Free Essay

Methods Paper

In: Philosophy and Psychology

Submitted By rankins351
Words 1100
Pages 5
Methods Paper
PSY/335
Professor Corey Vigdor
June 15, 2015

Methods Paper

The average American is addicted to something, drinking, smoking, drug abuse, sex, porn, etc. Our proposal is the effect of underage drinking. To start it off people drink to socialize, celebrate and even relax. Alcohol is a big consumer in the United States and it has a different effect on different people varying throughout history. In high school, the vast majority of the teenagers are always looking to try new things. Among the new things has come alcohol, after all they always want to do something that they can’t or aren’t supposed to do. Taking a deeper look into the effect alcohol has on underage teenagers in high school, it has changed their academic achievement, as well as an increased teen dropout rate.
Sampling is an important component to any piece of research because it has a significant impact on the quality of the results. The type of sampling being used is population; this is different in research then compared to how we consider the population under normal circumstances. In sampling, population signifies the units that are being studied. The units can be people, cases, and pieces of data, so for our proposal the unit being studied is the underage teenagers who drink while in high school.
During this proposal the uses of descriptive statistics have been used. Descriptive statistics is the term given to the analysis of the data that ultimately helps explain, or summarize the meaning of the data. Descriptive statistic do not however, allow us to make conclusions beyond data that has been analyzed or reach conclusions to any particular hypothesis, it is merely a description of data. The data taken from this analysis is from one population, high school teenagers with issues dealing with underage drinking. During this research, we hope to receive results that will support our hypothesis. “According to the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and health, 35.1 percent of 15 year olds report that they have had at least one drink in their lives, and about 8.7 million people between the ages of 12-20 reported drinking alcohol in the past month” (National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, n.d.).

Our research involves the relationship between teenagers that have used alcohol on various occasions. The focus and goal is to find out why teenagers felt the need to use a restricted and illegal when underage substance. Underage drinking is when anyone under the minimum legal drinking age of 21 drinks alcohol. This is a risk that attracts so many developing adolescents and teens. What they don’t realize is when they try alcohol; there are damaging effects that can be left on their lives, their families and even their communities. The younger the person was to being a teen and drinking we feared that it would be advantageous on their memory. Memory is a very important thing in our lives and for the research it means being exact. Avoiding any possible bias or random errors, we had to ask questions that would allow us to elude circumstances that could trigger memories that could ultimately affect the participant’s answers. “According to the 2013 NSDUH, approximately 5.4 million people from ages of 12-20 engage in binge drinking and about 1.4 million people from ages 12-20 engage in heavy drinking” (National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, n.d.).
The study done on underage drinking could become very important because it could analyze the behavior of the youth in the U.S. This knowledge could sway the decision of public officials and which laws are effective and which are not. The point is to figure out what influences youth and what deters youth, politicians and political scientist can pinpoint how to define the laws and regulations. This could ultimately reduce crime rates, reduce illegal activities, and increase graduation rate and increase academic success.
The variables in an experiment under the scientific method are the factors that are being tested. There are three types of variables independent (I.V.), Dependent (D.V.) and controlled variable. The independent variable is the change that is happening that is directly caused by the experimenter, and the dependent variable is the changes that are occurring because of the independent variables. Lastly, we have the controlled variable which is something that can influence the dependent variable. Controlled variables must always be closely monitored and kept equal in the experiment otherwise they could mess up the experiment by making the results false or unreliable. We manipulate the I.V.s to see their change in relationship to the D.V. So in our experiment we are testing the effects of drinking on a number of student and their academic achievement and dropout rate. The dependent variable is the decrease in academic achievement and dropout rate of underage drinkers (because that’s the measurable element that is being tested), the independent variable is how much the student drinks (because the experimenter is able to change this factor to see its effect on the D.V.) how long they have been drinking, how much they drink, etc. The controlled variable would be adding underage drinkers that come from a family of drinkers compared to drinkers that do not.
Alcohol has been considered the most frequently drug used by teenagers in the United States. Statistics regarding those teens that use alcohol are junior high school and senior high school students, and is believed that they drink alcohol on a weekly and monthly basis, and that at least14% of teens have experienced being intoxicated at least once in the past year.
The risks of underage drinking have always been vastly stated and include death, serious injuries, impaired judgement, increased risk for physical and sexual assault as well as brain development problems all over the United States. We may never be able to research enough to find out what causes underage drinking. We may research now and years to come, however being proactive in keeping up the fight to encourage not only our own teenagers not to drink, but to be an advocate for other teenagers. If we can reach out and prevent one teenager from drinking underage, we may have just created a domino effect that will trickle down to others, as well as save some lives.

References

National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (n.d.). Underage Drinking. Retrieved from http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/special-populations-co-occurring-disorders/underage-drinking

Medicine Net.com. (1996-2015). Retrieved from http://www.medicinenet.com/alcohol_and_teens/article.htm

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Method Research Paper

...Health and Wellness in the Workplace and the effect on Productivity Employee health and wellness is an ever-increasing topic of discussion amongst organizational leadership. A corporate wellness program is program within an organization that actively promotes a healthy lifestyle through education and the encouragement of a healthy lifestyle possibly through incentives. “The benefits of workplace wellness programs have been widely touted: they are known to improve productivity and can cut absenteeism by reducing the number of personal and sick days used” (Atkins, 2009, para. 1). The author of this paper will explore why health and wellness and workplace productivity would be a desirable topic to research and why it is a sociological phenomenon, the methods and designs used to research the topic, and finally present the design plan for conducting the research. Health and wellness in the workplace would be desirable for any organization that is concerned about the well-being of the workforce and the output of the individuals. In a recent study published April 2009 issue of the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, the study found that: - Due to unhealthy employees who are absent or continue to work even while ill (so called "presenteeism"), organizations incur $2.30 in productivity losses for each dollar spent on health care and pharmacy costs. - When considering lost productivity along with medical and pharmaceutical costs, the most...

Words: 1027 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Critque Paper Methods

...CRITIQUING A RESEARCH PAPER Student's Name: Elements of the Critique: 1. TITLE: 3. ABSTRACT 4. INTRODUCTION & REVIEW of LITERATURE: 5. MATERIALS & METHODS 6. RESULTS 7. DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION, 8. REFERENCES 9. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS & IMPLICA TIONS 2. AUTHOR(s) Instructions: For each of the 39 items below respond using one of the following three options: - S for “Satisfactory” - Detailed comments concerning elements critiqued. A simple "No" is not sufficient. You must explain why the element is open to criticism. - ITJ for "Incompetent To Judge" and indicate the person in your own setting form whom you would obtain a valid opinion. The number of points assigned to each element is proportional to the number of elements that can be critiqued in each section (see decimal points in parentheses next to each item number). If you need more space to answer, please use the back of the page. Reference: Bordage G. Considerations on Preparing a Paper for Publication. Teaching and Learning in Medicine. 1989. 1(1):47-52. I. TITLE 1. (.33) The title correctly represents the content and breath of the study reported: the title is not misleading. 2. (.33) The title is clear, concise and gives importance to the study; the title captures the attention of the reader. If not suggest a title. II. AUTHOR(S) _ 3. (.33) The titles (diploma. appointment) and address of the author(s) are clearly indicated: the author(s) credentials can be appreciated. III. ABSTRACT 4. (.33) The abstract...

Words: 1007 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Research Method Paper

...academic problem constitutes what we call ‘research’. This research question posed by the researcher and the methodology that he adopts to get solutions is the most valuable part of the research work. Research is a careful and detailed study into a specific problem, concern, or issue using the scientific method. It's the adult form of the science fair projects back in elementary school, where we try and learn something by performing an experiment. This is best accomplished by turning the issue into a question, with the intent of the research to answer the question. In the Code of Federal Regulations (45 CFR 46.102(d)) pertaining to the protection of human subjects research is defined as: “A systematic investigation ( i.e., the gathering and analysis of information) designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge.” The National Academy of Sciences states that the object of research is to “extend human knowledge of the physical, biological, or social world beyond what is already known.” Research is different than other forms of discovering knowledge (like reading a book) because it uses a systematic process called the Scientific Method. The Scientific Method consists of observing the world around you and creating a hypothesis about relationships in the world. A hypothesis is an informed and educated prediction or explanation about something. Part of the research process involves testing the hypothesis , and...

Words: 708 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods Paper

...Running head: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS PAPER Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods Paper Obbie Brown University: Course: Tutor: Date: Appropriate Academic Research An appropriate academic research can be defined as the research and the experimental developments which comprise creative works which are conducted on a systematic basis with an aim of increasing the pool of an individual’s or a group’s knowledge. The knowledge could include the in-depth knowledge of mankind, culture and the society. The stock of knowledge is then used to devise alternative solutions to the existing problems (Brew & Lucas, 2009). Quantitative Research Quantitative form of research is predetermined and involves a large number of respondents. It involves objective measurements which are both quantitative and are statistically valid. Quantitative research entails hard and objective data. Quantitative research seeks to quantify data and generalize the results from the predetermined sample to the target population. It also aims at measuring the incidence of various views and opinions in a given sample (Balnaves & Caputi, 2001). Qualitative Research Qualitative research involves the collection, analysis and interpretation of data through the application of the observatory techniques as well as listening to peoples’ opinions. While quantitative research entails the counts and measures of phenomena, the qualitative research...

Words: 1081 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Scientific Method and Steps in Scientific Inquiry Paper

...Scientific Method and Steps in Scientific Inquiry Paper Monique Reed BSHS/435 February 22, 2015 Dora Baker Scientific Method and Steps in Scientific Inquiry Paper In this paper in will provide details on how scientific methods can be used in the Human services. Explaining the steps of scientific methods, and how it serves as an important key to Human services professionals. Each steps will be included on how they are define and what purpose it serves will scientific methods are applied. Human services professionals use the scientific methods to gain information on the client as well as how to approach the clients issues. Also researching other resources to meet the needs of the client to ensure the client is receiving accurate help. Scientific Method Scientific method is a method that used to research and study that involves investigation and evaluation of present or future problems. Scientific method helps with produce the right answers to questions that cannot be answered with common sense alone. Researchers can use scientific methods to exploit all the facts, evidence, opinions, and records to find the right plan. As a Human service professional using scientific method can help with identifying the solution of the client’s problem and finding a resolution to ensure it will help to rebuild the client’s life. No matter field an individual is in when it concerns Human services, research will always be needed to ensure self-thoughts, bias, and ones on solution is not...

Words: 1047 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Scientific Method and Steps in Scientific Inquiry Paper

...Scientific method and steps in scientific inquiry paper BSHS 435 Mary Evitt January 11 2016 Introduction In this essay, I will define the scientific method, and how it relates to the human service research process. I will explain what the steps are in the scientific method of inquiry or research process, and why must each of the steps being included to support the scientific method. I will discuss how the scientific research method was applied in the article that I chose to complete my research on. I will summarize how scientifically profound research meaning referring to scientific method supports the function of human service manager. Scientific method When defining the scientific method and how it relates the human service research process, when using the scientific method in research you are gathering answers that you do not know about the subject. Using the scientific method is the best way to discover the truth from lies and disillusion. As a human service professional you will work with many clients that will come to you with many different problems wanting your guidance, using the Scientific method you will help guide your clients in the right direction and find the right solution to their problem. The steps in the scientific method There are six steps in the scientific method to help researchers “identifying a problem that defines the goal of research, make a prediction that, if confirmed, resolves the problem, gather data relevant to this prediction...

Words: 1026 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Methods Paper

...Team B Methods Paper The goal of standardized testing is to evaluate student ability with a uniform, non-biased instrument. They have “been shown to predict students’ future educational attainment and adult employment and income” (Trafton, 2013, para. 2). First used in Imperial China for determining suitable employees for the government of the ruling class (Do standardized tests show an accurate view of students’ abilities, 2012), the standardized test as we know it now is a result of an open letter to the public by the U.S. Department of Education entitled, “A Nation At Risk: The Imperative For Educational Reform”, that was released in 1983 (Jolley, 2014). The SAT, an aptitude test typically taken by high school juniors and seniors, was started in 1926 and has been modified multiple times to eradicate any evidence of bias and contain no references to content outside the classroom (Bauerlein, 2015). The demand for removing bias has led to one of the reasons for opposition to standardized testing; teaching to the test. Educators feel stripped of autonomy (Jolley, 2014), and that this type of curriculum does not encourage critical thinking skills. Supporters of standardized testing, however, believe that they hold teachers and schools accountable to taxpayers by being able to measure student achievement and be judged according to student performance (Do standardized tests show an accurate view of students' abilities, 2012). The goal of this study is not make an argument for...

Words: 1346 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Res 531 – Research Methods – Complete Class Includes All Assignments and Final Project Paper

...RESEARCH METHODS – Complete Class Includes All Assignments and Final Project Paper Purchase here http://homeworkonestop.com/RES%20531/res-531-research-methods-complete-class-includes-all-assignments-and-final-project-paper Product Description RES 531 Week 2 Assignment 1 – Topic Selection RES 531 Week 3 Assignment 2 – Context of the Problem RES 531 Week 4 Assignment 3 – The Problem Statement RES 531 Week 6 Assignment 4 – Research Questions RES 531 Week 7 Assignment 5 – Significance of the Study RES 531 Week 8 Assignment 6 – Research Design and Methodology RES 531 Week 9 Assignment 7 – Organization of the Study RES 531 Week 10 Assignment 8 – Tentative Reference List RES 531 Week 11 Research Proposal Paper – Final Project Paper RES 531 – RESEARCH METHODS – Complete Class Includes All Assignments and Final Project Paper Purchase here http://homeworkonestop.com/RES%20531/res-531-research-methods-complete-class-includes-all-assignments-and-final-project-paper Product Description RES 531 Week 2 Assignment 1 – Topic Selection RES 531 Week 3 Assignment 2 – Context of the Problem RES 531 Week 4 Assignment 3 – The Problem Statement RES 531 Week 6 Assignment 4 – Research Questions RES 531 Week 7 Assignment 5 – Significance of the Study RES 531 Week 8 Assignment 6 – Research Design and Methodology RES 531 Week 9 Assignment 7 – Organization of the Study RES 531 Week 10 Assignment 8 – Tentative Reference List RES 531 Week 11 Research Proposal Paper – Final...

Words: 1071 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Motivational Methods Paper

...Motivational Methods Paper Lakisha Wells HCS 325 April 14, 2012 Cecelia Sawyer Motivational Methods Paper Motivation is used in a managing concept to define strengths inside individual that explain...

Words: 823 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Costing Methods Paper

...Running head: COSTING METHODS PAPER Costing Methods Paper Marsha Pettus University of Phoenix Accounting ACC/561 Bethany Kessel November 27, 2013 Costing Methods Paper Super Bakery, Inc. was founded by Franco Harris, formerly of the Pittsburgh Steelers, in 1990. The corporation supplies healthy, vitamin enriched doughnuts and other baked goods, out of an initial desire to make a difference in the institutional food market by targeting school systems nationwide (Kimmel, 2009). While, the company experiences positive growth since its inception, Super Bakery is at the point where it needs to explore a costing system that can establish a more accurate product costing method that can, at minimum, improve control of overhead costs. What strategies did the management of Super Bakery, Inc. use? Formed as a virtual corporation, Super Bakery designed a business model that performs key strategic planning and business functions in-house while outsourcing all manufacturing components as a cost reductions strategy. Super Bakery successfully maximizes profits by outsourcing all other components such as sales, manufacturing, warehousing, and shipping to external companies (All Business, 2012). As a result, Super Bakery watched its profits successfully grow, on an annual basis by 20%, since its inception in 1990. Why did Super Bakery’s management think it was necessary to install an ABC system? Super Bakery, Inc. believed it was necessary...

Words: 915 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Pillow Method Paper

...Pillow Method Paper The pillow method is a five-step process used to resolve a disagreement or enable two people to gain understanding from a disagreement. The process involves each individual to look at the problem through five different perspectives. These steps or perspectives include: “I’m right you’re wrong”, “You’re right I’m wrong”, “both right both wrong”, “this issue isn’t important”, and “the truth is in all perspectives” (Alder & Proctor, p. 104). The purpose of the pillow method is for each person to gain insight from each step in the process. By looking at the problem from multiple perspectives each person gets the chance to enhance their cognitive complexity (Alder & Proctor, p. 104). In this paper I will apply the pillow method to a disagreement a coworker and I had over the new gun control laws that are being proposed by our government. While my co-worker believes that the government is trying to take away our rights by proposing new gun laws, I however believe that there should be changes made to the current laws put in place. I believe applying the pillow method to any argument will result in either a resolution or a better understanding between the two parties involved. “I’m right you’re wrong”: This step involves me stating the reasons why I believe that I am right and explaining my point of view on the subject (Alder & Proctor, p. 104). There are several reasons that I believe that there should be new gun...

Words: 1342 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Motivation Methods Paper

...Motivational Methods Paper HCS 325 - Health Care Management Monday, September 19, 2011 Motivational Methods Paper Motivation has been defined as the "willingness to exert effort to achieve the organization's goals, conditioned by this effort's ability to satisfy individual needs" (Kamery, 2004, pp. 91-92). Motivation in a true sense is an art work in that it is a process of being able to change one's willingness to exert effort. This willingness sets the foundation of motivation. Over the course of this paper I will discuss three motivational methods job design, human needs, and based on process; a goal-setting theory in which managers can apply to create an environment for employees to exert their efforts in the workplace. I will also discuss how implementing such motivational methods can affect the organization. The first motivational method I will discuss is motivating through job design. Although monetary compensation often accounts for the motivation behind some individuals work efforts, it is not the sole motivator, but it may be because of self-satisfaction which motivates an individual. Motivating through job design permits creating or defining specific jobs or duties tailored to an individual or group of individuals. Managers often design jobs that encourage employees to become skilled, accurate, and efficient at their assigned task. This in itself is motivation. A sense of accomplishment leads to feeling satisfied. It is through this satisfaction...

Words: 1112 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

Methods of Evangelism Paper

...EVAN 101-B23 LUO 10/10/11 Methods of Evangelism Paper Part ONE - Evangelistic Method #1 The Four Spiritual Laws is an intellectual method of evangelism, which, as it’s title suggests, identifies four spiritual laws that direct an individual’s relationship with God. It was created by Dr. Bill Bright, founder of Campus Crusade for Christ, in 1952. The four laws, as sited on CampusCrusade.com, are: (1) God loves you and offers a wonderful plan for your life. (2) Man is sinful and separated from God. Therefore, he cannot know and experience God’s love and plan for his life. (3) Jesus Christ is God’s only provision for man’s sin. Through Him you can know and experience God’s love and plan for your life. (4) We must individually receive Jesus Christ as Savior and Lord; then we can know and experience God’s love and plan for our lives. An advantage of this method is that it begins with positive note, “God loves you and offers a wonderful plan for your life,” which may cause non-Christians to be more receptive to the message. Due to the fall and sin, mankind is at variance with God (Ephesians 2:13-16) and there may be a tendency to reject a message concerning God without ever hearing the message. However, starting with such a positive introduction may cause an individual to “lower his guards” so he can hear the Gospel. Another advantage of this approach is that it can be easily communicated in print form and makes for a useful tract, especially considering the positive...

Words: 1440 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Motivational Methods Paper

...Motivational Methods Paper HCS/325 June 11, 2012 Susan Greenwood Motivational Methods Paper In this paper I have decided to tell you about three motivational techniques that I will implement into my staff. The three techniques that I will be going over are: targets, rewards, and incentives; make the work place fun; and using the P.E.R.F.O.R.M model to help increase potential. I will go into detail about what each technique entails and explain how each change will affect my organization. By the end of this paper you should have three more motivational techniques that you could consider for your organization as well. The first technique that we will be talking about is targets, rewards, and incentives. To do this you first have to know your team. In order to set out rewards and incentives you have to first understand what motivates your team and gets them set in working towards their goals that you have set out. The CV Centre. (1998-2012) states that “Motivating a team is always easier if you fully understand that they may not necessarily be motivated by the same things as you.  The most effective teams are those that feel valued and supported but also feel that they are progressing and developing through the completion of challenging tasks.  If a team understands company objectives, they are much more likely to want to work harder towards their achievement.  Also, most people tend to respond well to being given the opportunity to make decisions and take on additional responsibilities...

Words: 1355 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Motivational Method Paper

...Motivational Method Paper HCS/325 September 29, 2014 Lisa Jones Motivational can be define as strength inside and outside individual, which explains the path, level and determination of attempts that are used in a workplace. It is extremely important that a manger knows how to motivate and encourage their employees to function well. Whatever the employee considers to value it will be one of employees most inspiration attempts. Talking openly about positive solutions to situations that arise within the workplace can help to turn a negative atmosphere into a positive one where all workers are encouraged to talk about what is important to them (Graham & Weiner, 1996). I will discuss a few motivational methods that can be used as a manager and how the organization will be affected by the change. The first method would be providing opportunities for employee’s learning and development. Striving to make ways for employees to continually enhance their knowledge and develop new abilities at all times is always a plus. Job relocations help with continuing education, and on the job preparation classes are learning environment to promote. It is important for an organization to promote internally within the company. When it is suitable and devotes the time and effort in helping educate employees so they can seize new advancement. With advancement many managers fear that by providing different levels of training the employee may leave them and take the experience to a different...

Words: 912 - Pages: 4