...Reflection Paper This reflection paper describes three large sections of the author trying to convey. These three parts are Strategic Management from the writer’s point of views, Strategic Management from the participants or students’ perspectives in class discussions and application Strategic Management in everyday life, especially in the military context. 1. Strategic Management from My Point of Views Before implementing a selected strategy from several alternatives, we should carefully analyze and consider the selected strategy. Strategy analysis can take a longer time before coming to the decision-making process. The intention is that an organization will be on the effective condition and position in attempting created goals and objectives in various influences from internal as well as external factors. Sometimes internal and external factors change the level of intensity and urgency in conducting certain kinds of strategic decisions completely. The orientation of such specific strategies based on various assumptions is related to the assumption which has been used by the planner, in this case, a manager or leader in an organization to produce a decisive strategy. Managers or leaders have to fully aware that all consequences from the implementation of the strategy are being measured and estimated appropriately. After an organization formulating their strategy, then the working units in the organization can set some technical ways in conducting the strategy. The next step...
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...CHAPTER – 7 INFORMATON OPERATION “There is a war out there, old friend- a World War. And it’s not about whose got the most bullets; it’s about who controls the information.” Cosmo, in the 1992 Film “Sneakers” 0701. Introduction The instruments of national power (diplomatic, informational, military, and economic) provide leaders with the means and ways of dealing with crises around the world. Employing these means in the information environment requires the ability to securely transmit, receive, store, and process information in the real time. The nation’s state and non-state adversaries are equally aware of the significance of new technology, and will use information-related capabilities (IRCs) to gain advantages in the information environment, just as they would use more traditional military technologies to gain advantages in other operational environments. As the strategic environment continues to change, so does Information Operations (IO). Based on these changes, the present world now characterizes IO as the integrated employment, during military operations, of IRCs in concert with other lines of operation to influence, disrupt, corrupt, or take over the decision making of adversaries and potential adversaries while protecting our own. 0702. Background Information Operations are an evolving construct with roots back to olden times, thus it is both an old and a new concept. The late 1970 world saw the materialization of Information Warfare (IW) and Command and Control...
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...Analysis of an Ethical Conflict in Practice: Battlefield Nursing by Jonathan Wells A PAPER Submitted to the faculty of the Excelsior College, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Nursing. ALBANY, NY 2012 Abstract In the legal world that we live in, we are constantly at risk of facing ethical dilemmas that may arise from conflicting legal obligations. If caring is important in nursing, then nurses will have to make a concerted effort to define a specific duty of care in clinical, administrative, educational, research and military environments. In order to fully preserve tradition and concept of caring within the profession of nursing, we must make every effort to understand its ethical implications and provide the guidance needed for navigating dilemmas that regularly arise in relation to it. Analysis of an Ethical Conflict in Practice: Battlefield Nursing This paper will provide a brief overview of a possible ethical dilemma that may arise within the field or nursing during war time. It will then move on to explain the multiple ethical issues within the overall situation, the decision making model that the author has chosen to apply to the dilemma, and the stakeholders with their possible interest in the decision making process. With this information defined, the paper will move on to state the author’s derived solution to the situation, as well as a moral justification for the plan of action to be implemented...
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...Ethical Decision-Making in the Military Decision-Making Process Contribution to the JSCOPE 2000 Conference “Moral Considerations in Military Decision Making”. Dr. D. (Desiree) Verweij Lieutenant Colonel G.A.A.M. (Gérard) Cloïn (drs.) Major E.C. (Erhan) Tanercan MED (drs.) E-mail: ilmo@army.disp.mindef.nl Tel: +31 76 527 46 53 begin_of_the_skype_highlighting +31 76 527 46 53 end_of_the_skype_highlighting Introduction A great deal has changed in the Royal Netherlands Army (RNLA) in recent years. Not only has the task of the RNLA changed, but so has its composition. To begin with the first aspect: the task of the RNLA and that of the armed forces as a whole has been extended. This means that operations outside the Netherlands in all manner of international frameworks, such as the UN and NATO, have become the rule rather than the exception. The composition of the RNLA and of the armed forces has also changed. We no longer have conscripts in our army; we have all-volunteer forces, forces that wish to reflect society on a number of important counts. One of the significant consequences of the changes in respect of the new task and composition of the armed forces is the confrontation with different cultures and with different and new values and standards. To ensure that military personnel are able to deal with this situation in a professional manner, education in ethics is extremely important. This article elaborates on...
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...Coordination between the Military and Civilian Organisations: Issues and Solutions The work described in this document has been undertaken by the Human Factors Integration Defence Technology Centre, part funded by the Human Capability Domain of the U.K. Ministry of Defence Scientific Research Programme. © BAE Systems 2009 The authors of this report have asserted their moral rights under the Copyright, Designs and Patents act, 1988, to be identified as the authors of this work. Reference ...........................................HFIDTC/2/WP3.1.4/3 Version.................................................................................2 Date............................................................... 19th May 2009 © BAE Systems 2009. Issued by Aerosystems International Ltd on behalf of the HFI DTC consortium. The HFI DTC consortium consists of Aerosystems International Ltd, Cranfield University, Lockheed Martin, MBDA, SEA, Brunel University, Southampton University and the University of Birmingham HFIDTC/2/WP3.1.4/3 Version 2/ 19th May 2009 Authors Paul Salmon Daniel Jenkins Neville Stanton Guy Walker Brunel University Brunel University Brunel University Brunel University ii HFIDTC/2/WP3.1.4/3 Version 2/ 19th May 2009 Contents 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Executive Summary ................................................................................... 1 Background and reasoning behind the work ...................................................
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...Decision Making Analysis SEC 390 December 16, 2013 Decision Making Analysis Decision Making Process When in front of a tough situation, people go through a process of choosing the right decision for that situation, known as decision making (Schermerhorn, Hunt, Osborn, & Uhl-Bien, p. 208, 2010). The decision making has five steps; define problem, analyze alternatives, make a decision, take action, and evaluate the result. This paper discusses how to solve a problem by utilizing the decision making process, was the supervisor involved with the problem, what were the strengths and weakness of the decision approach, and if the decision maker has experience any cognitive dissonance since making the decision. Define Problem A soldier showed up late to fail to report to first formation and was late to work. Also, the sergeant noticed that the soldier had a scent of alcohol. Reporting late to formation is a violation of Article 86 and Article 92; showing up to work under the influence of alcohol is a violation of Article 112, which are all punishable under the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ). Analyze Alternatives There are two ways to deal with this situation, which can be certain environments for the sergeant. According to Schermerhorn, Hunt, Osborn, and Uhl-Bien (2010), “Certain environments provide full information on the expected results for decision-making alternatives” (p. 211). The sergeant can recommend the soldier to be punish under the Uniform Code...
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...evaluation. The three fundamental strategy-evaluation activities are (1) reviewing external and internal factors that are the bases for current strategies, (2) measuring performance, and (3) taking corrective actions 4. How important do you feel “being adept at adapting” is for business firms? Explain. The strategic-management process is based on the belief that organizations should continually monitor internal and external events and trends so that timely changes can be made as needed. 5. Compare the opossum and turtle to the woolly mammoth and saber tooth tiger in terms of being adept at adapting. Students’ answers will vary, but students are likely to make the argument that those species that are adept at adapting are able to survive, while those that are unable to adapt are more likely to perish and become extinct. 6. As cited in the chapter, Edward Deming, a famous businessman, once said, “in God we trust. All others bring data.” What did Deming mean in terms of developing a strategic plan? The strategic-management process can be described as an objective, logical, systematic approach for making major business decisions in an organization. It attempts to organize...
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...Individual Ethical Decision-Making Analysis It doesn’t matter in any organization, opposed ethics and values will come into play sooner or later. Everybody has their own opinions; everybody has their own morals to chase. But, it is imperative to comprehend how to deal with people who have differing values and choices when conflicts occur. When you belong to a certain kind of branch of the government like the U.S. armed forces, the best result to deal with ethical decision making and values is follow a decision making process that follows standards of Integrity, Duty and Honor. PFC Alexander, a female Soldier of my squad, accomplished the awareness inventory which indicated that her ethical viewpoint stems from a conviction of obligation or duty. The inventory pointed out that PFC Alexander’s belief system is based on what a rational individual ought to morally do. This faith is also in line with the armed forces. The armed forces focal point is on what is right and morally right. The armed forces; also inspires a core sense of code of honor, value and integrity. The armed forces provide: structure and creates the guidelines that enlisted men follow. This structure is based on the significance of obligation, duty and integrity. PFC Alexander ethical style inventory signify that she thinks that all human beings have a right to individual as well as an individuality respect. The inventory also indicates that PFC Alexander does not consider in judgments that occur based...
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...The Shortfalls of Problem Solving; An Analysis of Admiral Kimmel’s Actions at Pearl Harbor By Tessa Eastman, Devin Eble, Maurice Hunt, Chirag Shah, Stephen Wassef and Obundah Wenah Wayne State University BA7040 While delivering his speech to millions of Americans in shock and disbelief at the horrific events that took place in Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt said “December 7, 1941—a date which will live in infamy—the United States of America was suddenly [..] attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan”. The infamy associated with this date continues as many still look back and try to understand how a large scale attack became possible. Admiral Kimmel, commander in Chief of the Pacific Fleet, made many mistakes in his problem solving process leading up to December 7, 1941 and lacked the implementation skills that could have saved thousands of lives, as well as deter U.S. involvement in WWII. This paper will first analyze the “failures” of Admiral Kimmel’s decision making then provide new insight into the application of these concepts. Devising a well-thought out strategy is the first part in preparation for war. Making that strategy flexible and subject to change is another part. Admiral Kimmel and his associates devised a plan based on a “long, hard war with Japan and the difficulties of mobilizing scarce resources in manpower and material” (Admiral Kimmel’s Failure at Pearl Harbor, pg. 1). The plan was a reflection of his personal cognitive styles...
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...Ethical Decision Making in the Military Ethical Decision Making in the Military Lawren John Doyle Business Ethics 323 Professor Smith July 25, 2012 Thesis The American public is bombarded with ethics violations on all levels, including corporate scandals, university cover-ups, and wasteful government spending. Ethical leaders are becoming important now more than ever. If basic, common sense ethics had been exercised, the economy would not be in the situation it is in today. The military has been known for creating exceptional leaders, but just like any other organization, there is always room for improvement. In the military, it is extremely important to make ethical decisions. Leaders are entrusted with hard-earned taxpayer dollars and the lives of America’s most valuable asset, people. This paper focuses on the importance of making sound ethical decisions. Leaders operating overseas must use ethics as a cornerstone in their decision making process to ensure commanders are able to maximize resources and to promote a culture of integrity for soldiers to emulate when they become leaders. During a recent deployment, our Task Force conducted a series of Joint Combined Exercise Training blocks to build relationships with foreign allies. One of the well-respected platoon leaders began writing inaccurate reports that embellished the positive points and left out the negative points to demonstrate his superior management skills. When others in the team were asked to...
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... The business research process is about learning everything there is to know about an organization, the consumers, competitors and the trade. The main points are trying to figure what products or services to offer, what consumers are likely to buy them, the region as to where to sell or buy them, and lastly the pricing. By following the important steps of business research a company is able to achieve these objectives. Business research was used in the military but in different ways Identifying Competitors - The mission of the military when it comes to new soldiers is to attract and retain quality soldiers. For instance the Army (the branch I was enlisted in) is facing tough competition when trying to maintain or attracting recruits and enlisted personal of all components and ranks. This is due to the low momentum of the recruiting efforts and potential recruits and that is why they are offering enlist or re-enlistment bonuses which is a financial incentive that is not given in the civilian hiring world. Since, the real world is their true competitors. Studying Customers - The needs and wants of the new recruits and re- enlistment are very essential. So before initiating these incentive programs, I believe that the military would have to establish what the needs and wants are of enlist and re-enlistments. An essential point, just like a product is to make sure that when taking on this challenge that the solders needs are met in this process. That is why primary research...
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...Page 4 What Is Strategic Management? 4. Optimizing for tomorrow the trends of today is the purpose of strategic management. Ans: F Page: 5 5. Even though useful, strategic planning has been cast aside by corporate America since the early 1990s. Ans: F Page: 5 Resource allocation is included in strategy-formulation activities. Ans: T Page: 5 6. The terms strategic management and strategy implementation are synonymous. Ans: F Page: 5 7. A vision statement is, in essence, a company’s game plan. Ans: F Page: 5 8. Strategy implementation is often considered to be the most difficult stage in the strategic-management process because it requires personal discipline, commitment and sacrifice. Ans: T Page: 6 9. The final stage in strategic management is strategy implementation. Ans: F Page 6 10. Strategy formulation, implementation and evaluation activities occur at three hierarchical levels in a large diversified organization: corporate, divisional and functional. Ans: T Page: 6 11. One of the fundamental strategy evaluation activities is reviewing external and internal factors that are the bases for current strategies. Ans: T Page:...
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...An independent judiciary maintains the rule of law as a means to prevent the authoritarian tendencies of political actors and the executive branch. The absence of judicial review procedures and the manipulation of the legal system present dangers to the rule of law. Overall, the historical nature of this thesis allows it to serve as a reference for future studies in the fields of (a) governance theory, (b) process of democratization, and (c) government in Turkey. This is all even truer in light of the significant number of legal changes since 2007. Maintaining the trust of the public is essential for the functioning of democracy and the judiciary. This relationship has received widespread attention from scholars and has been studied thoroughly. Analyzing the literature in these areas and identifying the dimensions of this relationship is crucial for understanding the democratic consolidation process in...
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...to Intelligence 28 December 2014 American Military University Many of the intelligence community’s (IC) greatest triumphs can be traced back to the use of multiple intelligence methods. As Clark so eloquently stated, “The game of intelligence collection is a multidisciplinary endeavor.” Employment of multiple platforms, sensors, and techniques provides advantages for the analyst to produce valuable strategic intelligence. Collaborative intelligence not only creates accurate and timely information, collaborative intelligence can also reduce wasteful endeavors. For example, a Congressional directed staff committee recently found the IC must increase collaboration among its intelligence systems. On the other hand, information based on a single source is deficient, and does not produce qualitative assessments. According to Anissa Frini, “Stovepiping keeps the output of different collection systems separated from one another and thus, it prevents one discipline from cross-checking another.” The lack of collaborated intelligence can lead to erroneous reporting and deception by the adversary. In order for policymakers to formulate strategic plans, information or rather intelligence gathered must have a holistic and integrated perspective. This paper will begin by highlighting the value of strategic intelligence to policymakers and leadership, the advantages of employing multiple intelligence methods, and will focus on analysis based from an all-source perspective which is...
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...and will require new skills, new attitudes and differing perspectives of the Officer’s trinity. INTRODUCTION There is a plethora of literature on leadership, management and command. In the civilian (business) market, there are – literally – thousands of books on leadership; management; and leadership and management as a ‘dual’ concept. However, there are no books in the business market on what the military call ‘command’.[i] In contrast, in the military domain, there are an equal amount of books on leadership; command; and leadership and command together. However, very little has been written – to date – about military management; this represents a very serious limitation. New business practices and performance management systems now require capable senior managers and leaders and private sector organizations have found clear strategic benefit in providing a structured approach to the developmental needs of senior executives. Although it is recognized that leadership, management and command are closely related (especially in the military environment), comparatively little has been written on the nature and practice on the 3 subjects as ‘a state of being three’. This view has also been recognised in the recent Defence Training Review Report where it states: “The pressures of limited resources and increased accountability have placed new demands on Ministry of Defence leaders, as has the challenge of leading a more diverse workforce…in parallel, our...
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