...The Middle Ages was the era between 500 and 1400 in Europe there was a lot going during this time. There are many ways to describe it. This era was best labeled by the Dark Ages, Age of Feudalism, the Age of Faith, or the Golden Age. Historian Frantz *****- Brentano used previously publishes texts to describe Europe in the Dark Ages the excerpt says that the Hungarains swarm over the Western provinces, sucked town and village and laid the waste on the fields. The conditions on Europe were horrible. This is because of all the terror the trade ceased and peasants abandoned the fields to avoid the violence of the anarchy. (Doc. 1). In an excerpt from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles it says that in 842, during the dark ages, there was a great slaughter in London, Quentavic and in Rochester. Because of this, men loaded their boats with their goods and returned to their own country. (Doc # 3). During the Age of Feudalism, Vassals and Lords had feudal obligations to each other. Vassals owed loyalty, military service and ransom, if needed, to their lords. Lords who owned their land, or fiefs, and protection to their Vassals. ( Doc # 4). In an excerpt from the Homage Oath taken by John Toul it informs that Toul was making it knows that he was the liege if the count and countess of Champagne. Since he was the liege, he would aid the count of Champagne in his own person and he would send his knights to count and countess, who he owes service to for the fief that he holds of theirs. (Doc...
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...The term ‘Dark Ages’, in its original use, referred to the Early Middle Ages of Europe. Initially, historians used the name to reference the lack of knowledge regarding the time due to the miniscule availability of evidence from the Early Middle Ages; historians did not know much about this period, so the era was ‘in the dark.’ Nevertheless, as historians discovered documents from this time, the age was no longer ‘in the dark’ and many historians have abandoned the term, as it no longer provides a precise description of the time. However, through a semantic change, the word developed a negative connotation and its definition became ‘a time where Europeans lived without learning of innovation.’ Over time, the term’s definition further developed into to a time of ignorance and...
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...The term “Middle Ages” was used by Italian historians in the 15th and 16th centuries. The culture at that time was similar to that of ancient Rome and Greece but different from the time between the fall of Rome and that time (Hanawalt, 1998). This period was later replaced by the Renaissance period and has been described as a period of rebirth where ancient techniques were revived and new ones developed leading to more success in the art industry. Artists were inspired by the recovery of Greco-Roman heritage from the East and the importation of Byzantine examples to the West (Zirpolo, 2008). This essay discusses the relationship between the Middle Ages and Renaissance historical art periods. The Middle Ages was considered a period of ignorance, barbarism and superstition (Hanawalt, 1998). This period was called the dark ages due to the negative practices involved, but Scholars saw the period differently stating that the history was a continuous process from biblical times to their time. Most of them wrote about battles, feudalism, crusades, manorialism, kings and emperors, rise of towns, Universities and churches (Hanawalt, 1998). Representations of art during this period were modestly scaled with little creativity because artists did their work collectively and mainly for religious purposes. There was no competition in the art industry and traditional techniques were used to design objects. Art was used to spread religion in Europe and throughout other parts of the...
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...Civilizations have had many achievements, but downfalls as well. Golden ages have occurred for centuries. Golden ages are times of peace and prosperity. Rome and India have made large impacts in helping the world. Pax Romana and the Gupta Golden Age led to major successes and influences. Pax Romana was a time of great accomplishment in Rome. It was a period of peace, as Pax Romana means ‘Roman Peace’. Lasting 200 years, it began with Emperor Augustus and came to a close after Marcus Aurelius. During this time, peace, unity, order, and prosperity flourished. Romans brought Greek concepts into their own ways. This included the use of columns, such as Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. Other architectural achievements include the use of...
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...During the Middle Ages, Europe went through a period of time that could be defined as faithful, dark, feudalistic and achieving. Although these words seem conflicting, 500 to 1400 A.D. was a changing time for Europe as it accomplished many things, yet experienced some of its worst challenges. After the Roman Empire collapsed, feudalism became the new form of social classes the people followed. The Roman Catholic Church influenced followers and inspired them to follow its higher power, God. Many areas of skill were developed which led to one of the greatest breakthroughs during its time, the Golden Age. This breakthrough resulted from a harmful Dark Age which was a devastating time for medieval Europe. After invasions from outside countries and the spread of the Black Plague, an influential time resulted with advancements in architecture and education, therefore describing the Middle Ages as the “Dark Ages” and “Golden Ages.” The Dark Ages was a time of great destruction from invaders and a horrific disease that led to a population decline. Barbarians came into Europe...
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...Historians of the 15th and 16th century used the term the “Middle Ages”. The culture at the time was similar to that of ancient Rome and Greece. But, differed from the time of the fall of Rome. The “Middle Ages” was later replaced by the Renaissance period. It was period of rebirth of ancient techniques and newly developed techniques that had major success in the art industry. Greco-Roman heritage and Byzantine examples inspired the artists. (Wikipedia, n.d.) This paper will discuss the relationship between Middle Age and Renaissance art periods. The middle ages also known as the dark ages were a period of barbarism, ignorance, and superstition. (Wikipedia, n.d.) The period saw a decrease in prosperity, stability and population in the first century. The period had a massive setback of population due to the Black Death plague. Invasions and incursions plagued Europeans during this period and had a major effect on art. Art was modest and had little creativity and was made mainly for religious purposes. Some art was rare and costly when associated with the church and mostly produced by monks. Since most of the art was used to spread religion it was viewed as utilitarian and not having much value. The renaissance abandoned the middle ages and its modest art and representations of monumental images. (Wikipedia, n.d.) Art became valuable, attractive, and profitable. Artists left behind the middle age thinking and broadened their horizons by developing new techniques...
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...postulated about life being comprised of eight stages, where human beings have the task to master each stage. Each stage is presented with a confrontation which produces two possible outcomes (Rice, 2001). The first incremental time frame will cover four stages of the Erickson’s model. Stage One Stage one covers birth to 10 years of age. According to Erickson’s model, humans experience several moments of the crisis where one master and then moves into the next stage of life's. The first ten years of life were full of turmoil, being physically abused by my biological parents and ultimately abandoned. After been traumatized by these events I was removed and placed for adoption. There were residual issues such as nightmares, frequent altercations with peers, and bedwetting. Baker confirmed that high stress is a contributing factor to the increased disruptive behaviors and delays normal developmental milestones (Baker et al., 2003). The prominent stage that was easily identified was the competency versus inferiority. I remember always feeling as if I were not good enough and inadequate, never able to please my mom and dad. Stage Two This stage covers ages 11 to 20. According to the Erickson’s model this frame is considered to be the Identity versus Role Confusion stage (Rice, 2001). During this stage, there was a struggle regarding who I wanted to be which was a good kid who listened to his parents or the partying teen who wanted to hang with his friends. Emotionally, I started to...
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...Historians of the 15th and 16th century used the term the “Middle Ages”. The culture at the time was similar to that of ancient Rome and Greece. But, differed from the time of the fall of Rome. The “Middle Ages” was later replaced by the Renaissance period. It was period of rebirth of ancient techniques and newly developed techniques that had major success in the art industry. Greco-Roman heritage and Byzantine examples inspired the artists. (Wikipedia, n.d.) This paper will discuss the relationship between Middle Age and Renaissance art periods. The middle ages also known as the dark ages were a period of barbarism, ignorance, and superstition. (Wikipedia, n.d.) The period saw a decrease in prosperity, stability and population in the first century. The period had a massive setback of population due to the Black Death plague. Invasions and incursions plagued Europeans during this period and had a major effect on art. Art was modest and had little creativity and was made mainly for religious purposes. Some art was rare and costly when associated with the church and mostly produced by monks. Since most of the art was used to spread religion it was viewed as utilitarian and not having much value. The renaissance abandoned the middle ages and its modest art and representations of monumental images. (Wikipedia, n.d.) Art became valuable, attractive, and profitable. Artists left behind the middle age thinking and broadened their horizons by developing new techniques...
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...From innovative advancements to grand masterpieces, the Middle Ages and Renaissance periods were pivotal periods in our history that today are still greatly recognizable and appreciated for their beauty and awe inspiring captivation of humanity. The Middle Ages, a time of great turmoil, forced people to seek order in their lives and stay alive through dependence on community while the Renaissance period pushed the boundaries of personal enlightenment and ‘rebirth’ of classical humanism. Throughout the 700 year period, the development and advancements of innovations, art, and humanities clearly deviates between the Middle Ages and Renaissance period, displaying a striking portrayal of individualism versus community. The Middle Ages began in the early 10th century with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and continued throughout the late 15th century. During this time the Middle Ages experienced great political and social change from religious and political crusaders conquering lands, to the establishment of the first universities (Bishop, 1968). The Middle Ages was an age of revolts, religious imbalances, and devastating plagues that led to an economic depression (Bishop, 1968). With all of these external factors affecting their lives, the people of the Middle Ages sought to find order through a feudal government system and community outreach. The ‘dark’ time of the Middle Ages resulted in the expansion of knowledge and ideas known as the Renaissance period from the...
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...Middle Ages DBQ Historical Context The Middle Ages in Europe, a period of time from approximately 500 ce to 1400, have been referred to by a variety of terms: the Age of Faith, the Dark Ages, the Age of Feudalism, and even a Golden Age. The medieval era began with the destruction of the Roman Empire and the disorder that followed, which led to the rise of feudalism. During this period of darkness, the Roman Catholic Church provided spiritual direction as well as many nonreligious functions for the people of the time. Many literary, artistic, and architectural advances occurred. Instructions: Soapstone each document, then based on your own knowledge and on the information found in the documents, formulate a thesis that directly answers the question. Organize the information into a brief outline. Write a well-organized essay proving your thesis. The essay should be logically presented and should include information both from the documents and from your own knowledge outside of the documents. Do not type, all work will be neatly hand written. Remember, others must be able to read it. Question: Which labels for the Middle Ages best describe the era between 500 and 1400 in Europe, The Dark Ages, the Age of Feudalism, the Age of Faith, or the Golden Age of Europe? You must discuss three labels. Document 1 In The Middle Ages, historian Frantz Funck-Brentano made use of previously published texts to describe Europe in the ninth and tenth centuries (Heinemann...
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...The Middle ages were spearheaded by a massive outreach of Christianity and by the 12th century, almost all of Europe was Christian. The only exception was to the far north, in Scandinavia, where a military powerhouse threatened western Europe with their military strength and pagan beliefs. These Scandinavian raiders were a martial people that used their military prowess and superior nautical skills to conquer much of northern Europe and become a militant powerhouse; a successful and feared civilization that was also a politically superior society. These seafarers would later became known as Vikings. Young viking soldiers were born and bred to fight, and this is reflected in almost every aspect of life, from their development to the gods they worshiped. Scandinavian boys were most often born into a trading or farming family, and as a result, they were physically fit from working the land as a farmer, or from rowing a boat as a trader. Because bravery and heroism were chiefly valued by this society, their children were also trained to fight at a young age, and they became soldiers that were tough and versatile, enabling them to outlast their opponents on the battlefield and perform a multitude of tasks. Vikings were also thought to be fearless - it was said that even fatally wounded soldiers would continue to fight until they were dead - and this may be because they believed that if you were honorable and courageous in battle, you would go to Valhalla. Before Christianity was...
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...(theories) of middle age, among which is the “crisis model” and the “transition model”. Which do you agree with more, based on what you know about these theories and what you have observed? The crisis model postulates that when an individual is faced with an overwhelming threat they cannot handle, they will either adapt by developing new coping skills or they will be overwhelmed by the crisis to the point of requiring external intervention (Baltes and Baltes, 2014). Failure to cope with this occurrence can result in a crisis that lasts between 4 -6 weeks. Similarly, the transition model seeks to understand how a person responds to changes in their life or environment and postulate most of these changes involve transition periods that lasts between 6 and 12 months. The transition periods present window periods for growth or pose serious hazards to the concerned individual. Most people reacting to changes in their lives or immediate environment (positive or negative) to require and adjustment period that can last up to a year as I have observed and thereby concur with the transition model. 56. What changes in physical functions are associated with the middle adult years? Do you think men or women are affected most by these changes? People at this stage of life often experience a decline in strength, reaction time, fine motor skills as well as a decreased sensation. They develop skin wrinkles, have sagging skins in their arms, face and legs as well as develop age spots. Men gain...
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...While there are some external symptoms of FAS, internally FAS children are normal. ANS: B 4. Which of the following reactions is not present in newborns? A. stepping reflex B. sucking C. fear of heights D. startle reflex ANS: C 5. One way to gauge an infant’s interest in a stimulus is to see when responsiveness decreases, also called A. habituation. B. regression. C. deactivation. D. response repression. ANS: A 6. Which of the following is an accurate description of brain development during early childhood and infancy? A. The brain’s neurons have fully developed synaptic connections at birth. B. A baby’s neurons are as fully myelinated as an adult’s neurons. C. The overall size of the brain dramatically increases from age four to six. D. The amount of brain material in a region of the brain can nearly double in four year olds. ANS: D 7. The first stage of cognitive development noted by Piaget is the _____ stage. A. concrete operational B. sensorimotor...
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...Middle Ages and Renaissance Art Western Governor’s University It is interesting how two different artistic periods can compare to each other. When comparing Middle Age art to art of the Renaissance, I find a vast transformation of ideas and mentality between the two eras. The Middle Ages, also called the Medieval period, lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. Christianity, religion and the church played an important role in life in the Middle Ages. Life seemed difficult in the Middle Ages. A vast majority of the population could read or write. The population’s hope was declining and this lead to a strong belief that the next life in heaven would be better than the current life that they were in. The basic government and society in Europe during the middle ages was based around the feudal system. (Eco, U. (1986). Because Christianity played an important role during the Middle Ages, early Christian art icons were popular such as images of Christ, the Virgin Mary or saints. Also popular were illuminated manuscripts that were of a religious nature. Because of the radiant glow created by the gold, silver, and other colors that were used, these handwritten and decorated or painted texts were called illuminations. These were still being created in the Middle Ages. Architecture of the Middle Ages also focused on a Christianity theme. Two...
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...Thuy Tran 10/19/15 101-0032 Outline: History of Middle Ages Introduction: Middle Ages began when Western Roman Empire collapsed. Byzantine and Islamic appeared before the Middle Ages. The Middle Ages is the middle period of three traditional division of Western history: early, the high, and the late Middle Ages. Middle Ages is an important part of Western Civilization. It through many different period of time of the Middle Ages helps Western Civilization development economy and political. Each period of Middle Ages affect to how Civilization changes and growth. Western Civilization had more strong and created many intellect men. Also, the last Pagan Europe was converted to Christianity with the Baltic people in the High Middle Ages, bringing them to Western Civilization as well. I. Byzantine and Islamic influence A. Byzantine influence In the textbook Humanities in the Western Tradition, First Edition Marvin Perry, Baruch College, City University of New York, Emeritus J. Wayne Baker, University of Akron Pamela Pfeiffer Hollinger, the University of Akron that discussion Byzantine and Islamic their cultural contribution to Western Civilization. * “The Byzantine and Islam have in common” by contributing writer that almost 700 years Byzantine and Islamic cultural fought the remains of the Roman Empire, but they also hared many cultural political and artistic that shape their societies in many ways. * Advantage: * Byzantine cultural contributions...
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