...Correlation vs. Causation from the High- to the Late- Middle Ages (1000-1500) A comparative book review of Castles, Battles and Bombs: How Economics Explains Military History by Jurgen Brauer and Hubert van Tuyll and Battle: A History of Culture and Combat by John Lynn Nicole Campagnola 0774953 HIST*2040 (DE) W13 Professor Davison March 31, 2013 Despite proven facts and primary sources, historical investigation always has an element of subjectivity. Each historian has a different perspective, and focuses on different events and principles. Different historians and authors will often reflect upon the work of their peers, so an educated reader has the opportunity to decrease bias by expanding the list of sources that information comes from. Information that is accurately cited from appropriate sources does not always have a concrete and inarguable conclusion. There will always be differentiations based on the perspective that the author is striving to communicate, and the original intent behind their research. Castles, Battles and Bombs: How Economics Explains Military History by Jurgen Brauer (an economist) and Hubert van Tuyll (a historian) focuses on historical events with the foundation of economic principles, and uses these principles to explain past military decisions and strategies. Battle: A History of Culture and Combat by John Lynn argues that most historians have mistakenly defined styles of warfare and resulting successes based on technological...
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...Final Paper Women and Girl Rights The issue of gender equality has always been and will always be a topic of controversy. The International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) defines “gender equality as the measurable equal representation of women and men not seen as the same but having equal values and should be accorded equal treatment” the right to see women and girls as not the same as men and boys but should be given equal opportunity in every facet of life is a debate that will linger for a very longer time not because laws have not been put in place to uphold it because its implementation will require adequate follow up and time. The way the society sees women plays a crucial role in gender equality. Gender role affects the way women and men are expected to behave and act in a given society and this behavior differs among cultures and ethnic groups. The role of a girl or boy is first initiated by their parents. The mother of a girl child is usually more protective of her and she is taught different etiquettes which she must follow and if not obliged she is seen as wayward and a societal misfit. The fiction “Girl” by Jamaica Kincaid illustrates this when she writes “this is how you….this is how you behave in the presence of men who don’t know you very well, and this way they won’t recognize immediately the slut I have warned you against becoming” this depicts how a girl is expected to live by certain rules made by her mother to protect her from becoming a “no good”...
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...form of art to myself is music. Music has always been a large part of my life. In total, I play 5 instruments. Guitar is the primary instrument I choose to play. My grandfather taught me as a child and I have continued to play every day for many years. I began to perform at a young age in churches and community functions. Later, in high school I started a band with a few other local musicians and we played together for about 4 years. Currently I am in a band composed of all military members; we often play in different small venues in Las Vegas, Nevada. Without music, I would not fell like a complete person. It has played such a huge role in my upbrining. Cinema is the next most important form that influences me. Cinema has also played a large role in my life. I have a large collection of movies and consider myself a movie buff when it comes to quotes and information about each film. I enjoy the entertainment value that cinema brings to the table, as well as many others do. I know look for the artistic value as...
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...Vince knew his place in the society as an influential figure. He took advantage of his position to teach his team members as well the community around Green Bay the value of unity regardless of race and ethnicity. This is apparent in his decisions to tax any person who advanced racial and ethnic slurs in his team. He also influenced his society at Green Bay residents to boycott restaurants that were known for segregating against African American players. Lombardi sought to face the evil of discrimination head on during the 1960’s by attempting to break the cycle of segregation evil that was a common practice at the time. His teams reflected this virtue in that he put three African American. Willey Wood, Herb Adderley and Willie Davis were in prominent positions in his team which was normally not the practice at that time. He taught the concept of teamwork to his teams all working with a focus on winning championships...
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...to the efforts of Washington and others. The days that followed the Obama election would be filled with symbolism leading to the concert on the steps of the Lincoln memorial, and the day of service, called by the President, in honor of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. the day before inauguration. The election of President Obama seemed to have brought full circle the experiment of democracy. The dreams of the founding fathers were present, the echo of Lincoln’s consequential Presidency were present, and certainly the dreams and speeches of Dr. King were front and center in this cultural moment. Yet the cultural moment represented so much more than a continuum of ideas and dreams of significant men. This moment was one of the first major societal changes in a generation. Perhaps not Ironically, the election of Barak Obama had ripple effects upon social change in the United States and what came full circle on November 4, 2008 for the African American and minority communities would begin to happen for yet another oppressed minority, in the years...
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...To start, Reagan put an end to the Cold War. Reagan did this with a number of complex tactics. He reversed the policy of detente, enforced the destruction of the berlin wall, and aided the rebels against the Soviet backed Marxists from Nicaragua to Angola. This all lead to the collapse of the Soviet Union, ultimately ending the Cold War. He introduced Reaganomics to America. This is a mix of tax cuts, deregulation, and domestic spending, which lead to an economic boom creating about 16 million new jobs. Moreover, he revoiced the values that America had forgotten, these being thrift, patriotism, and hard work. On top of this, he promoted pro-life and family-values to battle societal upheavals of the 1960’s and 1970’s. Reagan also showed peace through strength. He did this by starting to once again construct the military that had been diminished during the Carter years, bringing back the B-1 bomber that Carter cancelled, and raising defence spending by 40%. This helped enforce peace,...
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...Social Perspectives Evolutionary Theorist: Ø Ibn Khaldun: He was a historian and wrote history of the cultural life of Babar tribes. He studied the socio-‐cultural aspects of these tribes and thus laid down the foundation of a new science called Ilmul Imran, which became the foundation of sociology. His social theories included: • Social Solidarity (Al-‐Asabiya): o A force that unites people with one another that subsequently leads to the formation of a state. o People, when combine their minds and forces, create solidarity amongst themselves, which is social solidarity. o Al-‐Asabiya is the emotions of similarity that keeps the people of a group united together having a common effective action. o The uniting force is highest in this relation. a spirit that is shared by another great social philosopher – Emile Durkheim. o The state decides conflicts of the group. o The group that achieves social solidarity becomes an invincible force that cannot be subjugated. o...
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...timely and comprehensive actions to maintain human excellence and mission-readiness in the force from initial entry to senior levels both individually and collectively. 1-2. The Operational Problem Current trends in the global and domestic operational environments will challenge the United States' ability to maintain a future responsive, professional, All-Volunteer Force. Soldiers will operate in an era of persistent conflict amongst populations with diverse religious, ethnic, and societal values. Faced with continuous employment across the full range of military operations, the Army will require extraordinary strength in the moral, physical, and cognitive components of the human dimension. Existing accessions, personnel, and force training and education development efforts will not meet these future challenges, placing at grave risk the Army's ability to provide combatant commanders the forces and capabilities necessary to execute the National Security, National Defense, and National Military Strategies. 1-3. Solution Synopsis The Army will need to increase its human dimension focus in both the operational Army and Generating Force in order to meet future challenges and operate in an era of persistent conflict. Improved capabilities must address the broad range of human dimension actions necessary...
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...The rank and file are not the only Greeks who respect their commanders, though. While the fear of their commanders’ wrath is a great motivator for the common soldier, the heroes are not motivated by but place great importance in their good standing with their own superiors. Odysseus does not forget to remind them of this value, using it as yet another path to their honor, that is, their motivation. At first, since they are following a direct order, the officers are certain that they have the grace of Agamemnon. However, Odysseus plants doubts in their minds, suggesting: You don’t really know Agamemnon’s mind. He’s just testing us now, But before long he’s going to come down on us hard. Didn’t we all hear what he said in council? If he gets angry the whole army had better watch out. Kings are bred by Zeus and have tempers to match. (The Iliad 2.210-215) Here again Homer employs Odysseus’ wile, as he presents the possibility that Agamemnon’s orders are a test, rather than calling them out as poor orders—which would earn him no favors, with Agamemnon himself or with the officers, who still value...
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...The cold war did not impact the superpowers (the United States or the Soviet Union) alone. In fact most countries in the world were affected by this long and tedious war, one of which was France. France was involved with the Algeria war and Indochina war; these wars ware brutal just like any war, they caused political tensions, bloodshed, and economic problems. France was in a good strategic location. They also had military powers in many locations such as in Britain, America, Germany, and in the Soviet Union. Because of this, France will be having many economic, political and societal modifications. Government: The Government of France is known as a Republic, (also known as a Democracy). Edith Cresson became France’s first female Prime Minister...
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...Thesis: In his novel The Wars , Timothy Findley depicts through protagonist Robert Ross, the effects of societal influence on an individual’s quest of staying true to his ideals. Topic Sentc : When an individual is devoted to his ideals, he will despairingly attempt to defy the provocations against them in order to preserve his integrity. Evidence 1: Robert holds himself accountable to his Rowena’s death since he was meant to be her “guardian”. From then on, this role becomes significant in his life as he tries to preserve the innocent lifeforms around him since he associates his sister with innocence. Evidence 2: Robert is reminded of his sister’s character by her pet rabbits. Therefore, he is committed to taking care of them and preserving...
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...habits, attitudes, skills, abilities, values, norms, art, law, morals, customs, traditions, feelings, and other capabilities of man which are acquired, learned and socially transmitted by man from one generation to another through language and living together as members of the society. * Culture is learned. * Culture is socially transmitted through language. * Culture is a social product. * Culture is a source of gratification. * Culture is adoptive. * Culture is the distinctive way of life of a group of people. * Culture is material and non-material. * Culture has sanctions and control. * Culture is stable yet dynamic. * Culture is an established pattern of behavior. 2. Components of culture * Norms- a rule or standard of behavior expected of each member of a social group. * Folkways the ways of living, thinking, and acting in a human group, built up without conscious design but serving as compelling guides of conduct. * Mores - the essential or characteristic customs and treaties of a community. * Positive mores or duty or the “Thou shall behavior” * Negative mores or taboo or the “Thou shall not behavior” * Laws – formalized norms enacted by people vested with legitimate authority. * Ideas, Beliefs, Values * Ideas – non material aspects of culture. * Beliefs – a person’s conviction about a certain idea. * Values – abstract concepts of what is important...
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...Homosexuality in the Military Leondre L. Torrance Instructor: Lisa Smoot Sociology 17 February 2012 Introduction Modern controversy over the rights of gay people to serve in the military aside, the reality is that homosexuality as existing within the military is as old as the history of armed forces. Clearly, it cannot be otherwise, as homosexuality itself is an orientation within humanity, and consequently as old as mankind's origins. What changes is sociological perspective, and nowhere is this factor more keenly evident than in how the overt presence of homosexuality is acknowledged by the military and accepted by the societal base. Different cultures of different epochs have viewed this subject in varying ways, depending, not unexpectedly, on the belief systems in place in those cultures. No matter its direct purpose or size, the military of any nation must still be a representation of that nation's values. Consequently, the perceptions of each regarding homosexuality translate to how acceptable, or unacceptable, it is within the armed forces. It is therefore all the more interesting that the United States, arguably the most liberal and democratic of modern nations, has so long reflected an ambiguity, if not outright hostility, regarding gays in the military rarely seen in ancient, and supposedly less enlightened, eras. The U.S. consistently prides itself on a commitment to individual liberties, and most emphatically since the turbulence of the...
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...given moment. Professional ethics is a subject that I feel passionate about, and I believe it is the foundation upon which we build a successful organization. After all, the United States Marine Corps has three primary responsibilities to the American people: 1) Make Marines, 2) Win our nation’s battles, and 3) return quality citizens back to the American people. External social pressure has become a major driver in not only business ethics but in the military as well. This is especially true for small businesses in smaller communities. Information flow has significantly increased at a quick rate when companies fail to adhere to social and ethical standards. The concept of business ethics has evolved significantly over time and historically, it refers to operating a business in a way that does not break the law or violate any major moral guidelines. In the early 21st century, business ethics has broadened to include more proactive efforts toward good citizenship and honest business practices. This is based largely on societal expectations that companies meet demands for honest treatment of customers, community involvement and charitable giving, fair working conditions for employees and environmentally friendly business activities. Future conflict between a person's moral choices and an...
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...Development Report in 1990, the Human Development Index (HDI) has attracted great attention of policy and academic circles, as well as broader community around the world. This appearance also helps raising the question: Is GDP still an adequate measure of societal well-being and should it be replaced by HDI? This question has attracted a lot of people and cause a controversy among them. So let’s have a look at that matter of argument. As you know the standard well-being varies from time to time, from place to place so we should at first understand: What is well-being? In general, well-being is the pursuit and fulfillment of personal aspirations and the development and exercise of human capabilities, within a context of mutual recognition, equality and interdependence. To make it more detailed here are some key criteria that we should include to valuate well-being: Material living standards (income, consumption and wealth); Health; Education; Personal activities including work; Political voice and governance; Social connections and relationships; Environment (present and future conditions); and Insecurity, of an economic as well as a physical nature. That is the overview of well-being. What about the effectiveness of GDP in measuring societal well-being? To answer this question we should have a quick look at: How GDP covers overall the development of a...
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