from participants and secondary data are sets of data researchers collect from literatures, document from precedent researches and using internet. Primary data collection for quantitative studies consists of interviews, questionnaire survey and observational method. But here the researcher used questionnaire survey to collect data. A total of 25 participants were selected using convenience sampling method. Participants included first, second, third...
Words: 1127 - Pages: 5
...and Qualitative Research Most of the people who are conducting a research are not aware of the difference between qualitative and quantitative method, these two terms are the most important element in a research. Many mistakes are made since most people think that they can use both elements interchangeably. Both methods have their own explanation, although two of them are used in a research but they can’t be used together in one research. Catherine M. Castellan (2010, Vol. 2, No. 2, p. 4) assumes that “quantitative and qualitative research programs claim different philosophical perspectives, and correspondingly, work with different underlying assumptions.” A research of “Qualitative versus Quantitative Methods: Understanding Why Qualitative Methods are superior for Criminology and Criminal Justice” is made by Richard Tewksbury, University of Louisville on a Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology, Vol. 1 (1) 2009. In this research of criminology and criminal justice, Richard Tewksbury (2009, Vol. 1) stated that “because of the unique contributions – depth of understandings being primary -- that qualitative methods can provide it is argued that such approaches should be used more frequently, be more frequently and strongly valued and seen as unique, often superior approaches to the creation of criminological and criminal justice knowledge.” A quantitative research is an explanatory research that’s mainly used to identify a problem in a research by converting it...
Words: 1016 - Pages: 5
...Marketing Research Tools Paper MKT/441 September 10, 2012 Marketing Research Tools Paper Companies utilize various tools when performing market research whether doing primary or secondary research. For the purpose of this paper, different research tools will be discussed as well as the differences between primary and secondary research when applying qualitative or quantitative methods. It is vital for companies to research whether a new product or an existing one will make a hit on the market. Company’s may even want to grow geographically and need to know whether the investment is a prudent one. The dynamics of a business and their target markets can be impacted by change whether it is a new organization or an existing one. Primary and Secondary Market Research There are two different types of market research, primary and secondary. Primary research or field research is the most frequently used method. Primary market research is customized to meet specific needs of the business can be handled within the company or outsourced to a marketing firm. Focus groups, surveys, interviews and observations are good examples of primary market research methods. These particular tools are utilized to evaluate distinct issues that are of key interest to the organization and where feedback is required to carry out a strategic action plan. On the other hand secondary market research is founded on information gathered from reports that existed before the original evaluation of...
Words: 919 - Pages: 4
...Current Business Research Project Paper There are many different ways to conduct research in business. One of the forms that will be written about here is qualitative research. The paper will be written on the following paper Define the business research and its purpose This paper shows the qualitative research on international trade and development. It shows the development of sales strategies in the international environment. It also shows what social and cultural differences occur when creating a sales strategy in a foreign environment. It also shows how difficult to conduct business in other countries, due to the ethical, cultural and religious values of other countries. Explain the Business Problems under Investigation The problem seen in the paper is developing business in other countries. This is mainly due to the development of international trade. The development of business in foreign countries is made by cross cultural, economic and geographical differences. These differences tell us that individuals in other countries will react differently to those here in the United States of America. Describe the Data Collection methods used in the Research Project One of the research methods in this paper is an in depth interview. This type of research is different from a focus group because it is a one on one interview. So the information gathered is more in depth and more information can be gathered. The number of interviews can be small or large. The interviewee...
Words: 387 - Pages: 2
...Reporting qualitative evidence assignment (25%) This assignment consists of conducting a small qualitative research project and writing a report using the grounded theory approach. This paper should meet the requirements for reporting qualitative research and can be written individually or in pairs of students. The maximum number of words for this paper is 3000, excluding interview transcripts. The deadline for the paper is 30 March and must be submitted to Blackboard by 17h on that day. Each paper must include the name(s) of the author(s) clearly at the beginning. Read the assignment carefully! 1. Students must form groups of six individuals and choose a (student-related) research theme. A list of possible themes is provided below. Each group must e-mail the names of its members and the chosen theme to Daphne van Kleef before 11th of February. 2. Each group member will be interviewed by another group member. Within each group, students will break into three pairs, and each pair will develop a unique research question (different from the other pairs in the group) related to the chosen research theme. The three pairs make one topic lists which covers all the topics that need to be discussed. Interviews will be conducted based on these topic lists. The result will be six interviews, one for each group member. The transcripts of these interviews should be included in the research reports as appendixes (these will not contribute towards the word count). To keep the interviews manageable...
Words: 462 - Pages: 2
...Group B.3 Data Gathering Methods Questionnaires Term Paper For the Block Seminar Lectures of Business Research Methods in the Study Program ´International Business´ of the ESB Business School Reutlingen University Jannik Mahr Student enrolment number: 732036 Semester: IB3 Email address: jannik.mahr@student-reutlingen.university.de Phone number: +49 173 5138366 Ismail Hossain Student enrolment number: 732031 Semester: IB3 Email address: ismail.hossain@student-reutlingen.university.de Phone number: 0176 30602548 Date: 05.10.2014 Supervision: Prof. Dr. Anna Göddeke Reutlingen, 05.10.2014 Introduction The questionnaire is most frequently a very brief, preplanned set of questions designed to output specific information to meet a special need for research information about a relevant topic. The research information is obtained from respondents usually from a related interest field. Questionnaires are often used in conducting quantitative research, where the novice researcher wants to profile the sample in terms of numbers or to be able to count the frequency of occurrence of opinions, attitudes, experiences, processes, behaviors, or predictions. Finally we can say that, questionnaire is a set of questions for gathering information from Individuals. Its can administer questionnaires by mail, telephone, taking face-to-face interviews, as handouts or electronically (i.e.by email or through Web-based questionnaires). The process by which the researcher...
Words: 420 - Pages: 2
...are some potential methods of researching violence against women? Specifically, what are ways in which violence against women could be studied using interpretative and critical frameworks? What would you change and why? What different types of information would you likely obtain using this research process? Methods of researching violence against women One of the potential methods of researching violence against women is through interviewing. The way an interview is conducted affects the likelihood of the respondents to report incidents that are distressing. One should consider the gender of the interviewer, special training in sensitive interviewing and privacy during the interview. The presence of a violent partner in the room where the woman is being interviewed reduces the reporting of the violence (Walby & Myhill, 2001). Dedicated surveys can also be used to research violence against women since they focus on the issue of violence against women and facilitate a further number of methodological adjustments, reduce the time spent on such questions and remove the potentially restrictive crime context. Face-to-face interviews, telephone, self-completion on a computer and using postal questionnaires can be used to conduct surveys (Walby & Myhill, 2001). Interpretive and critical frameworks Violence against women can be studied using the quantitative and qualitative methods. The qualitative method is from an interpretive framework. The qualitative method gathers information...
Words: 582 - Pages: 3
...Quantitative Critical Appraisal To commence this quantitative analysis the start point was to formulate a robust quantitative question in order to provide direction for the literature search. Newell & Burnard (2006) suggest that a strong question informs the research design, research method, the population, the intervention and the outcomes of interest. There are three factors for focusing questions 1. Facilitating the search for relevant evidence, 2. deciding whether the evidence is applicable to the group in question, and 3. sorting best evidence from weaker, less valid evidence (LoBiondo-Wood et al, 2002). The question was framed around the elements of PICO; standing for “patients,” “intervention,” “comparison,” and “outcome” (Boston University Medline Plus, 2000a; Craig & Smyth, 2002). The PICO approach was developed around Evidence-Based Medicine (Richardson & Wilson, 1997), and was therefore designed for clinical studies, it can though be adapted to any research context. | | |People, patients or population - who are you asking the question about? | |Intervention - what intervention are you interested in? | |Control or comparison - what are you comparing the intervention to? ...
Words: 4518 - Pages: 19
...regarding submission of research proposal on “new notebook launching of WALTON” Dear Sir, It’s a great pleasure for us to have the opportunity to submit a research proposal titled “proposal for new notebook launching of WALTON” which had been a great experience for us to work with field survey and research of focused market for this new product. We tried utmost to make & let it look like a professional one. Any shortcomings are expected to have a kind view for our encouragement. Thank you for your sincere & honest try to let us make easy & get familiar with proposal submission for conducting research in favour of this renowned company. Our efforts will be valued, if this term paper can serve for what it’s been meant for & our assistance will be there for any queries. Sincerely yours, Students of Group - DARKSPY MBA 13th Batch Strategic and International Management Department of Management Studies, University of Dhaka Executive summary: This research proposal has been done by DARKSPY members on the favor of WALTON Hi-tech industries ltd. which is going to launching notebook computer in the markets. Walton focused particular market segment basically, college and university students and their families to market that notebook computer. Our group has come to know about the advertisement of WALTON about submitting research proposal for launching notebook. However, we made up mind to prepare a research proposal on behalf of the WALTON. This research proposal was the partial...
Words: 3032 - Pages: 13
...and quantitative research. In qualitative research, symbols and words are used to indicate the presence or absence of a phenomenon and categorizing the phenomenon into different types. Conversely, quantitative research uses numerical indicators to determine the relative size of a particular phenomenon. The methods used in quantitative research give high levels of measurement precision and statistical power. Stakeholders in businesses perceive things differently. As such, people tend to choose different aspects and focus their attention on what is familiar and important to them. Further, perception occurs due to people’s ability to choose some stimuli while...
Words: 1461 - Pages: 6
...in week five. Coughlan, M., Cronin, P., Ryan, F. (2007), Step-by-step guide to critiquing research. Part 1: Quantitative research. British Journal of Nursing, 16(11), 658-663. This article provides a step-by-step approach to understanding research terminology and provides the nurses with a basis for understanding quantitative research. The article points out that being able to read nursing research is the first step in incorporating evidence based best practices into nursing care. As referred to in the article, each stage of the process must be thoroughly examined and this article walks the inexperienced nurse through the process. Duffy, J. R. (2005). Critically appraising quantitative research. Nursing & Health Sciences, 7(4), 281-283. doi:10.1111/j.1442-2018.2005.00248.x Critical appraisal of quantitative research is important to evidence-based practice. It allows a clinician to determine whether a study is scientifically rigorous. This article describes critical appraisal as a careful process of judging the worth of a quantitative study that guide clinical decisions, as well as a structured approach for understanding the strengths and weaknesses of a study. The author describes the process of implementing research appraisal. The author also provides multiple links to critical appraisal tools. Flemming, K. (2010). Synthesis of quantitative and qualitative research: an example using Critical Interpretive Synthesis. Journal Of Advanced Nursing, 66(1), 201-217...
Words: 1157 - Pages: 5
