Premium Essay

Modern Day Graffiti Research Paper

Submitted By
Words 968
Pages 4
The beginnings of modern day graffiti may be traced back to the 60’s. This art movement started in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where graffiti was used mostly by political activists and gangs which used graffiti to mark their territory. One of the first appearances of what can be call modern graffiti that appeared in Philadelphia can be credited to CORNBREAD and COOL EARL. The appearance of graffiti in Philadelphia was the first conscious effort at bombing where CORNBREAD and COOL EARL wrote their names all over the city gaining attention from the press and the community. The early 70’s saw the start of graffiti as a culture in Manhattan, New York City where artists such as TAKI 183, Julio 204, Frank 207, and Joe 136 popularized it. TAKI 183, was employed as a foot messenger and took advantage of riding the subway. The subway was the place where TAKI 183 practiced his “tagging” skills. Taki was the nickname Demetrius chose for himself and 183 was the name of the street he resided on. Taki 183 got this idea of tagging from Julio 204. Julio 204 was a Puerto Rican who was from a gang known as “Savage Skulls”. Taki 183 began tagging his name in his neighborhood as early as 1968. Juilo never got as much fame as his successor because he did not tag his name out of his …show more content…
From a historical point of view, this art form has been used by epigraphologists to reconstruct a history of both the people of Pompeii and the ancient Athenians (Abel & Buckley 1977:4). Archaeologists have also examined graffiti to learn more about the history of writing. Graffiti can also be traced back to the ancient Egyptians, who developed one of the oldest and most remarkable forms of writing in the world (Shillington

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Hip Hop

...Abdul Bagrahiay English 1A Professor Ferns July, 7th 2016 Concept Essay Drafting Assignment 3 I have chosen a topic instead of doing conducting field research I will do Hip hop, where it was originated and where it was from? And how it has evolved over the years? How it is nowadays? The term hip hop is a big thing nowadays and it was found in New York, among black and latino ghetto. The main components of Hip Hop are Rap, Break Dancing, Graffiti, In south Bronx 1967 came Clive Campbell. He is a well known hip hop founder and his name was a big thing in those years. The hip hop originated in 60th and 20th century and it still exists today. https://prezi.com/m/uwz8x4klgu2w/where-did-hip-hop-originate-and-who-were-its-founders/ The hip-hop culture began in the streets of New York City over twenty-five years ago and it has gone through very big changes through the years of the past. Hip-Hop consists of four element, rap, graffiti, break-dancing, and the disc jockey. In this paper, I intend to fully explain the evolution of rap music, from its fame to the giant industry it is today. I will complete a big paper of how hip hop has evolved and is eve loving in the modern day. http://employees.oneonta.edu/bealt/alexander.htm "Hip hop and rap have many important influences—R&B, funk, soul, jazz, rock and roll performers; poets, and writers like Iceberg Slim; and stylistic forebears like Muhammad Ali and Richard Pryor. Few of these can match the importance of the spoken-word artist...

Words: 457 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Mental Health Windshield Survey

...This paper is submitted only as an example of a mental health survey and may not be plagiarized in part or whole. This paper is property of the respective authors and may not be copied or quoted in any form. Mental Health Windshield Survey 2010 Census Data Summary:Prior to starting, research 2010 census data for the county you select http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/12000.html Include age, race, household types, growth patterns, unemployment rate, etc. Include a summary paragraph here: | The population estimate for the city of Venice for 2011 is 20897. This is an increase by .7% from 2010 which was estimated at 20748. Persons over 65 represented a whopping 57% while younger than 18 stood at 7.5% Caucasians accounted for 97.3% of the population with 93% being a high school graduate or higher. The home ownership rate is 73% with the median income being 48K. Venice city covers a mere 15.27 square miles but abounds with things do, places to eat and people to meet, most of who are retired of course. | Boundaries: Select an urban area with walking traffic/business storefronts. Attach a Google map with at least an 8 x 8 block boundary highlighted. Does the neighborhood have an identity or name? Do you see it displayed? Are there unofficial names for the area? Is the area primarily commercial, industrial or residential or a mix? | From quaint boutiques to modern department stores, the area of Venice we explored had almost everything within bike riding distance...

Words: 2286 - Pages: 10

Free Essay

Risks of Living and Working in China

...RISKS OF LIVING AND WORKING IN CHINA MISHINGO FUTURE IYE MOCHAKULA ABSTRACT There are two countries in the world whose culture has the historical depth, confidence, and population spread to make them hold-outs in a world that is increasingly homogenous, and those are India and China. Both are attractive in different ways for Westerners seeking experience living and working in a different culture. China, the subject of this report, attracts foreigners by its past and present profile: an old eastern culture that is rapidly rising to take its place among the world’s greatest modern civilizations, a stature that is all the more intriguing given the way it is blazing its own path in terms of the social contract. Do not be dissuaded by an element of bad press in the West; news tends to wallow in the alternative reality of political drama, while the realities on the street are something quite else. Chinese people are indeed largely welcoming and open, and opportunities abound for the astute.  Yet China is not easy. Strange food, different ways of doing things, different social contracts and expectations, uneven levels of development and modernity, and the widespread inability to communicate in English all combine to make China a hard country to move to. But for those who brave the adversities, and immerse themselves into China, the rewards are undeniable—at the very least you learn something...

Words: 3115 - Pages: 13

Premium Essay

Analysis of Service Marketing Strategies in the Hospitality & Tourism Business in the Uk: the Sheraton Park Lane Hotel

...Mashfiq Ahmed The hospitality and tourism industry is one of the biggest industries in the United Kingdom and in the entire world. Two of the major components of this industry are the marketing and public relations as in the highly competitive and sophisticated business world of the twenty first century; they play the key role in attracting and retaining customers i.e. the sales of products and services. Especially for businesses that focus on the luxury consumers, branding is an integral part of their core value proposition and there is no better way to create a brand identity and promote it than the use of interactive marketing strategies and public relations tactics. To get your BUSINESS Reports / Case Studies/ Research Projects / Dissertations / Term papers / Presentations / Assignments done, CONTACT: MASHFIQ AHMED . ahmed.mashfiq@gmail.com +8801674312929 January, 2012 1. Introduction The hospitality and tourism industry is one of the biggest industries in the United Kingdom and in the entire world. Two of the major components of this industry are the marketing and public relations as in the highly competitive and sophisticated business world of the twenty first century; they play the key role in attracting and retaining customers i.e. the sales of products and services. Especially for businesses that focus on the luxury consumers, branding is an integral part of their core value proposition and there is no better way to create a brand identity and promote it than...

Words: 3797 - Pages: 16

Premium Essay

Does Hip Hop Have a Negative Influence on Young People

...Research Project ‘Does Hip-Hop have a negative influence on young people?’ Introduction This research project will explore the impact that hip-hop culture has on young people in society today. From examining current literature and conducting a quantitative study the project will aim to answer the question ‘does hip hop have a negative influence on young people?’ There has been lots of controversy surrounding this subject in recent years. Some say hip-hop is responsible for the rise in youth violence whilst others say hip-hop is just an accurate representation of a violent society. This paper will give an insight into what young people in the Teesside area who live and breathe this popular culture think. Action Plan Project Management Plan Research Project |   | Timeline | Start | Finish | Weeks Needed | Task number | Task detail |   | 1 | Agree Topic with supervisor | On-going | 2 | Literature review | 15/01/2015 | 05/02/2015 | 3 weeks | 3 | Decide on research design | 20/01/2015 | 27/01/2015 | 1 week | 4 | Develop Data Collection Tools | 06/02/2015 | 20/02/2015 | 2 weeks | 5 | Distribute/Conduct Data Collection Tools | 23/02/2015 | 02/03/2015 | 2 weeks | 6 | Collect and Analyse Data | 02/03/2015 | 16/03/2015 | 2 weeks | 7 | Draw conclusions | 16/03/2015 | 30/03/2015 | 2 weeks | 8 | Write Report | 20/03/2015 | 15/04/2015 | 3 weeks | Sources Both primary and secondary sources of research will be undertaken throughout this project. The...

Words: 2499 - Pages: 10

Premium Essay

Student Emba

...Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has gained an increasingly high attention in recent years. CSR can be defined as the ways in which businesses align their values and behaviors with their various stakeholders such as employees, suppliers, customers, government and other societal interests on whom their operation may have an impact. The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Dubai government and the UAE has always been present from the earliest Islamic times, with people and organizations practising Islamic values, donating through philanthropy and Shariah compliant ways of commerce. In recent years, there have been worldwide initiatives to invest responsibly and focus on investing profits into community life and saving the environment. CSR addresses a company’s transparency or openness and considering its stakeholders’ expectations. This means that business does more than act out of self-interest and shows social responsibility (Juholin, 2004). Companies cannot operate any more entirely independently and need to consider the needs of society and welfare of the community. Organizations now realize that in order to survive and stay unique in business and obtain strategic advantages, they need to practice being socially responsible. Many larger organizations have already integrated CSR into their strategic plans as an important factor in order to have a sustainable business. Although larger enterprises have more impact on society today, SMEs are...

Words: 3618 - Pages: 15

Premium Essay

Advertising

...INTRODUCTION Advertising or advertizing in business is a form of marketing communication used to encourage, persuade, or manipulate an audience (viewers, readers or listeners; sometimes a specific group) to take or continue to take some action. Most commonly, the desired result is to drive consumer behaviour with respect to a commercial offering, although political and ideological advertising is also common. This type of work belongs to a category called affective labour. DEFINITION OF ADVERTISING ‘Advertising can be defined as any paid form of non personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods or services through mass media such as newspapers, magazines, television or radio by an identified sponsor’¹. (Philip Kotler, et al., Principles of Marketing, 2002).That means that advertising is the device used by the companies to communicate with them consumers. Advertising is playing an important part in both, the companies life and the consumer also.: for companies because through advertising they promote or market them products, so they are able to sell large stocks of goods that they produce and create demand for new products and offers, and for consumers because enable them to choose between different types of products on the market. In Latin, ad vertere means "to turn toward".] The purpose of advertising may also be to reassure employees or shareholders that a company is viable or successful. Advertising messages are usually paid for by sponsors and viewed via various old...

Words: 4787 - Pages: 20

Premium Essay

Cartier Situation Analysis

...Thalia Coleman Belanger M00349310 MKT3110 – Marketing Strategy and Planning Dr. Costos Priporas Individual Report - Phase 2 Tuesday March 25th 2014 Word Count: 2,738 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………4 I. Marketing Objectives …………………………………………………………………5 Supporting Objectives ……………………………………………………………………6 Summary of Approach ……………………………………………………………………6 II. Targeting and Positioning ………………………………………………………….7 Market Targets …………………………………………………………………………….7 Market Positioning ………………………………………………………………………..8 Market Attractiveness ……………………………………………………………9 Current Market Position ………………………………………………………..10 III. Competitive Advantage ……………………………………………………11 Differential Advantage …………………………………………………………………..12 SWOT Analysis: Matching & Converting ……………………………………………..13 Levels of Product Offering ……………………………………………………………...15 Sustainability ……………………………………………………………………………..15 IV. Growth Strategies …………………………………………………………………17 Marketing Warfare ………………………………………………………………………18 V. Marketing Mix Program …………………………………………………….18 Product ……………………………………………………………………………………19 Price ………………………………………………………………………………………19 Place ……………………………………………………………………………………...19 Promotion ………………………………………………………………………………...20 Communication Tools ………………………………………………………….20 Product Life Cycle Management ……………………………………………...21 Implementation & Control ………………………………………………………………22 VI. Conclusion …………………………………………………………………..24 VII. References ………………………………………………………………….25 Appendix A: Summarized Strategic Analysis:...

Words: 9020 - Pages: 37

Free Essay

Day Laborers

...U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services Problem-Oriented Guides for Police Problem-Specific Guides Series No. 44 Disorder at Day Laborer Sites by Rob T. Guerette www.cops.usdoj.gov Center for Problem-Oriented Policing Got a Problem? We’ve got answers! Log onto the Center for Problem-Oriented Policing website at www.popcenter.org for a wealth of information to help you deal more effectively with crime and disorder in your community, including: • Web-enhanced versions of all currently available Guides • Interactive training exercises • Online access to research and police practices • Online problem analysis module. Designed for police and those who work with them to address community problems, www.popcenter.org is a great resource in problem-oriented policing. Supported by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Department of Justice. www.PopCenter.org Problem-Oriented Guides for Police Problem-Specific Guides Series Guide No. 44 Disorder at Day Laborer Sites Rob T. Guerette This project was supported by cooperative agreement #2004CKWXK002 by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Department of Justice. The opinions contained herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official position of the U.S. Department of Justice. References to specific companies, products, or services do not constitute endorsements from the author(s) or the Justice Department. Rather...

Words: 10945 - Pages: 44

Premium Essay

Cutting Through the Clutter

... History 3 Literature Review 5 Cutting through the Clutter 7 Regulation 8 Research 9 Literature Analysis 12 Perception 12 New Mediums 14 Future Research 17 Conclusion 19 References 21 Introduction In today’s consumerist world, we are bombarded by advertising messages through virtually every medium inducing us to change our attitudes. All of the companies are screaming for our attention at once, each of which is trying to shout the loudest to be heard over the commotion. This commotion, created by the multitude of companies, blends together creating a constant buzz in the back of the consumer’s mind. It leads to a world filled with overwhelming clutter that leaves consumers trying to find a way to keep from drowning. As a result, many marketers are considering whether the advertising message is still getting through to the customer or if the message is becoming decreasingly effective in particular to the medium used to deliver the message. Marketers are becoming increasingly aware that they need to find a way to break through the clutter created in today’s culture. Some observe that a more cluttered environment reduces advertising viewing, increases avoidance, impairs advertising memories, inhibits the ability to correctly identify the brand, and has an undesirable impact of emotional responses to advertising (Hammer, 2009). This paper examines current research that is being done on traditional mediums of advertising, whether the clutter is leading...

Words: 6461 - Pages: 26

Premium Essay

Asdasdas

...“flying to Hawaii is free when you’re a WestJet employee.” Thus, despite being awake since 4:30 a.m., boarding a plane in Calgary in the dead of a prairie winter, and enduring a seven-hour flight with two young children who refused to sleep, these “guests” are ready to embrace the magic of Maui. The travellers may never know the reason for the improv performance, but maybe it was just another example of what the advertisements have been telling us for the better part of a decade: “Owners care,” a slogan communicating how the airline’s employee stock option package motivates participating WestJetters to go just a little bit further to please. WestJet’s philosophy of creating customer value is not based in its industry-leading turnaround times, modern fleet of planes, or even its competitively priced fares. Customer value stems from the core of a corporate culture, something only achievable when your people are engaged. In the words of Bob Cummings, executive vice-president of sales, marketing, and guest experience, “the big success factor in the whole corporate strategy is making sure that your employees are understanding and with you all the way.” Richard Bartrem, vice-president of communications and community, adds “we want all of our frontline employees to leave their inhibitions at the door, knowing, one...

Words: 6853 - Pages: 28

Premium Essay

Cyberwarfare

... October 3, 1946 Discuss the key concepts and ideas of cyberwarfare INTRODUCTION Significant of Paper Methodology of Paper Cyberwar is warfare, hostile influence which is fought in cyberspace. Cyberwar is netwar by the military. It includes hackers, listeners of communications systems, van Elckradiation115 listeners and so on. Cyberwar consists of information terrorism, semantic attack, simulation warfare and Gibson warfare. Typically Cyberwar is warfare, or hostile influence between attack- and defence programs in computers, computer networks and communication systems. For many, the term cyber war conjures up images of deadly, malicious programmes causing computer systems to freeze, weapon systems to fail, thwarting vaunted technological prowess for a bloodless conquest. This picture, in which cyber war is isolated from broader conflict, operates in an altogether different realm from traditional warfare and offers a bloodless alternative to the dangers and costs of modern warfare, is attractive but unrealistic. Such a scenario is not beyond the realm of possibility, but it is unlikely. Cyber warfare will almost certainly have very real physical consequences. Computer technology differs from other military assets, however, in that it is an integral component of all other assets in modern armies. From this perspective, it is the one critical component upon which many modern militaries depend, a dependence that is not lost on potential enemies. Countries around the world...

Words: 5055 - Pages: 21

Premium Essay

Discovery Recovery Plan for Kudler

...Executive Summary Kudler Fine Foods was first established in 1998 with an objective strongly focused on providing its clients the opportunity to buy fresh ingredients used to make delicious cuisines. Since then, Kathy Kudler (founder) has opened two more locations to satisfy her target market’s thirst for her product(s). Although this small business expansion has increased the customer base and or revenue pursued by its owner, the induction of additional services provided has also slightly altered the projected operations plan and or business plan. Kudler Fine Food’s mission states that it will “provide its customers with the finest selected foodstuffs, wines, and related needs in an unparalleled consumer environment“(Apollo Group, 2008). In order for Kudler to meet the needs of the consumer at all times, administration has proposed a review of the companies operations and or communication plan(s) be reviewed for contingency of any unforeseen threats to daily operations. Scope To assist the company in their daily functions, Kudler Fine Foods stores information used to determine market conditions, customer demographics, individual store sales, employee demographics, payroll, administrative functions, and other human resource related information. A post review of Kudler’s fixed operations reveals the company is currently unprepared for any and all potential threats that may halt daily operations for an over-extended period. Potential threats that Kudler may face are: breach and...

Words: 5884 - Pages: 24

Free Essay

Mr Teacher

...Nurse education  Summary This article examines briefly the issue of workplace violence and bullying in the hospital environment, but more importantly how the same and different styles of bullying and intra-staff bullying are emerging in nurse education. The content describes the aetiology of violence and bullying and their place in the National Health Service (NHS) including nursing. It explores bullying as the principle form of intimidation in nurse education, the different types and subtle forms of bullying, why individuals become bullies, dealing with and the consequences of bullying. The legislation, guidelines, policies are part of the recommendations for practice. c 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Introduction In modern day society, it could be argued that violence and aggression is a common aspect of daily life. Violence and abuse within the hospital setting occurs throughout the entire health care sector (Zernike and Sharpe, 1998; Wells and Bowers, 2002). Over the years, negative incidents including violence, harassment, and aggression and bullying have been steadily increasing. In the year 2002/ * Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 1494 522141x2123; fax: +44 1494 603182. E-mail address: sedwar02@bcuc.ac.uk. 2003, there were an estimated 116,000...

Words: 6105 - Pages: 25

Premium Essay

Skin Deep Tattoo Magazine

...july ‘10 ISSuE 186 • £3.95 reader prOfIleS artISt prOfIleS Goldilocks u gu Mick Squires anD The BanK roBBer s Korpus TaTToos th-8 fr ns e i id e ww.tatt tw o o j a A Xed Lehead & Mad Alan Divine Canvas evil From The neeDle m th .uk 6t h-8t hA .co . .co su e e Jeff Ortega we highlight some of the gifted artists working tattoo jam 2010 REGULARS: Fall out ‘news & reviews’ | inkoming | Tattoo Tour | Conventions | personals | Jobs | For sale gu h st t h is a is m www.tat to o wi t Tommi Ink & Iron SKI N SHOWS no regreTs u j Birmingham usa tatto o 2010 tat toos a form of self-harm? you decide 9 770966 435048 San Jose www.jazzpublishing.co.uk • 07 Please mention Skin Deep when responding to adverts. GEnEral EnquIrIES Jazz Publishing, The Old School, Higher Kinnerton, Chester, CH4 9AJ, UK. 01244 663400 www.skindeep.co.uk EdItor Neil Dalleywater email: editor@skindeep.co.uk Telephone: 01244 663400 ext. 212 art EdItor Gareth Evans email: gareth@jazzpublishing.co.uk Telephone: 01244 663400 ext. 204 productIon manaGEr Justine Hart email: production@skindeep.co.uk Telephone: 01244 663400 ext. 235 accountS & admIn manaGEr Emma McCrindle email: accounts@jazzpublishing.co.uk Telephone: 01244 663400 ext. 207 admInIStratIon Jan Schofield email: jan@jazzpublishing.co.uk Telephone: 01244 663400 ext. 219 Katie-Marie Challinor email: katie@jazzpublishing...

Words: 24248 - Pages: 97