...Kurt Lewin three step change theory model – unfreeze, change, freeze JANUARY 21, 2010 BY MIKE MORRISON20 COMMENTS Kurt Lewin three step model change theory Introduction The Kurt Lewin change theory model is based around a 3-step process (Unfreeze-Change-Freeze) that provides a high-level approach to change. It gives a manager or other change agent a framework to implement a change effort, which is always very sensitive and must be made as seamless as possible. The Kurt Lewin model can help a leader do the following three steps: * Make a radical change * Minimize the disruption of the structure’s operations * Make sure that the change is adopted permanently Summary of Kurt Lewin’s Change theory This three step model gives a manager or change agent an idea of what implementing change means when dealing with people. The 3 phases of the Kurt Lewin model provide guidance on how to go about getting people to change: a manager will implement new processes and re-assign tasks, but change will only be effective if the people involved embrace it and help putting it into practice it. Lewin change model – Unfreeze – “ready to change” When a structure has been in place for a while, habits and routine have naturally settled in. The organization as a whole is going in the right direction, but – as shown on the illustration – people or processes may have strayed off course. For example, tasks that are not relevant or useful anymore are still being performed by force of habit...
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...Organizational Change Models Abstract This paper will discuss Connie Hritz’s Change Model and briefly describe the stages of it. I will explain a recent change that I underwent at my employment. I will explain the process and steps we went through to adapt to the change. I will compare and contrast Hritz change model with a British change model. Lastly I will explain which model is best for my organization to follow when implementing change. Accepting change can be a difficult task. We often feel comfortable with our daily routine and rather not change it. Change can be just as hard in an organization. Instead of one individual adapting to a new process, many employees are affected therefore you most likely have more resistance. It takes more convincing and steps to get everyone to adjust or even accept the altercations. Connie Hritz developed a three stage change model which can be suggested to implement organizational change. In the first stage, she suggests determining the readiness for a change. She identifies six states of readiness that most employees will fall into. They range from not wanting change at all to complete willingness of change. The second stage consists of personalizing your plan to implement your transformation. The last stage is sustaining or maintaining the change effectively (Hritz 14). Hritz mode is very ideal and can be a starting point for organizations. It gives you the major factors...
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...Abstract Change is inevitable and oftentimes when Organizations announce change, they are met with resistance and opposition. Many people are often times afraid of the uncertainties, what it will mean for them, will they fit into the dynamics etc. Several psychologists and professors have their theories on the best models for facilitating change. Lewin’s Change Management Model –According to the web site, change management coach, Kurt Lewin emigrated from Germany to America during the 1930's and is recognized as the "founder of social psychology" which highlights his interest in the human aspect of change. Kurt Lewin’s change theory has 3 stages. Unfreeze, Change, And Freeze. The principal behind this theory is: Prepare for the change- The first step in Lewins change theory is preparing ourselves or others for the change. Making them want the change. The basis for Lewin’s theory is weighing the pros and cons or as he called it, the force field analysis. “This first 'Unfreezing' stage involves moving ourselves, or a department, or an entire business towards motivation for change”. Make the Change- The transition phase might be the hardest phase of Lewins theory. Rightfully so as this phase is when fear sets in. Most people begin questioning if the decision they made was the right one. Did I do the right thing, what if it doesn’t work, maybe I’m not ready are all questions that one might ask him or herself when making the change. Accept the Change- The logic...
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...Attitude Change Models In general, attitude change models all have three phases. First, consumers’ attitudes are measured based on the existing and similar products. Then, secondly, consumers are given the new product and, after use, attitudes are measured again. Then, using the data gathered, we can translate the attribute measure into purchasing probability and correct that probability with awareness and availability factors. The final outcome is the prediction of purchasing probability. For collecting the preferences, there are two main models. First is the COMP and the second is Silk and Urban. The procedures are the same and the difference is the estimation methods they use to collect the preference data. COMP - Linear Modeling Procedure COMP uses the linear model to collect consumer preferences and states the importance of each attribute. The attribute measure of the product under test equals to: (Preference of measured product)/(Sum of the preferences for All Products) Silk and Urban- Logit Modeling Procedure Silk and Urban doesn’t use the linear modeling method but instead uses the logit model. Consumers’ preferences are measured from a constant sum paired comparison task in which consumers allocate a fixed number of chips among each pair of products in their consideration set. Then we can translate the result into ratio-scaled preferences. To forecast the purchase probability, Silk and Urban define it as the multiply of unadjusted purchase...
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...increasingly in a business environment that is characterized by rapid change and increasing performance demands. As a result, organizations face the challenge of accomplishing two, often conflicting objectives: performing well and changing in order to adapt to their business environment. In most cases, the changes they make must be quick, skillfully executed and clearly targeted at implementing an effective business strategy. Change that occurs every few years as part of a special change effort is no longer adequate. It too often is late and disruptive. Change needs to be constant and rapid in order to allow organizations to move at the speed of business. The importance of change in today’s environment virtually guarantees that organizations with do not change will quickly become “corporate dinosaurs”, headed for extinction because they no longer fit the current environment (Lawler and Galbraith, 1994). Change management models are methods by which the processes of change management are implemented. Change is the vein that keeps an organization alive and change management can make or break the organization. The models have been formulated as a result of the successful application of the methods described in them. I have done the research and I will explain the follows descriptive models: Force Field Analysis-Kurt Lewin Kubler-Ross Five Stage Model Stephen Covey: 7 Habits Model Kotter’s 8-Step Model With descriptive models, the role of the Organizational Development practitioner is...
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...A: Matrix of Theoretical Models |Theoretical Model |Description of Theoretical Model |Type of health care change situation where model best applies | |Kotter’s 8-Step Change |The Kotter 8-Step Change model is considered a people-driven approach that helps people to |Kotter’s 8-Step Change Model applies best in implementing a change that is | |Model |see the reason for change. The theory behind this model is that people change when they are |driven by emotion. In healthcare, improving patient satisfaction is an ideal | | |shown the truth because this influences their feelings. Emotion is at the heart of change. |objective for using Kotter’s Model. An example of using a change model for | | |Kotter’s successful change leaders find a problem or a solution to a problem and then show |improving patient satisfaction through decreasing wait times was implemented | | |people using engaging and compelling situations to change behavior. Each of the 8 |at Family Medicine Clinic’s Pharmacy in Abu Dhabi. While, the objective of | | |steps/actions is implemented to drive a new behavior. For example, the first step in the |the project was to improve patient satisfaction through improving patient | | |model is to Create a Sense of Urgency...
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...Market Model Pattern of Change: Automobile Industry Presented By Name Institution Instructor Course Title Date of Submission Abstract Automobile industry is one of the oligopolistic industries that have experienced a change in its oligopoly market model. The pattern of change is evidently shown in its production, supply chain, pricing, and international trade changes. The paper examines this industry and explains the pattern of change and other aspects within the industry. Industry description Automobile industry is one of the most global oligopolistic industries. Products in this industry have spread throughout the globe, and a few numbers of companies with worldwide recognition have dominated it. However, the industry is facing historical changes that are resulting from changing customer needs in the triad and emerging markets, technological advances, entrance of new competitors, and the ever-tightening emission standards. These changes have affected the demand, margin structures as well as value chains in this industry. As a result, the market is changing to a mobility market, which is more competitive, and the industry structure is changing and more importantly, the market model. This is forcing market players and new entrants to change market framework in order to achieve sustainable success. General pattern of change of the oligopoly market model of automotive industry The current global automobile industry is full of risks and opportunities...
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...02-Cawsey.qxd 5/23/2007 10:59 AM Page 33 CHAPTER 2 Change Frameworks for Organizational Diagnosis How to Change Change is. —Anonymous Chapter Overview • The chapter differentiates between how to create organizational change, its process, and what should be changed, the content. Change leaders must understand both. • Lewin’s classic “Unfreeze-Change-Refreeze” model is discussed. • A modified version of Beckhard and Harris’s change management process is developed in depth. The model asks: (1) What is going on in the organization? (2) Why change? (3) What is the gap between the existing and desired states? (4) How do we close this gap? and (5) How do we manage during the transition phase? • These explicit models will help change leaders articulate their implicit models of how organizations work and how to change their organizations. Sweeping demographic changes, technological advances, geopolitical shifts, and pressures to be more sensitive to our physical environment are combining with 33 02-Cawsey.qxd 5/23/2007 10:59 AM Page 34 34——TOOLKIT FOR ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE concerns for security and organizational governance to generate significant pressure for organizational change. Awareness of the political, economic, sociological, and technological (PEST) aspects of any organization’s external environment forewarns us of the need to pay attention to such factors. Furthermore, it alerts managers to a need to have some means in place to attend...
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...Abstract The purpose of this assignment is to examine the impact that stress, job satisfaction, and motivation can have on workplace performance and commitment. We will examine how motivation theories, organizational commitment, the difference between stress and stressors, and ways that an organization can help an employee to cope with stress and motivate their staff. This examination will point out limitations from both an employer and employee standpoint and combined theories from the three different chapters by Colquitt to help determine a plan of action for those who decide to proceed with the positive changes. Introduction There high costs but financial and reputable, associated with workplace stress, job satisfaction, and employee motivation. Here we will discuss the impact of job satisfaction, job characteristics that help explain specific workplace situations, the consequences that stress has on employers and their employees, motivation theory, and some feasible approaches from both an employer perspective and an employee perspective on how to indicate the issues and had while working on a solution that will impact everyone involved in a more positive manner. Context/Situation The situation I will refer to in this paper is one where I was an employee in a small business of about ten. At this company the work was divided by states. There were four matchmakers: one for the west coast, one for AZ, one for NYC, and one for the east coast. While I was the youngest...
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...What really gives this model the edge is its emphasis on individual change. While many change management projects focus on the steps necessary for organisational change, ADKAR emphasises that successful organisational change occurs only when each person is able to transition successfully. It makes sense then that this model, developed by Jeff Hiatt, CEO of Prosci Change Management, and first published in 2003, focuses on 5 actions and outcomes necessary for successful individual change, and therefore successful organisational change. The ADKAR model of change management Hiatt refers to each of these five actions as building blocks for successful individual change, and therefore successful organisational change. As the graphic indicates the process is sequential. In other words each step must be completed before moving on to the next. Hiatt emphasises that it is not possible to achieve success in one area unless the previous action has been addressed. The ADKAR model consists of five sequential steps or actions: 1. Awareness of the need for change. Understanding why change is necessary is the first key aspect of successful change. This step explains the reasoning and thought that underlies a required change. Planned communication is essential. When this step is successfully completed the individual (employee) will fully understand why change is necessary. 2. Desire to participate in and support the change. In this step the individual is able to reach a point...
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...HR587 Managing Organizational Change Introduction In undertaking any change project in an organization it is imperative that business executive understand that properly tailored coordinates and strategically sound routes are paramount to the success of the project from its planning phase to its execution phase. Linda Ackerman Anderson and Dean Anderson have formulated the nine-phase change model that when implemented properly is a powerful tool in helping organizations better tailor their change strategic plans to be in line with the organization’s influential areas of change; change needs, employees’ needs, and the desired outcome. The Nine-phase Change Process Model The Andersons’ model of change is called the nine-phase change process model, this change model is general enough to fit any organizational structure and size and specific enough to organize its nine phases into a logistical flow that makes for better adaptation. The phases of the nine-phase model are 1. preparing to lead the change, 2. creating organizational vision commitment and capacity, 3. assessing the situation to determine design requirement, 4. designing the desired state, 5. analyzing the impact, 6. planning and organizing for implementation of the change, 7. implementing the change, 8. celebrating and integrating the new state, and 9. learning correcting the course. It is non-invasive and since it doesn’t confine the change agent to adhering to stringent restrictions, rather, it provides a workable...
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...Running Head: MARKET MODEL PATTERNS OF CHANGE Market Model Patterns of Change Student Strayer University ECO 550: Managerial Economics and Globalization Dr. Professor June 2, 2013 Market Model Patterns of Change Comcast Corporation is one of the world’s leading media, entertainment, and communications companies. It is principally involved in operating cable systems through Comcast Cable and is the nation’s largest pay-tv provider to residential and business customers with more than 22 million subscribers. Comcast Corporation is the majority owner and manager of NBC Universal, which owns and operates entertainment and news cable networks, the NBC and Telemundo broadcast networks, local television station groups, television production operations, a major motion picture company and theme parks. Though they now work collaboratively with other industries to provide their products and services, this was not always the case. In the past, they were able to enjoy a monopolistic business model in the areas they served because they were the only game in town. . Characteristics of monopoly structure are: profit maximization since there is only one firm that determines the price in the market; only a single seller exists which implies that the market is controlled by one firm; and the firm is the same as the industry. Cable television was not so well received when it was offered to the public for the first time in 1948. Initially it was called Community Antenna TV or CATV and...
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...Change Models Lewin’s three stage application Evidence from case study Unfreeze: The cultural change program began with the management team completing an organisational culture questionnaire, developed by an international consulting company, to determine the preferred culture for the organisation. Management and employees then completed a second organisational culture questionnaire to determine the actual operating culture. Change/Transition: Selected management initiatives were implemented to bridge gap between the preferred and actual operating culture. These included: • development of an agreed set of organisational values • active encouragement of problem solving and project development through cross-functional work teams • introduction of skip-level interviews which involved employees speaking with their manager's manager on a regular basis • monthly meetings of staff from all levels with the Managing Director -all staff can volunteer to participate, with five or six randomly selected each month • review of reward and recognition systems to ensure preferred cultural behaviours are encouraged • annual 'Blue Zone days' in which preferred cultural behaviours are explored and clarified through fun and engaging activities. Blue Zone" refers to the constructive styles on the Organisational Culture Inventory (Gones et al. 2006), which defined preferred cultural attributes. Refreeze: Cultural surveys are now conducted every two years and there has been...
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...be successful, it is imperative to fully understand how behavior can change in an instant. Health education depends on using the proper theories and models. This paper will address the theories and models used in health education, the importance of the theories, as well as real world examples and information from models used in health education. To understand why it is important to use theories, one must first understand the difference between theories and models. While theories are a set of interrelated concepts and definitions and propositions used to present a systematic view of events or situations, models are composites of mixtures and ideas taken from a number of theories and used together (Cottrell, Girvan, & McKenzie, 2012). Theories and models are intertwined in health education. Theories are important in health education because they influence how evidence is collected, analyzed, understood, and utilized. When theories are implicit, they have the power to clarify and reveal new ideas and insights. Overall, theories influence health education by providing focus on implementation processes to continually improve and make the required adjustments. The socio-ecological approach is important in health education because it examines how one’s physical, social, political, economic, and cultural dimensions influence their behavior and conditions. Human behavior is too easily influenced and can change in an instant; it is simply how humans and their behavior are. An individual’s...
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...industry and explain the general pattern of change of the particular market model Health insurance in the United States providers represent competitive market because they are numerous, variety of choices, and no single entity has much power over prices. The health insurance can be considered as rapid growth industry. Recently, this industry is transforming in a rapid way and evolving into an oligopoly. Insurance markets in many states are eventually controlled and dominated by a few large firms. There were more than five hundred health insurers involved mergers between 1998 and 2008 (Bakhtiari, 2010). Although there are hundreds of small insurance companies operating in the market, the industry Led by WellPoint, 12 health plans cover two-thirds of the enrollment in the U.S. commercial-insurance market (Bloomberg News, 2010). An analyst's report cited in the article predicts there will be 100 insurers with around 200,000 members could be forced out of business. Smaller insurers are increasingly unable to invest in the infrastructure and technology to effectively manage care (Bakhtiari, 2010). However, mergers have been the main power rather than small insurers going out of business. 2. Hypothesize the basic short-run and long-run behaviors of the model in the industry you have chosen in a “market economy” This paper uses Kinked-Demand theory of oligopoly; there is no single theory that explains oligopoly behavior. The kinked demand model assumes that if one firm raises the prices...
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