Critically discuss the lack of rural roads and its impacts on female headed households.

Female headed households are households which are dependent on women for all the household duties, and managing of the house both financially and getting all the duties in the household done. (gupta, et al, 1997).This essay will therefore be focused on the challenges female headed household members get through on a daily basis,and issues of service delivery and access to services in relation to their surrounding environment.
Female headed rural households deal with a wide range of challenges on an everyday basis, and because these homesteads are based in rural areas.one of the major issues for them is transportation. Due to lack rural roads transportation may be limited or very expensive for them to afford. (Biljana, et al, 2014). Moreover the lack of transportation hinders the efficiency of getting everyday activities done.this would then result in them having no other option but to walk long distances, to get everyday activities such as water and wood fetching,accessing healthcare and educational facilities,selling and buying products from the markets as a way of genereating income and getting employment.
Moreover walking long distances would mean that they have to carry all the loads with them and the most efficient way of doing this is by head loading ,although carrying the heavy loads on an evryday basis may seem as a way of life, it also poses an enormous strain on their bodies,and strenous activities on the body may lead to health complications and cause numerous health conditions. (Abane,et al, 2013).And because transportation is limited accessing healthcare facilities for medical attention may be a challenge.Thus resulting in in a deteroriation of ones health and because of no medical attention available the condition may worsen and lead to death.
Lack of transportation may also affect the lives of children who have to walk long distances everyday to access educational facilities for instance,children who have to walk a minimum of 30 kilometres to and from school everyday,,may be placed with enormous fatigue on their bodies and,as a result by the time they get to school they are too tired to even concentrate or participate in class and school activities (Porter, et al,2009).undeniably in the long run children who find themselves under this disadvanaged circumstances may have a change of mindset and because poverty is already an issue for them they may nolonger see the need for them to go to school.And then opt to finding employment instead.However finding employment may not always be a success because one, there are based in rural areas where job opportunities are limited.so as a result they might end up finding themselves unemployed and having to look into formal trading as a way of genereating income.
Furthermore walking long distance may lead to the increased vulnerability of women getting raped ,robbed, or even worse getting killed . (Porter, 2002). Because women may not always have the physical ability to fight off culprits when the are being physically harmed.moreover not only will they be vulnerable,but they may also be exposed to other dangerous activities which may include drug involvement, prostitution,and crime involvement.due to the circumstances like poverty,and lack of employement. These activites may seem tempting to them and may seem as an escape to poverty and as way of generating quick income and alleviating unemployment.
Undeniably though these activities stated above may seem as the only escape,their repurcussions are even worse. A few of them might be include sexually transmitted infections through prostitution,unplanned pregnancies,drug addiction and health deteroitation, and because accessing heathcare facilities may be a challenge this means that their lives would be placed under a huge threat because inadequate access to proper health treatments may,lead to inreased numbers of mortality rates in the population.
Athough this predicament may be seen as a way of life to, everyone who view the conditions faced by rural dwellers,there is a great need for improvement of these People’s lives so that they may also live life ,better and more efficiently when it comes to getting everything that is of high importance to them done. The need for rural roads development is of high importane because it is the basic step needed to be taken to improve the lives of rural dwellers. (biljan, et al ,2014) And most pobably change the challenges that female headed rural households have to get through each day.moreover development of service delivery,would, mordenize rural areas ,and improved service delivery would alleviate porvety,and people would have better access to facilities such as proper health care and education.moreover the implementation of rural roads and development of rural transport would shorten the distances that need to be travelled on everyday basis,thus reducing the vulnerability of women to danger and relive their bodies from strenous activities and fatigue.
Moreover better access to services such as healthcare and education faclities would reduce the mortality rate and school drop out would also reduce because accessibe educational facilities might change their mindest about dropping out.
References
1. Abane,A.,Bell,M.,Burton,K.,dunn,C.,Hall,R.,Hampshire,k.,Levesly,M.,Panther,j.,Porter,g.,and Robson,S.2013.Health impacts of pedestrian head-loading: A review of the evidence with particular reference to women and children in Sub-Saharan Africa .Social science and medicine,88,pp.90-97. 2. Porter, G.2002.Living in a walking world : Rural mobility and social equity issues in Sub-Saharan Africa. World development,30(2),pp.285-300. 3. Biljana,RP.,and Jadranka,J.2014.women and transportation demands in rural Sebia . Journal of rural studies. vol 36,pp207-218. 4. Hanan,G.,and Jacob,Y.2000access to markets and the benefits of rural roads. The economic journal. Vol 110(465). 5. Abane,A.,Hampshire,K.,Mashiri,M.,Munthali,A.,Porter,G.,Robson,E., and Tanle,A.2009.youth transport ,mobility and security in Sub-Saharan Africa . Womens issues in transportation.pp.100-280.