...Models of Organized Crime Krishna Abney CJA 384 February 23, 2012 Mary E. Campbell Models of Organized Crime Organized crime has drawn many individuals to partake in this style of crime. Unlike petty crimes, organized crime involves a style that is comparable to any corporate style of business. It is an organized and managed business that follows similar practices with various levels of workers, management and leadership. Organized crime recruits from a variety of participants of skilled workers with a history of criminal activity such as theft, violence and drugs to educated white collar individuals who work in corporate and political settings. Bureaucratic and patron-client organizations are two categories that further identify the style of management and recruitment followed by members of organized crime. A bureaucratic organization follows the enterprise theory which resembles a style similar to the military. The members follow specific rules and are designated to specific jobs. Each member has his assigned duty based on his skill, expertise or education. Orders are dictated from the higher ranking members and are passed down to the various levels of “management” or middle ranks who then assign the duties to specific skilled members or “soldiers”. The lower ranking members are expected to follow through with assigned orders, they are not expected to act independently or make decisions without prior approval. The bureaucratic style follows a very...
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...Models of Organized Crime Jalaine Franklin University of Phoenix CJA/384 Week-2 Mario Honore November 08, 2012 Models of Organized Crime Patron-Client Orgnizations When it comes to models of organized crime there are two organizations that this paper will refer to, the first is the Patron-Client organization and the second is the Bureaucratic organizations. The Patron-Client is a group of criminals that united together to establish connections that would benefit the groups clients later on. They were structured to run with just one leader and then a chain of command that follows. If an order is given it has to come from the leader and then it is passed down through the chain of command to the members. In order to become a member of a patron-client organization everyone has to be initiated (University of Phoenix, 2007). Bureaucratic Organizations Bureaucratic organizations are slightly different than patron-client organizations in the way they are structured. They are structured with rules and procedures. Bureaucratic organizations also have one main leader and a chain of command that leads to their members. Here the lower managers are not allowed to make any orders; all orders must come from only one person. When it comes to conducting business only high ranking individuals can look for new resources and proceed with new contacts but they still have to have the approval of the leader. Similarity/ Differences Both the patron-client...
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...Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary By: Amanda Winter University Of Phoenix September 21, 2015 Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary There are many different models that can represent organized crime such as the patron-client organizations and the bureaucratic organizations. Each model has differences on how they are run and what the main focus is. Models When looking at the different models of Organized crime, one can see how they easy differentiate from the others. The patron-client organizations are focused on the supply and demand of social resources. The framework for this type of crime organization model is based on all parties involved to cooperate with each other. This form of crime organization model is generally beneficially to drug importers and drug dealers. The patron-client crime organization model has individuals that can wield power and can also give out favors, which can be called in at a later time. This model is not as strict as the bureaucratic crime organization model. By keeping their relations strong, they can network farther and farther out. The Bureaucratic crime organization models, which can also be named the Hierarchical Crime Organization Model, covers groups of individuals that focus more on the how’s and why’s of the “business” operations. The Bureaucratic crime organization model is quite strict on how things are to be done. When trying to understand these models, first one must again realize the differences...
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...Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary Brittany Hereford CJA 384 September 28, 2014 Terri Smith Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary There are many of foundations of criminal activity in the United States of America, however, the foundation of criminal activity is the different kinds of organized crime. Organized Crime is that of which is defined as a criminal enterprise or individuals that are made in to a group that works as one or multiple groups that work together that have an identified hierarchy in which participates in all kinds of serious criminal activities. Organized crime has a structure that consists of two significant elements which include patron-client and bureaucratic organizations. In the structure of organized crimes there are models that support it by the connections and involvement of patron client and bureaucratic organizations in which determine the similarities as well as the differences in which the two models that make the structure of organized crime. The most significant element is one of which that distinguishes the differences between patron client and bureaucratic organizations. Patron-Client Organization The Patron Client Organization also known as the patrimonial network that consists of the “Criminal individuals that not only send but also receive messages, individuals that creates a network or a connection that is includes political leaders as well as other government participants and officials as well as access to a wide...
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...The definition of Organized crime is “Criminal network; a powerful ruthless large-scale network of professional criminals” In Models of Organized Crime there are two different models the patron client and the bureaucratic. There are many differences between the two different models, but many similarities as well. Each organization is working towards the same ultimate goal, to make a profit but they make their profits in very different ways. Both of those organizations have many things that are the same and also have many things that make them different in their own ways. I will be explaining how both of these two organizations are different and also how they may have things that are the same in the both organizations. I will also explain how things work throughout the both of the organizations and also how things taken place. First of all a “patron-client organization is a group of criminal that patrons who exchanged information, established a network that connections with political leaders and government officials, and access the network of operatives for the purpose of benefiting the group’s clients politically and economically”(pg.1). Therefore, “bureaucratic are organizations that can be formal and consist of rules, regulations, procedures, and protocols that may prevent lower ranking members just like the patron-client from making decisions without administrative approval” (pg.1). “Similarities notwithstanding, the differences between the two models are enlightening...
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...For many years, organized crime has become a successful business in many cities around the world. There are two models to describe the structure of organized crime groups. The two models are bureaucratic/corporate model and the patrimonial/patron-client model (Mallory, 2007). The Bureaucratic Model The bureaucratic model of organized crimes is based on formality, structure, rules and protocol. The bureaucratic organization prevents the members with low ranks from making decisions on their own. They must abide by the rules and regulations and receive permission from the main leader (the “boss”). According to Mallory (2007), “the Colombian cartels and the outlaw biker groups (such as the Hell’s Angels) are examples of the bureaucratic/corporate model” (page, 41). Patron-Client Model The patrimonial/patron-client model is “based on bonds that tie the organization together” (Mallory, 2007, pg. 41). This model consists of a big boss, who is at the center of the family (organized group). The big boss is assisted by the underboss and a counselor. The next in order is the captains who are also known as his clients. After that, there are the low-ranking members who are formally initiated in the family (Lyman & Potter, 2007). In this organization, if the boss is ever unavailable or injured, a patron is always available to step in and make sure that the business continues to operate successfully. Because the patron-client model is “decentralized, it has less control over is...
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...Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary The purpose of this document is to compose a statement of the main ideals in which Dena will link the differences between the bureaucratic and patron – client organizations. In fact, this document will speak of the similarities and differences between the dominate ideals of organized crime, and define why the models are significant for comprehending organized crime. Distinctions The patron – client system is a cluster of lawbreakers who trade knowledge, set up a system of elements of relationships with governmental and authorative bosses and gain access to a chain for the intention of helping group’s customers both politically and economically. The patron – client system commonly constructed using a ruling body strategy and made up of one dominate boss, a consultant, and other individuals. Requests moved to a lower position in a perpendicular situation with the highest supervisor and the lower individuals. In fact, associates of the patron – client systems are recruited. In addition, the patron – client systems are close beginning at the highest to the lowest levels. Furthermore, allowing the system members to go his or her way has a favorable chance to avoid the police, the progress, and procedures (Alves & Redlin, 2013). Bureaucratic systems are orderly and made up of governing action, laws, and orders that hold back individuals such as the patron – client systems from making judgments’ without official consent. According to WeeKoh...
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...MODELS OF ORGANIZED CRIME LUIS MORENO 1/14/2015 CJA/384 In this summary, I am going to compare and contrast bureaucratic and patron-client organizations. Also, I will include the similarities and differences between the main models of organized crime, and explain why the models are necessary for understanding organized crime. First is the bureaucratic/corporate model, in this model the primary thing is efficiency for large operations or activities. When criminal activity continues to expand, this model becomes a must in order to control the enterprise with rules, hierarchy, specialization, and means of communication. Most of the Colombian cartels and outlaw biker groups function with this model. Another model is the patrimonial/patron-client, this model is based on bonds that tie the organization together. The patron provides aid and protection while the client becomes a loyal member who is respected. In this model, if leader is incapacitated the next person in line is who takes over, this model has less control over the subordinates compared to the bureaucratic model. The American Mafia is an example that uses this model their structure is a hierarchy and bureaucratic, but their activities are considered to be patron-client model because their members usually create their independent crews who are entrepreneurs. The differences between the hierarchical and the ethnic/local models are how the individual relationships are structured. The enterprise model defines the...
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...There are two types of organizations when it comes to crime. These two organizations, bureaucratic and patron-client, are the main structures of the systems. There are similarities and differences between the two organization models and are important when it comes to understanding organized crime. The bureaucratic organization is an organization that has tight procedures, policies and constraints (Burley, n.d.). This type of structure allow for an organization to run with a formal head of power that dictates what is to happen. It allows for a proper chain of command and gives power to those earn it based on tasks. In this type of organization, you are also valued by the tasks that you are given and they are usually detailed and specific (Burley, n.d.). When it comes to the patron-client model of organization, it is all about the bonds that tie the organization together (Mallory, 2007, p.41). The ties are between the patron and the client. The patron does the work such as providing aid and protection for the client who hires them. With this model, the patron earns the favor of the client and eventually becomes part of the clients group. According to Mallory (2007, p. 41), this type of organization creates continuity within the organization in case something happens to the client but also is less centralized around one person and there is less control over the subordinates within the structure. Both of these types of organizations have similarities and differences. They are...
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...Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary In this paper, comparisons will be made between bureaucratic and patron-client organizations. In addition, the similarities and differences between the models of organized crime will be examined. The models of organized crime will be analyzed for their importance in the understanding of criminal organizations. The differences between bureaucratic and patron-client organizations are visible as bureaucratic deals with offices that do things by the law. They do not take extensive training in customer service and do not concentrate on being nice. The offices that are being referred to are government offices such as Welfare, DMV, and Section 8. In contrast, patron-client facilities are offices or places that focus upon pleasing their clients because if they don’t, the patron will go to another facility to get their needs met. This brings us to the similarities and differences of the models of organized crime. According to Lyman (2007) there are three theories of organized crime that help in the understanding of criminal organizations. The first theory is the Alien Conspiracy theory, which blames outside influences and outsiders for the rise of organized crime in American society. Second, the Rational Choice theory is when a person weighs the pros and cons of living a certain lifestyle; in addition they also know what the consequences of their actions are as well. Finally, the deterrence...
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...Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary Sandra Haynesworth CJA/384 05-18-2012 University of Phoenix Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary Gangs much resemble organized crime in that they include a group of closely related people that commit routine crimes against society. Early scholars noted that gangs arose much around the same time that organized crime did in the United States, and that gang members have often contributed to a "disproportionate level of crime in society" (Krohn, et al. 2003). Gang members are often more involved in delinquency than other youth organizations, but also more likely to be comprised of younger members of society than members of organized crime (Krohn, et al. 2003)." All criminal organizational models consist of similarities and differences but the main purpose is to benefit law enforcement, researchers, society, and professionals with a better understanding of how criminal organizations develop domestically and internationally. Models are based on supporting research, statistics, facts, and convincing arguments that have been gathered by professional psychologists, sociologists, and criminologists. Information presented focuses on organizational structure, purpose and cause, members, and clientele. In addition, each model incorporates unique features that are detail specific. The models presented are tools that provide answers to questions, offer an explanation to why individuals engage in illegal activity, how criminal organizations...
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...Models of Organized Crime This paper will briefly discuss and compare the bureaucratic organizations and patron –client organization. Understanding the differences between the two organizations can play a big role in profiling and catching the criminals when a case in ongoing. These organizations both work in an illegal manner attempting to gain money and power. Both models have been structured and designed in a way that each organization believes is the best way to be successful. The models have been discovered over years of research by investigators who have been diligent in catching the criminals. Distinctions Between Bureaucratic and Patron-Client Organizations The bureaucratic organization consists of ridged and tough rules. This organization is organized and detailed. There is a role for each department and everyone in the department knows who is in charge. Unlike the patron-client organization the bureaucratic organization does not allow low-level members in the organization. There is a chain of command. In the bureaucratic organization no one person can make any decision without first going through the proper channels that includes filling out documentation and submitting it to the administration. If there are issues, financial or otherwise, the blame will fall on the administration that does most of the approving or denying of decisions Mallory, S. (2007). The patron-client organization is a group that consists...
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...Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary CJA 384 January 29, 2012 Patrick Cote Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary Within the criminal justice field there are two different types of organizations and those organizations are bureaucratic and patron-client organizations. This paper will discuss the several assorted reasons why and how the bureaucratic and patron-client organizations are different. The patron-client organization chooses to break the law. On the other hand, the bureaucratic organizations are those that are there to enforce it. Although there are many differences between these two organizations, they also have commonalities. This paper will address so many more ways that make these two unique types of organizations different. A patron-client organization is an assembly of criminal patrons who swapped information and assembled a successful network between the main bosses and important political figures. The patron-client network is usually structured using a hierarchy system and consists of one main boss, an underboss, an advisor, captains, and members. The main boss hands down commands to the underboss. The underboss relates the information to captains, who also have lackeys to do the dirty work. All members of a patron-client organization must go through prior initiation. Moreover, patron-client organizations are similar to a very close family in the top tier. When it comes to the lower level, with the members, that tightness spreads out some. With...
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...Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary CJA/384 Michelle Khanlar 03/16/2015 Organized crime is probably one of the biggest misconception in the American legal system. Even though many theorist have tried to explain this phenomenon, two models of organized crime are the most accurate. Donald Cressey believed the organized criminal networks are controlled by only one Italian Group, the group he calls La Costa Nostra. This group was bureaucratic in form and governed by a hierarchy with strict rules. Orders flowed from the top to those below with many specializing in criminal abilities. There is no room for error in assignments, for penalties are severe (Mallory, 2007). The second model to enter into the minds of Americans suggested that other than a bureaucratic imported organized crime group, that organized crime was made up of several smaller groups. Instead of having one boss at the top, there are several bosses you relay information rather than take orders. This information is passed along and implemented independently by others who divide the spoils to those above as more of a thanks. This kind of organization was termed Patron-client by Joseph Albini in 1971 (Lyman & Potter, 2007). These two groups do have some things that are similar, the bureaucratic model is known for its enforcement of rules while the Patron – client organization enforces traditional values. Both of these organizations will use whatever force necessary to reprimand those who step outside...
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...Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary Bureaucracy is basically the government official documents use to make sure that I’s are dotted and the t’s are cross. It is used mostly by government officials’ and administrative, they are primary used through the bureaus division of labor system. With this it can be at ones advantage it helps with structure in which is needed to run successful organization, some advantage could be keeping structure and a strategic plan at hand. A disadvantage could be if an origination is not large enough it cause it to be difficult to keep everything in order, that is why the higher rank your origination is the better they have upper hand on creating their own rules and regulation verse an organization that is small and not have much ranking in any type of ideal that they may have to bring to the table. Bureaucracy can also be more on the line of the law and corporates helping to organized crime on how they operate and are succeeding so well. A patron-client organization deals with more of the people and how they interact with each other and the public relations part. They can also give information to each other and then send to the government officials’ and they work more with groups to of politics. Or a group of people who are all about social organization and tradition. On the other side they are also ones who practice on organizing crime that will help benefit them. Examples of bureaucratic would be corporate organization and category of...
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