...Growth and Development Sophie Evans Jill Windes ECE205 11/19/12 Growth and Development Many people use growth and development interchangeably when they are actually two separate things. Growth is physical changes leading to increase in size (Allen, 2009). Growth is measured; “the growth rate is rapid during the prenatal, neonatal, infancy and adolescent stages and slows during childhood” (Scibd, 2012). In comparison, development refers to an increase in complexity-a change from the relatively simple to the more complicated and detailed (Allen, 2009). Development is not growth as in when a child increases in size, but it is the growth of behavior;”development is also influenced by heredity, environmental factors, culture, and family values unique to each individual” (Allen, 2009). Growth is measured by charts whereas there are domains of development that are met to measure the growth of development. In this paper I am going to discuss the six major areas of development domains, an analysis of developmental milestones, and explain factors of what can contribute to atypical development. There are six major areas of developmental domains: physical, motor, perceptual, cognitive, speech and language, and social-emotional. Allen (2009) states, “Each is integrally related to and interdependent with each of the others in the overall developmental process” (pg. 35). Basically, one area of development is influenced by another area of development and so on and so forth...
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...Berger states that, “The science of human development seeks to understand how and why people— all kinds of people, everywhere, of every age—change over time. This definition has three crucial elements: science, people, and change” (2012). The science in development is known as multidisciplinary; which means from scientists from many academic disciplines biology, psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics all contribute to our understanding of human development (Berger, 2012). Children have a set of universal developmental milestones that they will all reach upon a certain time. When children are meeting their developmental milestones there are factors that can come into play that can cause the milestones to vary such as cultural, biological, and environmental. Different cultures have different expectations for their children that can affect their developmental milestones. A milestone that is expected from a specific culture is known as cultural milestone. For instance the Chinese culture used to bind young girls feet, which would hinder their bone development and could also affect the way that they walked (Karasik, Adolph, Tamis-LeMonda, Bornstein, 2010). Cultural milestones can affect the child from reaching or progressing a universal milestone. Another way that development can vary is due to biology or the genetics that are passed down. The interaction of genes from the mother and genes from the father affects the embryo’s growth in many ways (Berger, 2012). Genetics...
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...stage is the first stage of Piaget’s cognitive development and occurs from birth to about age two. It focuses on infants with their use of their senses, hearing and seeing, including motor skills, such as sucking, hand-mouth coordination, and holding bottles to understand and learn their environment around them. Children in this stage will develop object permanence. Object permanence is the knowledge and Cognitive Development of Infancy and Childhood understanding that objects still exist even if the object cannot be seen, heard or touched. An adult may hide a stuff toy inside a basket from a 5-month–old baby. The baby will believe that the stuff toy no longer exists because it cannot be seen or touched by the baby due to the baby not having the knowledge of object permanence. The knowledge of object permanence will soon develop around the age of nine months. The baby will develop simple logical solutions and understand that the toy still exists inside the basket. Understanding of object permanence and gaining senses and motor skills indentifies progress to the next stage of preoperational. Preoperational The preoperational stage occurs from age two to seven years...
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...emotional development. Infants enter the world with a limited range of skills and abilities. Watching a child develop new motor, cognitive, language and social skills is a source of wonder for parents and caregivers. The study of human development is a rich and varied subject. We all have personal experience with development, but it is sometimes difficult to understand exactly how and why people grow, learn and change. Developmental psychology seeks to understand and explain how people grow and change through the entire lifespan. Researchers study the enormous range of influences including how genetics shape a child's development as well as how experiences play a role. Let's take a closer look at early childhood development including the basics of physical development and psychological growth. As a child matures, parents eagerly await important milestones such as learning how to roll over and crawl. Each of these represents a part of physical development. The maturation process happens in an orderly manner; that is, certain skills and abilities generally occur before other milestones are reached. For example, most infants learn to crawl before they learn to walk. However, it is also important to realize that the rate at which these milestones are reached can vary. Some children learn to walk earlier than their same-age peers, while others may take a bit longer. Motor Skill Development As a child grows, his or her nervous system becomes more mature. As this happens, the child becomes...
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...discuss what PILES stands for, how physical development is interrelated with social development, and how intellectual development is interrelated with emotional development. First I’ll start with what PILES stands for. Each Letter stands for a domain for development. The letter P is for Physical Development and it includes large and small muscle skills, eye hand coordination, physical coordination, and directionality. The letter I represents Intellectual Development which as the characteristics of creativity, labeling shapes and objects, solving problems, developing planning skills, compare and contrast materials, and cause and effect relationships. Language Development stands for the letter L and its characteristics are names for the materials, talking about art works, and expressing words and feelings. The last two letters E and S stand for Emotional Development and Social Development. They actually share the same characteristics of express feelings/ understand other’s feelings, channel anger in acceptable way, assert individuality, pride and self-esteem, share and cooperate, explore social roles, and task completion. All of those are very important in early childhood education. Physical Development is interrelated with social development because the development of growth of a child’s body, muscles, and senses directly affects how a child relates, plays and talks to others. When a child is not progressing properly in physical development they will also fall behind in their social...
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...Development and Child Growth ECE 205 Introduction to Child Development April 9, 2012 We talk about the descriptions of child development and growth stages and what they mean and how we look at those stages and how a child will develop and growth through these changes as well. When we talk about growth we are talking about the actual size and the physical changes that a child makes over time, We talk about how the cells in the body change and with time change and expand or enlarge which is what increases the growth and the height of a child, also their weight, the circumference of their head, hands, shoe size, arm growth, and last but not least there body shape as well. Allen, K & Martoz, L (2010) When we look at children they all develop differently some will growth mentally at a faster pace than others, and others will grow physically faster than others. Infants will become more of their surroundings and with those stages of infant growths and starting out would be the rooting and sucking reflex which is a very big part of growth because that is a part of survival and that also starts to create them to be able to turn their heads. Some of the other major growths that happen with infants when they are starting to grow would be the Moro reflex, Palamar grasp reflex, babinski reflex, and last but not least the stepping and walking reflex. As those stages start to happen then you have the cognitive development and those stages would start out by the senorimotor stage...
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...toddler Infant/Toddler Michelle Barnhart Child Development Jessica Rodriguez June 5, 2012 “For infants and toddlers learning and living is the same thing. If they feel secure, treasured, loved, their own energy and curiosity will bring them new understanding and new skills”. There are many factors that contribute to an infant or toddler’s development; these characteristics are known as milestones. “Milestones are punctuations in a baby's growth and development. Milestones of physical development proceed from head to toe. Hence, the child first learns to control his head, then his body, arms and then legs. These milestones provide a guide to parents telling them what to expect and when to expect it.”(Physical development in Infants starts right at birth. Infants cannot control their body movements. Most of their movements are called reflexes. Their nervous system is not entirely developed. During the first months, infants can see clearly objects that are about 10 inches away from their faces. This is why holding baby close and looking at them face to face is important with bonding. By six months, their vision is more fully developed. By four months, most babies have some control of their muscles and nervous system. They can sit with support, hold their head up for short periods of time, and can roll from their side to their stomach. By five months, most babies can roll over. The next characteristic of infant development is social and emotional. . Babies cry to express...
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...growth, or maintenance. We need six major nutrients, which can be organized into three categories. The first category, macronutrients, includes those three that we need in large supply (grams daily). The micronutrients are needed in smaller amounts (micrograms to milligrams). Finally, there is water, which does much more than keep us hydrated., Child Development. Child development is the continuous process of growth of a child from birth until adulthood. The positive experiences children have in their early years are critical for progress in all domains of development, including cognition, emotion, language, motor skills, and social abilities. A child’s development can be measured by observing when the child reaches milestones in each of these areas. For instance, in the motor skills area, a young child often begins to walk at approximately 12–14 months, but it is not unusual for a child to begin as early as 9 months or as late as 18 months. Intellectual Development 0-2 years of age Children at this age learn by exploring with their hands and mouth. They bang, throw, drop, shake, and put items in their mouths. Physical Development 3-5 years of age children are Hopping, climbing, swinging, and doing somersaults begin at this stage. By age 5, many kids can stand on one foot for at least 10 seconds. Young teens ages 10-14 are going through such dramatic changes, it’s normal for them to swing from being happy to being sad or from feeling...
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...Stage of Development: Infant/Toddler Erika Salvador ECE 332 Child Development Carrie Phillips April 5, 2012 Stage of Development: Infant/Toddler Neonates from the moment of conception to the point of delivery are dependent on their mother to live a healthy life style to avoid the obvious risks of delivering a child with abnormalities. Neonates are born with the instinct that they need to be nurtured, loved and cared for. Bonding is the formation of feelings of attachment between the parents and their children (Rathus, 2011). In order for a bond to occur between the neonate and the mother the mother must provide a healthy nurturing experience to help enrich her neonate’s physical growth and development. Developmental characteristics and milestones of infants and toddlers are many. Between birth and three, children rapidly achieve many important milestones that create the foundation for later growth and development ( Haliburton, 2004). Children must feel safe and secure to develop that sense of trust which then creates independence in the later years. Children are all different and their milestones at their own pace, however they need support of their parent and caregiver in order for this to happen. At the age group from birth to 8months their characteristics are as follows: * Reaches towards interesting objects * Puts hand/objects in mouth * Repeatedly grasps and releases objects * Lifts and holds up head * Sits up alone * Rolls over ...
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...Child Growth and Development Home and Family Life June 10, 2009 Growth and Development For every human being, the process of growth and development begins at birth and continues until we die. Growth is defined as the process of increasing in physical size, while development is the process of maturation and the refinement of body systems, thought processes and judgment. Child development unfolds in a complex manner as he or she interacts with the surrounding environment. Although some children may grow and develop a little earlier or later than others, they tend to follow a general pattern of progression. A child's development can be followed by how they play, learn, speak, and behave. The tasks and skills the child learns during the different stages of development are referred to as developmental milestones. Milestones develop in a sequential fashion. This means that a child will need to develop one set of skills before he or she can develop new skills. For example, children must first learn to crawl and to pull up to a standing position before they are able to walk. Each milestone that a child acquires builds on the last milestone developed. I had the opportunity to observe a two year old female child at Home and Family life. The child at this age is growing at a rapid pace and usually gains approximately 8 oz or more per month. The child I observed was able to demonstrate some fine motor skills such as stacking blocks on top of each other and then knocking them down...
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...Child development is a process every child goes through. This process involves learning and mastering skills like sitting, walking, talking, skipping, and tying shoes. Children learn these skills called developmental milestones, during predictable time periods. There are five main areas of development: Cognitive, Socio-emotional, Language, Fine motor skill, and Gross motor skill development. All of these areas correlates to each other. However, the differences of cognitive and language development on a child’s growth is the main focus of this paper. What is Cognitive Development? “Cognitive development is the construction of thought processes, including remembering, problem solving, and decision-making, from childhood through adolescence to...
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...Child Development: Early Childhood Shaniela Jarrett DEP2004 Child Development: Early Childhood From the immediate beginning of every human beings life they develop in one way or another. The beginning of a human beings development and all its aspects starts with infancy and progresses for the duration of one’s life span. Toddlers and young children are thought to be influenced by their everyday surroundings. An adolescent’s cognitive and social aspects of development are formed and shaped from an early age, along with their perception, language, motor skills, and speech. A young adolescent’s lifecycle is heavy influenced by the involvement of their parents and family members, this is crucial to a young child’s life. Once an adolescent becomes of age to attend school, they will also start to adjust to the atmosphere of the school they are attending as well as the instructive setting in the school; this will also play a role in an adolescent’s cognitive development and social skills. The body’s growth in the first couple years of early childhood stage with attenuate into a slower growth pattern. A child adds approximately 2 to 3 inches in stature and around 5 pounds in weight each year, girls will be slightly smaller than boys. From Infancy to Early childhood, one with experience skeletal growth, between the ages of 2 and 6 will grow approximately 45 new pineal, where cartilage will strengthen forming various parts of the skeletons. Children start losing their primary tooth...
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...Lifespan Development and Personality Luis Cervantes PSY/103 January 11, 2016 Susanne Nishino Lifespan Development and Personality Developmental psychology is the study of how human beings age and transform throughout the eight major stages of life. This paper will focus on the physical, cognitive, social, moral, and personality development of individuals found in stage two, (early childhood 1-6 year olds). Through exploring, and examining the countless influences that affect their growth development. The physical growth transformations infants undergo in stage two of lifespan development range from, brain, motor, to sensory/perceptual development, and infant’s overall body height and weight. During the first two years, brain development and the central nervous system experience the most growth increase of any other infant’s body parts. Brain growth and learning transpire simply because neurons grow in size and the number of axons and dendrites, escalate (Carpenter S, & Huffman K. 2013a. pp. 237, 238). Meanwhile on the outside of the infant’s skull the fontanels or soft spots close off (Bjorklund, D. F., & Bering, J. M. 2002., pp. 272- 275). Motor skill development fall into two categories fine, and gross motor skills. Fine motor skill development involves the muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems generating precise operations of motions on the infant hands (Fluetsch, K. 2015 p. 9). Example of fine motor skills, a child’s ability to grasp a fork, spoon,...
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... Unit F922: Child development The portfolio work you produce for this assignment will be assessed to decide your mark for this unit. You need to produce evidence based on the study of a child up to the age of eight years. NB: To enable you to fully cover the requirements of this unit, the child you choose should be at least eight years old as it is difficult to project the development of the child. Your evidence needs to include: A description of two patterns (milestones) in each area of development of children, described from birth to eight years explaining two methods of monitoring development An explanation of the factors that have influenced the child studied and how they have affected his/her development, comparing their development with the norms Research relating to two roles of play and how they can be reflected in the development of the child studied Records of the planning of a learning aid for the child studied to use and an evaluation of the effectiveness of the aid and the benefits to the child studied. (You will use a different child under 8 years for AO4) PATTERNS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT (AO1 A) Identify the key stages and describe in detail two patterns (milestones) of development for each of the following: Physical growth and development (suggest 1 dev & 1 growth, eg gross motor skills & teeth) Intellectual development (suggest cognitive & writing) Language development (have to do verbal & non-verbal) ...
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...Cognitive Developmental Milestones Cognitive milestones represent important steps forward in a child's development. Throughout human history, babies were often thought of as simple, passive beings. Prior to the 20th-century, children were often seen simply as miniature versions of adults. It wasn't until psychologists like Jean Piaget proposed that children actually think differently that adults do that people began to view childhood and adolescence as a unique period of growth and development. Adults often dismissed the remarkable intellectual skills of infants and very young children, but modern thinkers and researchers have discovered that babies are in fact always learning, thinking and exploring the world around them. Even newborn infants are actively taking in information and learning new things. In addition to gathering new information about the people around and world around them, babies are also constantly discovering new things about themselves. From Birth to 3 Months The first three months of a child's life are a time of wonder. Major developmental milestones at this age are centered on exploring the basic senses and learning more about the body and the environment. During this period, most infants begin to: * See objects more clearly within a distance of 13 inches * Focus on moving objects, including the faces of caregivers * Tell between sweet, salty, bitter and sour tastes * Detect differences in pitch and volume * See all colors in the human...
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