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Miligram

In: Philosophy and Psychology

Submitted By drtash
Words 317
Pages 2
Milgram’s aim was to find a way to understand why individuals obey to an authority figure. By gaining volunteers he advertised in the local newspapers, asking if people would participate in a study concerning the effect of punishment on learning. The ‘real’ or ‘naïve’ participants in the study believed that they were randomly given the role of either the ‘teacher’ or the ‘learner’ but actually it was fixed that every time they were the learner, the other participant was actually a confederate, or ‘stooge’. The naïve participants were instructed to give electric shocks to another individual, who was the learner, the learner was the confederate but the naïve participant was unaware of this. Each shock would be increased by 15 volts each time a learner would give an incorrect answer to a question. But, no electric shocks were actually given (with the exception of one administered to the real participant to deceive them into thinking the shock machine actually worked). By giving clear indications of distress, the learner would shout and complain and then go silent suggesting they were did. If the participants refused to administer an electric shock the experimenter would sternly order them to continue with the experiment. The experimenter, who was the authority figure in the experiment used a number of verbal prompts to persuade the participants to continue with the experiment. After the experiment had been done the participants were fully debriefed on what Milgram’s true intention was and followed up a year later to check on their psychological states.
Milgram interestingly found that 100% of the naïve participants administered electric shocks that were up to 300 volts. Before performing the experiment a prediction was made by top psychologists that only 1% of the participants would have done this, and the 1% would’ve been those of a psychopathic nature. 65% of the participants gave the shocks up until the maximum 450 volts. These

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