...Unit 21 assignment 1 Biomedical Science Techniques Task one a) Describe the structure and characteristics of a range of major micro-organisms. Major micro-organisms include bacteria, viruses and fungi. Bacteria are uni-cellular microorganisms and are categorised as prokaryotes, which means they have no nucleus present in their cell. The 4 common shapes and characteristics of bacteria are Cocci, Bacilli, Spirilla and Vibrio. Cocci are spherical shaped, bacilli are rod shaped, Spirilla are spiral shaped and vibrio is comma shaped. The main structure features of bacteria include a capsule, cell wall, cytoplasm, naked circular DNA and plasma membrane (infolding). The method of reproduction for bacteria is asexual reproduction. It does not require a mate. Other features in some bacteria include flagella, fimbriae or Pilli and plasmids....
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...Assessment Task 2: Laboratory Experiment and Report Introduction Bacteria are one of the many culprits that cause disease and even death. Surface cleaner are sold to help disinfect and eliminate bacteria. Some of the common surface cleaners used are alcohol, tea tree oil and water. ‘Alcohols are effective disinfectants as they evaporate quickly, leaving no residue. They are capable of dissolving lipids, which makes them effective against lipid-wrapped viral cells such as HIV and hepatitis’ (healthE n.d.). Tea tree oil have been an effective disinfectant for many years used as a treatment for bacterial and fungal infections of the skin and nails (American Cancer Society 2008). Micro-organisms such as bacteria and fungi can be found in a variety of places. Using petri dishes containing nutrient agar, bacteria and fungi can be grown and observed. ‘Agar is a seaweed extract that forms a jelly-like material that is also a source of food for these organisms. Bacteria grow into colonies made up of millions of individuals.’ Fungi can be seen as fuzzy growth on the agar plates (Leslie et al. 2000). Objective/ Aim Comparing three different surface cleaners in order to prevent bacterial growth. Hypothesis 70% ethanol is the most effective surface cleaner compared to homemade cleaner and water. Materials * Normal laboratory glassware and equipment * Nutrient agar filled petri dishes * Gloves * Sterile swabs * Masking tape * Marking pen * Incubators...
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...Unit 21: Biomedical science techniques Assignment one Task one Bacteria Virus Fungi Protozoa Structure Structure of bacteria includes a cell wall made up of glycoprotein murein, a plasma membrane made up of proteins, phospholipids and carbohydrates which make a fluid mosaic. It also consists of cytoplasm, ribosome which is small granule made up of protein and RNA, plasmid that are a small circle of DNA, flagella which has a rigid rotating tail, Pilli which has small protein appendages and a capsule that has a slim layer covering the outside of the cell. Viruses are smaller than bacteria. Some viruses have DNA while others contain RNA. They have a nucleic acid that is ringed around a coat called a capsid that’s made up of protein. The body of a fungus are made up of small filaments named hyphae. A fungus contains cytoplasm and nuclei. Characteristics Rod-shaped known as bacillus, round shape which...
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...What you have to do This assignment is based on infection control and encompasses the essential knowledge, essential skills and shared knowledge in your learning resource. This is an assessable assignment and counts towards you completing the requirements for this unit. You can copy the questions from this assignment onto a blank word document and fill in the answers there. Alternatively, if you choose to hand write your responses, please ensure that your write the question number clearly next to your answers. Task/Question 1. List and give a brief description of the four main groups of micro-organisms. | |Bacteria | | |A single celled micro-organism, in other | | |words they are only one cell. However, they | | |come in a variety of shapes and sizes. | | | | |Fungi | | |They are commonly known as mushroom, mould | | |and yeast. In the diagram following , you | | |will see that some of this organism have | | |thread like strands called filaments. | | | | | |Viruses | | |Do not have cellular and metabolic...
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...What is Microbiology? Microbiology is the study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye. Originally, emphasis was placed on harmful micro organisms which cause disease or spoilage of beverages and food, but it is now recognized that many microbes have essential roles in our ecosystem or can be used to accomplish beneficial tasks. Human history is full of examples of major devastations caused by bacteria and viruses. Some of these historically important diseases still occur, such tuberculosis and yellow fever. Microorganisms are evolving to cause new infectious disease problems such as Lyme disease and AIDS, which capture public attention. Control and eradication of infectious diseases remain important goals of many microbiologists. The recognition that microorganisms were responsible for what was earlier thought to be "spontaneous generation" opened the door to industrial (pharmaceutical, chemical, energy) and food microbiology, technologies which contribute substantially to today's way of life. Microorganisms in soil and water are essential in the transformation of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and iron to products needed by plants and animals. In various ways, microbes participate in environmental cycling and degradation and global change. In the last few decades, microorganisms have been recognized as ideal model systems for the study of basic biological processes. More recently, microbiologists have brought an exciting dimension to the study of biology...
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..."NATURAL PRESERVATIVES" Anthony C. Dweck Research Director, Peter Black Medicare Ltd., White Horse Business Park, Aintree Avenue, Trowbridge, Wiltshire, UK. BA14 0XB SUMMARY This paper looks at the theoretical development of a natural preservative system using the author's data base on medicinal plants as a source of references. The legal aspects of this concept are considered. The traditional methods of preservation, many taken from the food industry are summarised. The use of alcohol, glycerine, sugar, salt, dessication, anhydrous systems and temperature are amongst examples considered. The definitions of the many words used to describe the act of preservation are considered, and the confusion that results from the presence of the many synonyms is considered. e.g. antimicrobial, antibiotic, antiseptic, bactericidal, etc. Specific organisms are identified as being of particular interest, especially those standard organisms that form part of the B.P. challenge test. These include Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Staphylococcus aureus. A cross-section of plants mentioned in the literature as being specifically targeted at these organisms are considered. The paper concludes with Appendices of plant materials that have mention in the literature according to specific definitions, which may give researchers a potential introduction to future research. KEY WORDS Natural preservation, traditional preservation, challenge test organisms...
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...MicroBiology- MLT1 LabPaq / Published by: Hands-On Labs, Inc. sales@labpaq.com / www.LabPaq.com / Toll Free 866.206.0773 A Laboratory Manual of Small-Scale Experiments for the Independent Study of Microbiology 50-0222-MB-01 LabPaq® is a registered trademark of Hands-On Labs, Inc. (HOL). The LabPaq referenced in this manual is produced by Hands-On Labs, Inc. which holds and reserves all copyrights on the intellectual properties associated with the LabPaq’s unique design, assembly, and learning experiences. The laboratory manual included with a LabPaq is intended for the sole use by that LabPaq’s original purchaser and may not be reused without a LabPaq or by others without the specific written consent of HOL. No portion of any LabPaq manual’s materials may be reproduced, transmitted or distributed to others in any manner, nor may be downloaded to any public or privately shared systems or servers without the express written consent of HOL. No changes may be made in any LabPaq materials without the express written consent of HOL. HOL has invested years of research and development into these materials, reserves all rights related to them, and retains the right to impose substantial penalties for any misuse. Published by: Hands-On Labs, Inc. 3880 S. Windermere St. Englewood, CO 80110 Phone: Denver Area: 303-679-6252 Toll-free, Long-distance: 866-206-0773 www.LabPaq.com E-mail: info@LabPaq.com Printed...
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...Introduction Mushroom is a large reproductive structure of edible fungi, which is the most popular nutritious, delicious and medicinal vegetable in the world. It is now one of the promising concepts for crop diversification in Bangladesh. The climatic condition of Bangladesh is completely suitable for mushroom cultivation. It does not require any cultivable land. It can grow in room by racking vertically. Therefore, its yield as well as benefit per unit area is higher than any other vegetable in our country. It requires short time, little capital and easy technique for cultivation. This is why all types of people like male and female, youth and old even children and disabled can easily participate in its cultivation. Therefore, it can generate huge scope of employment opportunities for unemployed people. The raw materials for mushroom cultivation like sawdust, paddy straw, wheat straw, sugar can baggage, waste paper, used cotton, dervishes etc are very cheap and available in our country and no materials are required to import from abroad for its cultivation. Moreover, no chemical is necessary for its cultivation, therefore it is completely organic and eco-friendly. Used substrate of mushroom cultivation is one of the best sources of organic matter in the soil. Its cultivation may be “a lifeboat” for survival of the landless people who do not have any source other than their houses and own labor. Its cultivation can transfer as a cottage industry and create a goods opportunity...
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...meal or whose job entails providing food for other people must ensure they know about the importance of food safety and hygiene so as to guide against food poisoning that are caused by bacteria and poor hygiene practices. It is also very important that safe practices are followed when preparing food for service users because of the effects unsafe practices may have on their health and wellbeing and also on the health care worker and can lead to complaints if basic hygiene rules are not followed. The effects of unsafe practices when preparing, cooking and serving food in a health or social care setting can cause food contamination in a variety of ways which could lead to food poisoning and can cause illness . Food poisoning are caused by Micro-organisms which includes bacteria, viruses and moulds found in food and can lead to stomach pains, diarrhoea and vomiting. Food contamination can occur in many different ways, such as: Physical, chemical and biological contamination. Physical contamination is caused by foreign or physical objects that come in contact with the food during preparation, cooking and serving. These contaminants includes hair, fingernails, jewellery, fingernails, food packaging, bones, dust, dirt, piece of glass, hair pin, insects and their droppings and eggs. Some of these contaminants can be prevented by ensuring that those preparing the food cover their hair, have short, clean unvarnished fingernails, they should...
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...habitat (National Wildlife Federation, 2012). Animals The Everglades is home to numerous species of animals including those native to the lands, threatened, and considered endangered. Wildlife populaces include over 350 bird species including the Great Blue heron, great egret, and wood stork. Land dwellers that inhibit the Everglades include Alligator and crocodile reptiles, Florida panther, Burmese python, West-Indian Manatee, sea turtles, and raccoon just to name a few. The Everglades most endangered animal is the Florida panther, of which approximately only 80 now survive (National Wildlife Federation, 2012). Organisms in the Everglades Producers Consumers Decomposers Monocotyledons Manatee Bacteria Saw grass Alligator Gar Fungi Pond apple tree...
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...SpoonerGrade/Class/Subject: Grade 8, Team A, Science | | Unit/Theme: Introduction to Basic Concepts of Ecology Standards: Region: USA- NAS- Science Education Standards National Academy of Science Type of Standard: Science Content Standards Grade Range: Grades 5-8 Content Standard: Life Science Area- POPULATIONS AND ECOSYSTEMS: A population consists of all individuals of a species that occur together at a given place and time. All populations living together and the physical factors with which they interact compose an ecosystem. Populations of organisms can be categorized by the function they serve in an ecosystem. Plants and some micro-organisms are producers--they make their own food. All animals, including humans, are consumers, which obtain food by eating other organisms. Decomposers, primarily bacteria and fungi, are consumers that use waste materials and dead organisms for food. Food webs identify the relationships among producers, consumers, and decomposers in an ecosystem. For ecosystems, the major source of energy is sunlight. Energy entering ecosystems as sunlight is transferred by producers into chemical energy through photosynthesis. That energy then passes from organism to organism in food webs. The number of organisms an ecosystem can support depends on the resources available and abiotic factors, such as quantity of light and water, range of temperatures, and soil composition. Given adequate biotic and abiotic resources and no disease or predators...
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...INTRODUCTION TO SANITATION Sanitation is the hygienic means of promoting health through prevention of human contact with the hazards of wastes as well as the treatment and proper disposal of sewage or wastewater. Hazards can be either physical, microbiological, biological or chemical agents of disease. Wastes that can cause health problems include human and animal excreta, solid wastes, domestic wastewater (sewage, sullage, greywater), industrial wastes and agricultural wastes. Hygienic means of prevention can be by using engineering solutions (e.g., sanitary sewers, sewage treatment, surface runoff management, solid waste management, excreta management), simple technologies (e.g., pit latrines, dry toilets, urine-diverting dry toilets, septic tanks), or even simply by personal hygiene practices (e.g., hand washing with soap, behavior change). Providing sanitation to people requires a systems approach, rather than only focussing on the toilet or wastewater treatment plant itself. The experience of the user, waste collection methods, transportation or conveyance of waste, waste treatment, and reuse or disposal all need to be thoroughly considered. DEFINATION OF SANITATION The World Health Organization explains sanitation as follows: "Sanitation generally refers to the provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human urine and feces. The word 'sanitation' also refers to the maintenance of hygienic conditions, through services such as garbage...
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...with examples. ANS. Health hazard is the state of events which has the potential to threaten and / or adversely affect health of the exposed employees. Or A danger to health resulting from exposure to environmental pollutants, such as asbestos or ionizing radiation, or to a life-style choice, such as cigarette smoking or chemical abuse. Health hazards may be classified as below 1. Chemical 2. Physical 3. Mechanical 4. Biological 5. Psychosocial Above mentioned hazards as well as all other health hazards are disastrous due to their adverse effects on exposed people like Bodily injury, Disease, Change in the way the body functions, grows, or develops, Effects on a developing fetus (teratogenic effects, fetotoxic effects), Effects on children, grandchildren, etc. (inheritable genetic effects) Decrease in life span, Change in mental condition resulting from stress, traumatic experiences, exposure to solvents. Effects on the ability to accommodate additional stress Following are some processes that can be hazardous for the health of workers 1. Abrasive blasting; abrasive blasting operations can create high levels of dust and noise. Abrasive material and the surface being blasted may contain toxic materials (e.g., lead paint, silica) that are hazardous to workers. Silica sand (crystalline) can cause silicosis, lung cancer, and breathing problems in exposed workers. Coal slag and garnet sand may cause lung damage similar to...
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...vascular tissue to carry materials from one part of the tree to another. For most trees it is surrounded by a layer of bark which serves as a protective barrier. Below the ground, the roots branch and spread out widely; they serve to anchor the tree and extract moisture and nutrients from the soil. Above ground, the branches divide into smaller branches and shoots. The shoots typically bear leaves, which capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy by photosynthesis, providing the food needed by the tree for its growth and development. Flowers and fruit may also be present, but some trees such as conifers instead have pollen cones and seed cones, and others such as tree ferns produce spores instead. Trees tend to be long-lived,[1] some reaching several thousand years old. The tallest known specimen on Earth is 115.6 m (379 ft) and they have a theoretical maximum height of 130 m (426 ft).[2] Trees have been in existence on the Earth for 370 million years. Trees are not a taxonomic group but are a number of plant species that have independently evolved a woody trunk and branches as a way to tower above other plants and make full use of the sunlight. Trees play a significant role in reducing erosion...
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...or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. To request permission, please contact Lippincott Williams & Wilkins at 530 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19106, via email at permissions@lww.com, or via web site at http://www.lww.com (products and services). Not authorized for sale in North America and the Caribbean. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication...
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