...Vietnamese Immigrants to Australia In 1975 after the Vietnam War Vietnamese people began to migrate to Australia in hope for a better life. The purpose of this essay is to answer the following key question, ‘How has Asian migration had a significant impact or impacts on Australian economy and Australian culture?’ This key question will be broken down into the following three questions in order to frame and direct this essay; who are Vietnamese migrants and why did they migrate to Australia? How have Vietnamese migrants contributed to the Australian economy? And, how have Vietnamese migrants contributed to Australian culture? Vietnamese migrants came over to Australia in 1975 after communists captured Saigon, South Vietnam surrender, ending the Vietnam War. Vietnam refugees moved to Australia after the white Australian Policy was abolished in 1966. According to ‘SBS news article ‘Vietnamese refugees to white Australia’, Vietnamese were the first largest Asian group to migrate to Australia, and between 1975 and 1986 most Vietnamese arrivals were refugees. Over 2000 Vietnamese came to Australia by unauthorised boats, and many didn’t reach Australian shore, as they were killed at sea. It was a distressing and painful experience escaping Vietnam and then having to live in...
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...Australia, which is a relatively high-immigration country and a popular nation to immigrants all around the world. Since ancient time, Australia attracts a mass of immigrants to study or work because of the clean natural environment, biology diversity and rich natural resources, perfect education system as well as the multicultural society (Ehow, n.d.). It should be acknowledged that immigration has played an integral role in Australia’s population increase and economic development (Migration Expert, n.d.). The immigration in Australia has undergone a long-term process. Firstly, indigenous inhabitants have lived in Australia for approximately 40,000 years. On 26 January 1788, a date known as ‘Australia Day’ at present, the Britain’s first...
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...negative impacts come into being because of ‘Big Australia’. It impacts on environmental, social and economical issues in Australia. This essay will examine the influences of high population growth rate in Australia, and it will determine whether the measures should be taken by Australia government so that the population growth will be decreased. Large immigration in Australia has positive outcomes. Encouraging migrants can fill opening in the Australia job market. For example, there are lots of scarce jobs in Australia, such as male nurses and teachers. Encouraging migrants attracts lots of people who have enrich work experience of those scarce jobs to come to Australia, as a result of it, the jobs of male nurses and teachers can be enriched. For instance, skilled migrants can fill jobs as the reason that Negative outcomes also need to be considered with the large immigration. Firstly, there are not enough water resources for those migrants to drink. Australia is a country of lacking water seriously, if too much migrants immigrate to Australia, there would be not enough water afforded to Australian residents and migrants. Secondly, the houses for migrants to live are not enough. If Australia government build more houses to enable those migrants to live, the afforest area would be reduced. Therefore, too much people would destroy the Australia’s environment. In conclusion, Australia should not be promoting a “Big Australia” according to these factors. ◎简 介 The...
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...on the attitudes, policies and beliefs of the society’s people. The reception of migration may be influenced by personal values and way of life of citizens, however it can also be seen to be hugely swayed by political leaders. This essay will demonstrate these points through explanation and the exploration of the thoughts of those, both anti- and pro- immigration with within Australia. It will highlight the assets which migration can provide Australia – economically and culturally and give reasons why anti-immigration policies would damage the society instead of enriching it. Reasons why immigration is seen in a negative light will also be addressed, including national identity loss, unemployment and negative economic effects. Over the last fifty years, Australia has encompassed a large-scale immigration policy predominantly “concerned with population building and importing human capital and skills,”(Jackubowicz 2006). Multiculturalism, strongly linked and interchangeably used with immigration came around as a term in the 1970’s and was initially strongly advocated politically. However in more recent years questions relating to whether or not multiculturalism should be encouraged have arisen, triggering strong debates and inconsistencies amongst Australian’s and particularly in the political sector. There are a range of anti-immigration groups that have existed or still exist in Australia, all aiming (or they aimed) to project their ideas publicly and take action so as...
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...has been shaped by two disparate ideologies, the initial white Australia policy, and the current policy of multiculturalism. The white Australia policy comprised legislation designed to safeguard Australia as a nation reserved for white residents, whereas multiculturalism is a process that constructively integrates cultural diversity into the national identity. This essay argues that the white Australia policy has had a significant impact on Australian culture and continues to overshadow the success of multiculturalism. First, this essay explains the motivations and legislations that established the white Australia policy, and the subsequent effects on early Australian society. Next, it discusses the discarding of the white Australia policy and the implementation of multiculturalism. Finally, this essay assesses the impact of the white Australia policy on contemporary Australian culture. During the late 1800s there was public and political discussion as to Australia’s future as a white nation (Bulletin 1886). This was prompted by the frequent racial tension and sporadic violence between white settlers and Chinese immigrants. The 1901 parliamentary debates concerning immigration show that although a belief in white racial supremacy was predominant, commercial concerns and fears of invasion were also involved. For example, some members extolled the superiority of a ‘snow-white’ Australia (Commonwealth of Australia 1901 pp. 4626, 4648, 4666). Whereas, other members protested that...
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...(2012). Understanding the persistence of inequality in higher education: evidence from Australia. Journal of Education Policy, 28(2), 198-215. James, R., E. Bexley, M. Devlin & S. Marginson. (2007). Australian University Student Finances 2006. Centre for the Study of Higher Education: The University of Melbourne. Kearney, Judith. (2012). Unlucky in a lucky country: A commentary on policies and practices that restrict access to higher education in Australia. Journal of Social Inclusion, 3(1). QUESTION 1 5 Marks Describe the relationship between student work commitments and study. Refer to James et al. (2007), Table 3.8 for your answer. INSTRUCTIONS: Present your answer in the form of a data commentary in one or two well organised paragraphs. CRITERIA: You will be assessed on your ability to: * Set out a location statement * Highlight relevant information * Describe the features of the data * Use in-text citations to indicate the source, or sources, of your data. Question 2 5 Marks Write an essay plan for a 400 to 500 word essay written in response to the following question: Do you think that all Australian residents have equal access to a university education? Discuss using evidence from the 3 text extracts to support your response. CRITERIA: You will be assessed on your ability to: * Construct an outline of the structure of your essay * Provide a thesis statement * Provide topic sentences * Indicate the sources...
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...INTRODUCTION **** marketing definition Macro economics is the study of the behaviour and trends in the economy as a whole involving the analysis of six major forces to identify possible opportunities and threats available to the organisation. To illustrate these forces, the hypothetical “Bamboo Company” (located in Sydney New South Wales) will be used. This organisation has prided itself on the use of recyclable and renewable resources where possible and as a result, has developed the Bambicycle. This entry level hybrid bicycle combines the best attributes of a road bike and a mountain bike in one as well as being constructed by bamboo which is one of the world’s fastest growing renewable resources. An analysis of the six macroeconomic influences with reference to the Bamboo Company are as follows: THE DEMOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENT Demographics is the statistical study of the population as a whole, consisting of the following variables and how they will affect the bicycle marketing environment: – The changing age structure of population “Australia's population, like that of most developed countries, is ageing as a result of sustained low fertility and increasing life expectancy” (Australian Bureau of Statistics [ABS], 2010a para 7). The proportion of the population aged 65 years and over is projected to increase from 13% in 2007 to between 23% and 25% in 2056, and 25% and 28% in 2101 (ABS, 2010c para 15) with the first...
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...IELTS Writing Task 1 Simon Contents 1. Line graph 2 1.1. Tips for Line graph 2 1.2. Internet Users as percentage of population 3 1.3. Internatioal migration in UK 4 1.4. UK acid rain emission 5 1.5. Water consumption 6 1.6. Car ownership 7 2. Bar chart 8 2.1. Marriages and divorces 8 2.2. Levels of participation 9 2.3. Consumer good 11 2.4. House prices 12 3. Table 13 3.1. Tips for table 13 3.2. Rail networks 14 3.3. Poverty proportion in Australia 15 3.4. Daily activities 16 3.5. Goods consumer 17 4. Pie chart 18 4.1. Cam7, page 101 18 4.2. Diet 19 5. Map 20 5.1. Village of Chorleywood 20 5.2. Gallery 21 5.3. House design 22 5.4. 2 proposed supermarket 23 6. Process 24 6.1. Tips for process diagram 24 6.2. Forecast in Australia 25 6.3. Brick manufactuting 26 6.4. Water cycle 27 Line graph Tips for Line graph Line graphs always show changes over time. Here's some advice about how to describe them: * Try to write 4 paragraphs - introduction, summary of main points, 2 detail paragraphs. * For your summary paragraph, look at the "big picture" - what changes happened to all of the lines from the beginning to the end of the period shown (i.e. from the first year to the last). Is there a trend that all of the lines follow (e.g. an overall increase)? * You don't need to give numbers in your summary paragraph. Numbers are specific details. Just mention general things like 'overall...
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...influential than others? Europeans have been asking this question since the 18th Century, and Africans and Asians since the 19th. But there is still not much agreement on the answers. (http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/culture-conflict) Why is it that Western lifestyle and entertainment is so much more dominating on a foreign country than vise versa? Why isn't Chinese, Indian, or East African culture and entertainment more appealing to western audiences? While western music, films and activities are massively popular and mainstream overseas. Is there something about it that is inherently more appealing to the average human being? We live in a world where different peoples and cultures have different values, beliefs and truths, many of which are unequal but all of which are valid in their own context. However some cultures hold greater control and influence in our multicultural world and this is gradually becoming an issue to the less culturally prevailing countries. This is multiculturalism, a term which can be defined as the cultural and ethnic diversity of our modern-day world (https://www.dss.gov.au/our-responsibilities/settlement-and-multicultural-affairs/programs-policy/a-multicultural-australia/national-agenda-for-a-multicultural-australia/what-is-multiculturalism) People from new and different cultural groups may be negatively stereotyped and heavily discriminated against because of their differences from a main culture. Throughout history, multicultural...
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...Belonging Critical Essay “Belonging to a community or group has a significant impact on an individual’s sense of self” Introduction Individuals desire a sense of belonging within various groups in the community to engage with others in an enriching and meaningful way. Displacement from a community, culture or family can have a significant impact on individuals’ sense of self and where he truly belongs. Peter Skryzynecki’s poems, “Feliks Skrzynecki” and “Migrant Hostel” explore the effects of displacement due to migration and the consequential lack of identity and place. Bruce Dawe’s poem “Enter without so much as knocking” and an image from Shaun Tan’s book “The Arrival” explores various aspects of belonging suggesting that belonging to a place is central to an individual’s identity and sense of security. Feliks Skrzynecki ‘Feliks Skrzynecki” explores the hardships experienced by migrants growing up in Australia. Skrzynecki highlights the underlying idea of Peter’s difficulty in trying to accept his inherent Polish culture, which is evident in the third stanza “His polish friends always shook hands too violently…I never got used to” while at the same time unconsciously assimilating to a new civilized Western culture. Skrzynecki utilizes an extended metaphor of Hadrian’s Wall; “Watched me pegging my tents further and further south of Hadrian’s Wall” to epitomize the confusion and choice surrounding Peter in the ethics and values of each culture to which he must choose. Peter...
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...‘Global shifts in the supply and demand for labor mean that organizations need to focus more heavily on attraction, retention and career development of staff in order to meet these challenges’- Discuss The present essay focuses on the strategic human resource management and global shifts in demand and supply of labor which almost all the companies are facing to have skilled personnel. This essay critically evaluates some of the issues related to SHRM, global shifts in the supply and demand for labor which is then linked to the attraction, retention and career development for employees which an Organization provides these days for having better workforce with in the company. To support the arguments in the essay, the evidence are taken from the published scholarly articles. In the beginning of the essay we understand the role of SHRM, issues related to shifts in global labor market and its impact on organizations where recruitment, retention and career development of staff have become major challenge to the companies. We can also understand how employer formulates the strategy or strategies to retain the skilled employees with in the company. The role of HR executives in the SHRM and Organizational Performance are raising needs for the business and in the next future the HR will play a vital task in achieving the competitive advantage of the company. One international review shows that HR needs to be strategically planned to achieve competitive advantage by being more amenable...
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...There is one special type of country called migrate country such as America,British,Australia and etc .These countries share a common feature,the population structure of all those immigration countries is mainly constituted by two parts the national citizen and immigration.This phenomenon caused a complex social relationship. It benefits the economic,industry,agriculture and construction of immigrate countries.However,the large-scale immigration also brings about many problems such as religion conflicts,educational inbalance and violent crime.This essay will discuss the advantages and disadvantages for a large-scale immigration country from economic and social perspectives. The economic impact of immigration has been intensively studied. Whatever the source of immigration, It has an important impact on the mainly three area of economic in immigration countries -the the labour market, the public purse and economic growth.First of all immigrants accounted for 47persent of the increase in the workforce in the United States and 70persent in Europe over the past ten years. Immigrants fill important niches both in fast-growing and declining sectors of the economy.Secondly In the public purse part Immigrants contribute more in taxes and social contributions than they receive in benefits and employment is the single biggest determinant of net fiscal contribution of immigrants. Finally immigration boosts the working-age population which benefits economic growth of countries(OECD,2014)...
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...Immigration Immigration is the act of moving to reside in another country permanently. People who immigrate is called immigrant or can be considered as permanent resident. In the old days, people immigrate to another country due to many factors such as changing climate, inadequate supply of food and wars. The pace of migration had accelerated since the 18th century due to the involuntary slave trade and then followed by industrialization in the 19th century. But nowadays, there are varies of reason that motivate immigration. In this essay, I will write about the factors that motivate migration and challenges immigrants face in the new country. There are both pull and push factors that motivate migration. According to Lewis (1982),” environmental, economic, political and social problems can be categorized as push factors in migration.” Lack of employment opportunities is one of the main problems in immigration, such as in Indonesia. Indonesia ranks the 4 largest population in the world. With so many competitors to emulate with, it’s difficult to find job. The pays is not good and some are unable to support their family and is forced to be a labor in foreign countries. So, there are many people immigrate to another country hoped to get a job in there and start their new life. In Indonesia, safety is what people fear of. Criminality occurs everywhere, especially in big cities such as Jakarta and Surabaya. In 2011, there were reported 54,799 violent crimes, 64 murders, 68 rapes...
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...Assignment 2 Fairness DEAKIN UNIVERSITY ECL 776 - Language Testing and Assessment Unit Chair: Dr. Rod Neilson Adam Scott 500148222 Introduction Testing is a fundamental aspect of human nature and society. Humans have used tests for psychological and physical inclusion since history began. The importance is evident in early literature such as Homeric text where allusions to testing are personified as gods challenging man. Undoubtedly, tests in those times had their own high-stakes nature, perhaps being the life of an individual, and while this may seem extreme and unfair in the twenty-first century, in its context was perhaps necessary to ensure the survival of a group. This protectionism no doubt persists today, evident in social policy and language norms. Although the stakes have changed, entry to a society is no less high contextually in terms of financial and emotional currency. Now as the dominant species the survival of the fittest no longer seems relevant, so attention must be drawn to current gate-keeping practices and not only their necessity but also whether or not they are fair. While language testing has become standard practice in many countries it has also become politicized especially as a means of power (Hamp-Lyons, 1997a; Shohamy, 2001). In this case the term fairness becomes problematic because determining whether it is society or the political class who has set the standards has many implications. Language testing systems employed by governments...
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...educationally disadvantaged group of people within Australia. Due to a lack of knowledge of Indigenous educational practices, and a lack of research into the high rates of detentions, absenteeism and suspensions for Indigenous students, attendance rates across all levels of education are lower for Indigenous students than those of non-Indigenous students. Research and government policy is now attempting to address these issues. Through culturally sensitive policies of inclusion, and focused strategies embedding Indigenous perspectives in education models, progress is possible towards alleviating the current poor state of Indigenous students in the Australian school system. The State of Aboriginal Education All young Australians are entitled to equal educational opportunity. Until Indigenous Australians can choose from the same range of futures as other Australians, we are not achieving our nation’s promise as a democratic society (Kemp, D. in METYA, 2000, pg. 3). Aboriginal people have been described as the most educationally disadvantaged group of people within Australia (ATSISJC, 1995). Their attendance rates across all levels of education are lower than those of non-Indigenous Australia (ABS, 2006). Poverty, health problems, infant mortality, infectious diseases, and a life expectancy that is between 15 to 20 years lower are all major factors adversely affecting their education potential (ATSISJC 1995; ABS, 2006). This essay will review strategies from government...
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