...Micro and Macro Environmental factors. The marketing environment also impacts to the organization. This can be mainly classified in to two types as Micro Environment and Macro Environment. Micro Environmental Factors Customers Suppliers Banks and Financial Institutions Owners Competitors Public Customers These are the people who consume goods and services from the organization. This may be an individual or an organization purchases a product for its own consumption of the products, or an organization that purchases a product for resale at a profit. These people are most important people for an organization, because these are the people who generate revenues to our company. Suppliers These are the people who supplies factors...
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...UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI KARACHI (EXAMINATIONS DEPARTMENT) Candidates bearing the following seat numbers are hereby declared to have Passed B.A. Part- II & Both Parts (External) Annual Examination 2009. Positions in order of merit as per rules. Seat Nos. 115285 Name Father’s Name MUJEEB -UR-REHMAN S/O SYED ABDUL KLARIM SHAH ZEESHAN KHAN S/O FREZAM KHAN MUHAMMAD IKHLAQ S/O NOOR AHMAD Marks Obtained 775/1000 Position Stands First 115785 747/1000 Stands Second 115438 730/1000 Stands Third FIRST DIVISION SEAT NOS 115006 115011 115012 115033 115067 115134 115198 115253 115305 115347 115402 115425 115451 115489 115514 115571 115654 115697 115767 115041 115079 115150 115203 115254 115314 115352 115403 115431 115457 115494 115521 115576 115663 115702 115772 115043 115083 115155 115217 115256 115321 115360 115404 115432 115460 115495 115535 115580 115669 115732 115785 115013 115057 115094 115173 115220 115267 115330 115366 115410 115434 115474 115505 115537 115607 115679 115734 115787 115022 115059 115109 115174 115242 115282 115338 115369 115413 115438 115478 115510 115540 115626 115683 115741 115788 115026 115062 115131 115182 115244 115285 115339 115379 115416 115442 115485 115511 115564 115627 115685 115752 115803 115027 115063 115133 115184 115250 115302 115346 115388 115420 115450 115488 115512 115569 115632 115696 115764 115809 Page 1 / 26 115812 115906 115978 116011 116040 116091 116118 116139 116167 116207 116231 116273 116311 116368...
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...Macroenvironmental Influences on Marketing Decision Making The retail sector is very huge sector in the UK Market. Retail covers the whole lot from the small village shop where the shop proprietor recognizes every shopper by name, to the London Oxford Streets giant department stores. The Retail industry range includes the shop where you walk into to purchase, to the shops where you can explore with a keyboard and mouse. As per Department of T rade and Industry’s commissioned report in 2003, £221bn topped in the UK after retail sales, and also provides jobs to around three million people and contributed 12% in the whole UK economy . We society is consumer-driven society , where shopping represents a lot more a hobby than an actual requirement to purchase products. ABOUT TESCO T esco, among the globe’s leading multinational retailers and a top retail store chain in the UK. In 1919 T esco was founded by Jack Cohen, at that time Cohen started to sell extra grocery items from a stall in the East End of London. Against his first day’s £4 sale he gained £1 profit. The T esco brand first time appeared in 1924. The brand `TESCO`, came about after Jack Cohen purchased shipment of tea from the supplier T .E. Stockwell. He made new labels by using the first three letters of the supplier's name (TES) and (CO) from his sir name forming the name "TESCO”. The first brand which was sold by the T esco was “T esco T ea” in 1924. The first T esco store was started in 1929 at Burnt...
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...macro-environment (noun) DEFINITION OF MACRO-ENVIRONMENT Larger societal forces that affect the micro-environment. EXAMPLES OF MACRO-ENVIRONMENT IN THE FOLLOWING TOPICS: Scanning and Analysis All organizations should continuously appraise their situation and adjust their strategy to adapt to the environment. One technique used by organizations to monitor the environment is known as environmental scanning. It allows marketers to understand the current state of the environment, so that the organization can predict trends. The Macro Environment There are a number of common approaches for how the external factors, which describe the macro environment, can be identified and examined. The segmentation of the macro environment according to the six presented factors of the PESTEL analysis is the starting point of the global environmental analysis. Environmental scanning is one technique used by organizations to monitor the environment. The Dynamic Environment It is important to place equal emphasis on both the macro and micro-environment and to react accordingly to changes within them. The Marketing Environment Two key levels of the marketing environment are the micro-environment and the macro-environment. The Micro-environment The micro-environment includes the company itself, its suppliers, marketing intermediaries, customer markets, and competitors. The company aspect of micro-environment refers to the internal environment of the company. The Macro-environment The macro-environment...
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...answer addresses all parts of a multiple-part question • Your answer includes terms and concepts from the text • Your answer includes examples from the case f. Please see the rubric for each management case for specific question requirements |Q |Full Credit |75% Credit |50% Credit |25% Credit | | |22 points |16 points |11points |6 points | |1. |All six micro-environmental |Four micro-environmental |Three micro-environmental |One micro-environmental factor | | |factors are listed. Examples |factors are listed. Examples of|factors are listed. Examples of|is listed. Examples of the | | |of each factor and how they...
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...HNC BusinessUnit 4 Marketing Principles Learning outcome 2 Micro & Macro Environment Objectives of presentation • Discover the micro marketing environment (internal) • Discover the macro marketing environment (PEST FACTORS-external) • Explain ‘The Marketing Audit’ and how the elements influence marketing decisions Integrated Marketing Integrated marketing strategies take advantage of a combination of communication tools and media to spread a message such as one-to-one marketing, mass marketing and direct marketing. The strategy is developed to ensure the company will deliver the intended value to those customers through a blend of marketing mix tools. Example of an Integrated Marketing Plan Environmental Analysis Environmental analysis is a vital exercise to complete by any company that will explore and understand the external local, national or international forces that might affect your business. The factors are largely outside the direct control of any company and can sometimes have a negative impact on their plans. Equally this can be very important as it will support the business and marketing strategy allowing the company to take advantage of potential opportunities whilst minimising the potential threats to the company. The Marketing Environment According to Philip Kotler, “A company’s marketing environment consists of the internal factors & forces, which affect the company’s ability to develop & maintain successful...
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...1. What micro environmental factors have affected Target’s performance over the past few years? Target’s performance has been affected by a range of micro environmental factors. The major micro environmental factor was the drop in sales revenues and the dwindling profits. Wal-Mart’s sales were growing, and that meant that Target’s sales would go down since consumers preferred Wal-Mart for Target. The inability of Target’s managers to identify a solution to the problem of dropping sales and develop a viable course of action also affected Target’s performance. Another micro environmental factor was the thriftiness of customers all over America, which endeared them to Wal-Mart. The impatience of Target’s shareholders and the pressure they exerted on the company’s board to deliver was also a major factor. The marketing strategies that were adopted by the management also failed to turn things around. However hard the company tried, they were unable to establish a firm grip on the market. 2. What macro environmental factors have affected Target’s performance during that period? Target’s performance was affected by the global financial crisis that hit the world during that time. The crisis caused a fall in GDP and massive unemployment. This affected the buying habits of customers who then preferred to buy from Wal-Mart due to their legacy as a low-cost discounting store. Wal-Mart, Target’s main competitor, was attracting more customers because of its low-cost selling strategy. Consumption...
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...Micro Environmental Factors irMICRO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING BUSINESS Micro environment factors, are factors close to a business that have a direct impact on its business operations and success. Before deciding corporate strategy businesses should carry out a full analysis of their micro environment. The following are the micro factors affecting business- Customers As all businesses need customers, they should be Centred (Orientated) around customers. The firm's marketing plan should aim to attract and retain customers through products that meets their "wants and needs" and excellent customer service. Employees Employing staff with relevant skills and experience is essential. This process begins at recruitment stage and continues throughout an employee's employment via ongoing training and promotion opportunities. Training and development play a critical role in achieving a competitive edge; especially in Service Sector Marketing. If a business employs staff without motivation, skills or experience it will affect customer service and ultimately sales. Suppliers Suppliers provide businesses with the materials they need to carry out their business activities. A supplier's behavior will directly impact the business it supplies. For example if a supplier provides a poor service this could increase timescales or product quality. An increase in raw material prices will affect an organization’s Marketing Mix strategy and may even force price increases. Close supplier...
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... 2. Analyze IBM strategies, to remix their businesses in order to move to the emerging higher-value spaces, in Macro and Micro environment level 3. IBM strategy PESTEL analysis in Macro level Five forces analysis in Micro level Recommendation Conclusion SOWT analysis Complexity analysis 4. o IBM understood Value was shifting in the IT industry, driven by the rising tide of global integration, a new computing paradigm and new client needs. o Economies of developing nations were growing rapidly, driven by historic investments in fundamental business infrastructure. Enterprises were looking to tap skills and expertise available all over the world and to integrate their operations globally. o Change in computing architecture was rippling across the data center and the network, along with a proliferation of technology infused into all aspects of work and life. Companies were seeking to integrate advanced technology with their business processes and operations, not only to reduce costs, but to enable innovation and growth. o IBM remixed their businesses in order to move to the emerging higher- value spaces by focusing on software and IT industry. IBM Strategies 5. IBM Strategies Hardware And Services Software IBM sold the personal computing department To Lenovo 6. PESTEL Analysis for Macro environment factors Social Political Technological Environmental Economic Legislative 7. Iraq War in 2003, affected world economy, and IBM stock fell down. Technology affects directly to...
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...services will interest the new market youth. We will look at the micro and macro-environmental forces that can influence the marketing strategies for these products and services. We will look at whether marketers in these countries will use similar marketing strategies to influence this group or will their strategies be different from Western-based consumption marketers. Then we will take a look to see what opportunities for the U.S companies we might foresee. China and India are two of the world’s largest emerging markets that are growing rapidly. Our text states “As populations grow, so does consumer spending. As the percentage of the population of working age grows, so does economic stability. When a large share of a country's population is in the work force, that country sees income growth and high per-capita savings” (White, 2012). So as these countries grow we will see a significant increase in consumer spending. As these markets become wealthier we will see an increase in personal income growth for consumers which will increase their purchasing power. This can be an increase in food, housing accommodation, cars and energy etc... I think we will also see the younger market leaning towards branding and discretionary spending. “The most important factors in the micro environment are a firm’s competitive position and the composition of its customers. An operation has more influence on its micro environment than on the macro environment. Therefore, operators...
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...Marketing Principles All organisations will use some sort of marketing. Marketing is there so an organisation can find out what their customers’ needs are, and how these can be met. In this manual I will be talking about John Lewis Marketing process. Having a good marketing department can help the John Lewis keep costs down. If the correct process is taken for marketing, it will eliminate the guessing and forecasting that are linked with trying to predict product trends and consumers demand for goods or services. when the organisation knows what they customers wants, they will all be able to provide the right type of product or service and will always have customers ready to purchase. All so having a good marketing department or team, will help a John Lewis build a loyal customer base and help with repeat custom. This is called brand loyalty; it is one of the main advantages of having a good marketing team. Marketing is usually defined as a process that identifies and predicts what the customer wants and then trying to satisfying the customers’ needs and making a profit by doing this. Every business or organisation will follow marketing plan or a marketing process. The marketing plan will serve as a wide range plan which will outline the organisations marketing efforts. Using the marketing process, John Lewis will have to find out what their customers want and what their needs are and what the business can do to meet their needs and demands. The...
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...Company Case: Prius: Leading a Wave of Hybrids 1. What micro-environmental factors affected both the first generation and second generation models of Toyota Prius? How well has to Toyota dealt with these factors? In order for the reader to have an understanding of this question is important to begin by defining Micro-environment. This term is a factor of the Marketing Environment and it consists of the issues that, in one way or another, affect the company's ability to serve its clientele in a close and direct way. This includes factors such as customers, suppliers, competitors, shareholders, employees and media (among others). Having this in mind, it could be safe to state that the micro-environmental factors affecting the first and second generation of the Toyota Prius are the customers and the competitors. Consumers, getting affected by the gas prices, were looking for an answer to their prayers. Toyota gave them the answer, a vehicle that would allow people to save on gas as well as provide good and efficient service. Once the first generation Prius was released, although not too pretty or fancy, it served to its purposed and customers were buying it. The other factor, competitors, is pretty obvious. Everybody wants a piece of the pie. Auto makers such as Honda started developing and/or implementing the hybrid system on some of their vehicles. Toyota's answer was to keep developing what already has been a success, the Prius. A second generation was developed and...
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...Vision Mission Goal Tarket maket Environmental Factors According to Milliken (1987), environmental uncertainty arises from the organisation’s inability to predict its environment, or in other words, to predict the factors that characterise its environment. These factors are usually classified into two groups (Bourgeois, 1980) i.e. ‘‘general’’ and ‘‘task’’ external business environmental factors. • Micro Environment (General External Business Environment ) The Micro environment is a relatively remote environment and the elements that compose it have an indirect influence on the organization. This environment is typically composed of factors such as social values, educational, political, economic, legal, behavioral, demographic, natural environment, natural resources, and technological (Asheghian & Ebrahimi, 1990; Grant, 1999). A PESTEL analysis is a framework or tool used by marketers to analyze and monitor the macro-environmental (external marketing environment) factors that have an impact on an organization. The result of which is used to identify threats and weaknesses which is used in a SWOT analysis. PESTEL ANALYSIS of Australia stands for: Political : The political atmostphere of Australia is stable and the country enjoys a democratic structure based on English common law. Capitalist venture are welcome and encouraged.the queensland area is a major hub of development,and the government is involved in ensuring that safty...
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...Marketing Management-I Assignment-I Environmental Analysis Personal Care in Amway Acknowledgment Perseverance Inspiration and motivation have always played a key role in the success of any venture. So hereby, it is our pleasure to record thanks and gratitude to the people involved. Last, but not least, we would like to thank all group members who support us throughout the assignment. Contents 1. Overview ............................................................................................................................................ 4 2.Micro Environmental .......................................................................................................................... 5 3.Macro Environment ............................................................................................................................ 7 4.Consumer behaviour ........................................................................................................................... 9 References ............................................................................................................................................ 11 Overview The Indian personal care industry is estimated at Rs 45000 crores. The industry is divided into personal care, fabric wash, hair care, oral cares, skin care, coloured cosmetics, toiletries and fragrances. The industry has a low entry barrier and competition is severe. Besides the large multinational players, there are...
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...Landscape Ecol (2009) 24:375–390 DOI 10.1007/s10980-008-9312-x RESEARCH ARTICLE Effects of macro and micro-environmental factors on the species richness of terrestrial tardigrade assemblages in an Iberian mountain environment ´ ´ Noemı Guil Æ Joaquın Hortal Æ ´ nchez-Moreno Æ Annie Machordom Sara Sa Received: 1 November 2007 / Accepted: 20 November 2008 / Published online: 4 December 2008 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008 Abstract Tardigrade communities are affected by micro and macro-environmental conditions but only micro-environmental variables, and altitudinal gradients have been studied. We review previous reports of altitudinal effects and evaluate the influence by interacting macro- (climate, soils, biome, and others) and micro-environmental (vegetation, moss and leaf litter) factors on tardigrade assemblages at the Sierra de Guadarrama mountain range (Iberian Central System Mountains, Spain). Terrestrial tardigrade assemblages were sampled using standard cores to N. Guil (&) Zoological Museum, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen DK-2100, OE, Denmark e-mail: nguillopez@gmail.com J. Hortal NERC Centre for Population Biology, Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK J. Hortal Á A. Machordom ´ Departmento de Biodiversidad y Biologıa Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, Spain ´ S. Sanchez-Moreno ´ Departamento de Proteccion...
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