...UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI KARACHI (EXAMINATIONS DEPARTMENT) Candidates bearing the following seat numbers are hereby declared to have Passed B.A. Part- II & Both Parts (External) Annual Examination 2009. Positions in order of merit as per rules. Seat Nos. 115285 Name Father’s Name MUJEEB -UR-REHMAN S/O SYED ABDUL KLARIM SHAH ZEESHAN KHAN S/O FREZAM KHAN MUHAMMAD IKHLAQ S/O NOOR AHMAD Marks Obtained 775/1000 Position Stands First 115785 747/1000 Stands Second 115438 730/1000 Stands Third FIRST DIVISION SEAT NOS 115006 115011 115012 115033 115067 115134 115198 115253 115305 115347 115402 115425 115451 115489 115514 115571 115654 115697 115767 115041 115079 115150 115203 115254 115314 115352 115403 115431 115457 115494 115521 115576 115663 115702 115772 115043 115083 115155 115217 115256 115321 115360 115404 115432 115460 115495 115535 115580 115669 115732 115785 115013 115057 115094 115173 115220 115267 115330 115366 115410 115434 115474 115505 115537 115607 115679 115734 115787 115022 115059 115109 115174 115242 115282 115338 115369 115413 115438 115478 115510 115540 115626 115683 115741 115788 115026 115062 115131 115182 115244 115285 115339 115379 115416 115442 115485 115511 115564 115627 115685 115752 115803 115027 115063 115133 115184 115250 115302 115346 115388 115420 115450 115488 115512 115569 115632 115696 115764 115809 Page 1 / 26 115812 115906 115978 116011 116040 116091 116118 116139 116167 116207 116231 116273 116311 116368...
Words: 5867 - Pages: 24
...Macroenvironmental Influences on Marketing Decision Making The retail sector is very huge sector in the UK Market. Retail covers the whole lot from the small village shop where the shop proprietor recognizes every shopper by name, to the London Oxford Streets giant department stores. The Retail industry range includes the shop where you walk into to purchase, to the shops where you can explore with a keyboard and mouse. As per Department of T rade and Industry’s commissioned report in 2003, £221bn topped in the UK after retail sales, and also provides jobs to around three million people and contributed 12% in the whole UK economy . We society is consumer-driven society , where shopping represents a lot more a hobby than an actual requirement to purchase products. ABOUT TESCO T esco, among the globe’s leading multinational retailers and a top retail store chain in the UK. In 1919 T esco was founded by Jack Cohen, at that time Cohen started to sell extra grocery items from a stall in the East End of London. Against his first day’s £4 sale he gained £1 profit. The T esco brand first time appeared in 1924. The brand `TESCO`, came about after Jack Cohen purchased shipment of tea from the supplier T .E. Stockwell. He made new labels by using the first three letters of the supplier's name (TES) and (CO) from his sir name forming the name "TESCO”. The first brand which was sold by the T esco was “T esco T ea” in 1924. The first T esco store was started in 1929 at Burnt...
Words: 1474 - Pages: 6
...link macro-environment (noun) DEFINITION OF MACRO-ENVIRONMENT Larger societal forces that affect the micro-environment. EXAMPLES OF MACRO-ENVIRONMENT IN THE FOLLOWING TOPICS: Scanning and Analysis All organizations should continuously appraise their situation and adjust their strategy to adapt to the environment. One technique used by organizations to monitor the environment is known as environmental scanning. It allows marketers to understand the current state of the environment, so that the organization can predict trends. The Macro Environment There are a number of common approaches for how the external factors, which describe the macro environment, can be identified and examined. The segmentation of the macro environment according to the six presented factors of the PESTEL analysis is the starting point of the global environmental analysis. Environmental scanning is one technique used by organizations to monitor the environment. The Dynamic Environment It is important to place equal emphasis on both the macro and micro-environment and to react accordingly to changes within them. The Marketing Environment Two key levels of the marketing environment are the micro-environment and the macro-environment. The Micro-environment The micro-environment includes the company itself, its suppliers, marketing intermediaries, customer markets, and competitors. The company aspect of micro-environment refers to the internal environment of the company. The Macro-environment...
Words: 703 - Pages: 3
...answer addresses all parts of a multiple-part question • Your answer includes terms and concepts from the text • Your answer includes examples from the case f. Please see the rubric for each management case for specific question requirements |Q |Full Credit |75% Credit |50% Credit |25% Credit | | |22 points |16 points |11points |6 points | |1. |All six micro-environmental |Four micro-environmental |Three micro-environmental |One micro-environmental factor | | |factors are listed. Examples |factors are listed. Examples of|factors are listed. Examples of|is listed. Examples of the | | |of each factor and how they...
Words: 689 - Pages: 3
...HNC BusinessUnit 4 Marketing Principles Learning outcome 2 Micro & Macro Environment Objectives of presentation • Discover the micro marketing environment (internal) • Discover the macro marketing environment (PEST FACTORS-external) • Explain ‘The Marketing Audit’ and how the elements influence marketing decisions Integrated Marketing Integrated marketing strategies take advantage of a combination of communication tools and media to spread a message such as one-to-one marketing, mass marketing and direct marketing. The strategy is developed to ensure the company will deliver the intended value to those customers through a blend of marketing mix tools. Example of an Integrated Marketing Plan Environmental Analysis Environmental analysis is a vital exercise to complete by any company that will explore and understand the external local, national or international forces that might affect your business. The factors are largely outside the direct control of any company and can sometimes have a negative impact on their plans. Equally this can be very important as it will support the business and marketing strategy allowing the company to take advantage of potential opportunities whilst minimising the potential threats to the company. The Marketing Environment According to Philip Kotler, “A company’s marketing environment consists of the internal factors & forces, which affect the company’s ability to develop & maintain successful...
Words: 601 - Pages: 3
...iBM 1. 2. Analyze IBM strategies, to remix their businesses in order to move to the emerging higher-value spaces, in Macro and Micro environment level 3. IBM strategy PESTEL analysis in Macro level Five forces analysis in Micro level Recommendation Conclusion SOWT analysis Complexity analysis 4. o IBM understood Value was shifting in the IT industry, driven by the rising tide of global integration, a new computing paradigm and new client needs. o Economies of developing nations were growing rapidly, driven by historic investments in fundamental business infrastructure. Enterprises were looking to tap skills and expertise available all over the world and to integrate their operations globally. o Change in computing architecture was rippling across the data center and the network, along with a proliferation of technology infused into all aspects of work and life. Companies were seeking to integrate advanced technology with their business processes and operations, not only to reduce costs, but to enable innovation and growth. o IBM remixed their businesses in order to move to the emerging higher- value spaces by focusing on software and IT industry. IBM Strategies 5. IBM Strategies Hardware And Services Software IBM sold the personal computing department To Lenovo 6. PESTEL Analysis for Macro environment factors Social Political Technological Environmental Economic Legislative 7. Iraq War in 2003, affected world economy, and IBM stock fell down. Technology affects directly...
Words: 1417 - Pages: 6
...Marketing Principles All organisations will use some sort of marketing. Marketing is there so an organisation can find out what their customers’ needs are, and how these can be met. In this manual I will be talking about John Lewis Marketing process. Having a good marketing department can help the John Lewis keep costs down. If the correct process is taken for marketing, it will eliminate the guessing and forecasting that are linked with trying to predict product trends and consumers demand for goods or services. when the organisation knows what they customers wants, they will all be able to provide the right type of product or service and will always have customers ready to purchase. All so having a good marketing department or team, will help a John Lewis build a loyal customer base and help with repeat custom. This is called brand loyalty; it is one of the main advantages of having a good marketing team. Marketing is usually defined as a process that identifies and predicts what the customer wants and then trying to satisfying the customers’ needs and making a profit by doing this. Every business or organisation will follow marketing plan or a marketing process. The marketing plan will serve as a wide range plan which will outline the organisations marketing efforts. Using the marketing process, John Lewis will have to find out what their customers want and what their needs are and what the business can do to meet their needs and demands. The...
Words: 3911 - Pages: 16
...Sales, Environmental Issues [Edit categories] View Slide Show * View Slide Show Related Questions * What is the difference between flyers and brochures? * Coca cola mission statement? * What is duplicate content? * The Difference Between Selling and Marketing? Answer: Marketing environment refers to the external factors that may affect a company. These can usually be split up into macro and micro analyses, where macro focuses on factors that affect the economy and industries as a whole, while micro focuses on factors within an industry, such as competition. Several tools are used to make sense of a company's business environment, such as PESTEL, SWOT, Market Life Cycle and Porters 5 forces. Market environment The market environment is a marketing term and refers to factors and forces that affect a firm’s ability to build and maintain successful relationships with customers.Three levels of the environmment are: Micro (internal) environment - small forces within the company that affect its ability to serve its customers. Meso environment – the industry in which a company operates and the industry’s market(s). Macro (national) environment - larger societal forces that affect the microenvironment.[1] Contents [hide] * 1 Micro-Environment (internal environment) * 2 Macro-Environment (external environment) * 3 Meso-Environment * 4 References * 5 External Resource Micro-Environment (internal environment) The micro environment...
Words: 327 - Pages: 2
...2001).The marketing environment is all the factors and forces outside the marketing department that would affect the mangers decisions. It is split into 2 sections: The Micro-environment and the Macro-Environment. These factors can bring opportunities or threats hence why managers need to ensure they are aware of them to ensure the company maximize sales and doesn’t go out of business (Baines et al, 2008). The main purpose of this report is to analyse how the Premier Inn marketing strategies relate to the current macro-environment. To enable me to critically analyse this I have taken the 3 forces; Economical, Technological and demographic. Firstly however I will review the theory on this topic. 2. MICRO-ENVIRONMENT The micro-environment forces can be summarised as the forces that directly affect the business (Armstrong et al, 2009). Evan’s (1988) believes that as they are directly affecting the business, they are much easier to identify than macro-forces which are ‘knock on effects’. The common micro-environment factors are: other departments (within the company), suppliers, marketing intermediaries, customers, competitors and public (Armstrong et al, 2009). The company will need to build relationships with these forces to enable them to sufficiently receive and provide information, create agreements that benefit both parties and to avoid negative publicity (Gillespie, 2011). 3. MACRO-ENVIRONMENT The macro-environment factors are the influences that indirectly affect...
Words: 1080 - Pages: 5
...Zoom In Zoom Out Page 1 of 2 Business Management Essay COMPANY: Starbucks Subject; “Discuss the impact macro factors may place upon your chosen organisation in the future (1-5 years) and how the organisation may positively manage this”. When speak from macro and micro perspective we must bear in mind that these are two different phenomenon’s. Micro factors can be described as factors that people and businesses keep in mind when making decisions concerning the allocation of resources, whereas macro factors can be described as the factors that are kept in mind when making decisions regarding not only specific companies but industries as a whole and economies, more over micro environmental factors are the one’s over which the business has control for example price, product and promotion whereas macro environmental factors are the one’s over which the business has no control as such as social, cultural, technological and political factors. Businesses operate in markets keeping in mind changing situations not only of their market conditions but also the trends of the economies that they operate in, so that they can adjust and survive in accordance with new situations because adaptation is a must for a business to survive and prosper otherwise a business might be forced to cease operations and shut down. Starbucks is one of top five(Caribou coffee, Tully’s ,Coffee bean and tea leaf, Peet’s Coffee) businesses in a $11 billion industry. The coffee house industry grew from merely...
Words: 511 - Pages: 3
...interest the new market youth. We will look at the micro and macro-environmental forces that can influence the marketing strategies for these products and services. We will look at whether marketers in these countries will use similar marketing strategies to influence this group or will their strategies be different from Western-based consumption marketers. Then we will take a look to see what opportunities for the U.S companies we might foresee. China and India are two of the world’s largest emerging markets that are growing rapidly. Our text states “As populations grow, so does consumer spending. As the percentage of the population of working age grows, so does economic stability. When a large share of a country's population is in the work force, that country sees income growth and high per-capita savings” (White, 2012). So as these countries grow we will see a significant increase in consumer spending. As these markets become wealthier we will see an increase in personal income growth for consumers which will increase their purchasing power. This can be an increase in food, housing accommodation, cars and energy etc... I think we will also see the younger market leaning towards branding and discretionary spending. “The most important factors in the micro environment are a firm’s competitive position and the composition of its customers. An operation has more influence on its micro environment than on the macro environment. Therefore, operators and marketers...
Words: 829 - Pages: 4
...1. What micro environmental factors have affected Target’s performance over the past few years? Target’s performance has been affected by a range of micro environmental factors. The major micro environmental factor was the drop in sales revenues and the dwindling profits. Wal-Mart’s sales were growing, and that meant that Target’s sales would go down since consumers preferred Wal-Mart for Target. The inability of Target’s managers to identify a solution to the problem of dropping sales and develop a viable course of action also affected Target’s performance. Another micro environmental factor was the thriftiness of customers all over America, which endeared them to Wal-Mart. The impatience of Target’s shareholders and the pressure they exerted on the company’s board to deliver was also a major factor. The marketing strategies that were adopted by the management also failed to turn things around. However hard the company tried, they were unable to establish a firm grip on the market. 2. What macro environmental factors have affected Target’s performance during that period? Target’s performance was affected by the global financial crisis that hit the world during that time. The crisis caused a fall in GDP and massive unemployment. This affected the buying habits of customers who then preferred to buy from Wal-Mart due to their legacy as a low-cost discounting store. Wal-Mart, Target’s main competitor, was attracting more customers because of its low-cost selling strategy. Consumption...
Words: 617 - Pages: 3
...Company Case: Prius: Leading a Wave of Hybrids 1. What micro-environmental factors affected both the first generation and second generation models of Toyota Prius? How well has to Toyota dealt with these factors? In order for the reader to have an understanding of this question is important to begin by defining Micro-environment. This term is a factor of the Marketing Environment and it consists of the issues that, in one way or another, affect the company's ability to serve its clientele in a close and direct way. This includes factors such as customers, suppliers, competitors, shareholders, employees and media (among others). Having this in mind, it could be safe to state that the micro-environmental factors affecting the first and second generation of the Toyota Prius are the customers and the competitors. Consumers, getting affected by the gas prices, were looking for an answer to their prayers. Toyota gave them the answer, a vehicle that would allow people to save on gas as well as provide good and efficient service. Once the first generation Prius was released, although not too pretty or fancy, it served to its purposed and customers were buying it. The other factor, competitors, is pretty obvious. Everybody wants a piece of the pie. Auto makers such as Honda started developing and/or implementing the hybrid system on some of their vehicles. Toyota's answer was to keep developing what already has been a success, the Prius. A second generation was developed and...
Words: 1243 - Pages: 5
...Doing Business In (Report) Leeds Metropolitan University Module: Global Business Context Doing Business In... Index 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 3 2. Justified country choice ................................................................................................ 3 3. Most important Characteristics seek by the company. ................................................. 4 4. How Australia fulfils the requirements. ....................................................................... 5 5. Relevant Aspects of the Australian Macro and Micro Environment............................ 6 5.1 Macro Environment. ............................................................................................... 6 5.2 Micro Environment................................................................................................. 6 6. Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 7 7. Bibliography ................................................................................................................. 8 Page 2 Doing Business In... 1. Introduction Firstly, the focus of this report will be to analyse conclusions from Global Business Context task 2 and with suitable references indicate the most appropriate country to export my student support agency service. Likewise the previous...
Words: 2514 - Pages: 11
...element of market. Price plays avital role in the market. Ups and downs in prices may also play avital role in the market. High prices may be caused to reduce the http://htmlimg4.scribdassets.com/5u16ur564gzgwb3/images/2-6cd3004f60.jpghttp://htmlimg4.scribdassets.com/5u16ur564gzgwb3/images/2-6cd3004f60.jpghttp://htmlimg4.scribdassets.com/5u16ur564gzgwb3/images/2-6cd3004f60.jpg customers. You have to select those prices in which customer willsatisfy. There is a relationship in quality and price. Pricing isdepending upon the product, distribution and promotion decision. Q 2: Explain Britvic’s micro & macro environment? ANSWER: MICRO ENVIRONMENT “Factors or elements in an organization immediatearea of opration that affects of performance and decision makingfreedom. These factors include competitors, customers,distribution channel, suppliers and the general public”.Micro environment is also called internal environment of thecompany by which the company can...
Words: 580 - Pages: 3
