...Concordion 1. Who (company or individual) developed the tool? What is the cost to the tool user? How do you acquire it? Concordion was developed by David Peterson, an agile consultant from London, UK. While working at Easynet in 2006, the idea was formed with testers and developers Nat Pryce and Steve Freeman. Concordion was then later ported and improved upon by several developers, specifically Nigel Charman, the designer of the Concordion Extensions API. The Concordion tool is available for free at concordion.org/Download.html. 2. What testing purpose does the tool serve? (i.e., what problem does it attempt to solve? How does it improve productivity?) Concordion is an open source tool that is used for the automation of Specification by Example. Using simple HTML, developers can create concrete examples in any specifications with certain commands. This allows for Concordion to check the examples against a real-life system. The specifications allow for complete cover of any behavior important to a customer. Based on this, specifications can be used as unit tests. Concordion specifications are also clear and readable so they can also serve as system documentation. This means a project’s specifications can be easy to understand for the development team, as well as anyone outside it. This would ultimately allow for a better maintenance of software quality as the software can be reviewed as a group effort. 5. What do you need to do in order to use the tool? There...
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...Executive Summary e goal of our project is to investigate the fundamental problem that plagues all software development: the gap between the intentions of the designer, as described (often only minimally) in design and specification documents, and the behaviour of the delivered system, as realized in the code. We are developing new languages, tools and methods to address this problem. Our work also incorporates independent analyses of designs and code. By applying our design analyses, we can be sure that the design as described has the intended consequences the designer had in mind. By applying our code analyses, we can eliminate flaws that do not depend on comparison to a design, and can discover properties that can be later fed into a conformance analysis. Rather than pursuing a single, narrow research approach, we have tried to explore the problem from many angles. We consider how a codebase may be analyzed in the presence of some design models; how it might be analyzed if there is no explicit design documentation; and how minimal design properties expressed as code annotations might be exploited. We have developed static analyses that require no execution of the code but can simulate the effect of all possible executions, and dynamic analyses that require a test suite but can produce more accurate results. Some of our static analyses are conservative, and can guarantee properties of all executions; others are sound in their error reports, so that no false alarms are given...
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...Social Networking Lab 7 Assessment 05/10/14 1. How does Skipfish categorize findings in the scan report? As high risk flaws, medium risk flaws, and low issue scans 2. Which tool used in the lab is considered a static analysis tool? Explain what is referred to by static code analysis. RATS, because the running of static code analysis tools that attempt to highlight possible vulnerabilities within ‘static’ (non-running) source code. 3. What possible high risk vulnerabilities did the Rats tool find in the DVWA application source code? Allow system commands to execute. 4. Did the static analysis tool find all the potential security flaws in the application? Yes, although such tools like these would automatically find security flaws with high degree of confidence that what it found was a flaw. 5. What is black box testing on a web site or web application? They’re designed to threat the application as an “unknown entity”; therefore, no knowledge of the tiers is provided. 6. Explain the Skipfish command in detail: ./skipfish-o/var/scans/is308lab.org –A admin:password –d3 –b I –X logout.jsp –r200000 http://www.is308lab.org This is a standard, authenticated scan of a well-designed and self-contained site. 7. During the manual code review, what is noticed about high.php to make it less likely to vicitimize users with XSS reflection and why is it considered more secure? Because when a php is at high-level language its more secure and often times it’ll most...
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...the next update of C-Atlas, Ensoft intends to update the capabilities of C-Atlas. These improvements are intended to provide a customizable approach to evaluating a program’s design, structure, and security. Such an update seeks to address any number of problems. Analyzing a C program’s memory management is one such problem. This project would seek to use C-Atlas to better analyze C memory management. In memory leak (memory management) analysis, the user must show that for every path forward from an variable’s allocation, there exists at least one deallocation site for that variable. This task is trivial, unless the variable’s allocation and deallocation(s) are separated by a vast field of possible control flow. C-Atlas offers a flexible interface for data flow graph generation as a solution to this problem. Through this interface, one may then produce connected data flow graphs, allowing a single variable’s path to be traced through multiple functions. This visual aide can greatly increase the time efficiency of performing memory leak analysis. The idea of this project was to write a script to produce meaningful data flow graphs for analyzing memory leaks. This script will seek to help confirm (or dispute) if some allocation site is dominated by some deallocation-site along every feasible data flow path. Finally, the script will be tested on a release of the XINU kernel. RESEARCH The research portion of this...
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...Ethics Monique Giron MGT/498 September 25, 2012 Robert Jenkins Ethics Ethics are a set of values subjected to analysis based on morals varying by each individual’s belief systems. Moral factors are represented differently given the nature and personal beliefs of human beings involved in certain social settings or working environments. Ethics deal with a person’s values, beliefs, virtues, and relevance of duties in an organization or working environment. When ethics are subjected to analysis the relevance of behaving ethically or unethically differ according to moral reasoning set by a person’s background or cultural upbringing. For the discussion on ethics details will explain the role of ethics and social responsibility in developing a strategic plan while considering stakeholder needs and agendas. Further along in the ethics discussion will include one example of a company overstepping ethical boundaries for stakeholder agendas and what types of preventative measures could be taken to avoid this type of situation. The relationship of ethics in a social setting can require strategic planning based on the responsibilities an organization sets for employees providing different components in a social setting. The strategic responsibility in developing a strategic plan is set into motion by strong leadership in management that should provide a guideline for a strategic management process. Role of Ethics and Social Responsibilities The roles of ethics based on a person’s...
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...Ethical Role of the Manager In a broad construction of the ethical role of the manager, managing and leading can be said to be inherently ethics-laden tasks because every managerial decision affects either people or the natural environment in some way—and those effects or impacts need to be taken into consideration as decisions are made. A narrower construction of the ethical role of the manager is that managers should serve only the interests of the shareholder; that is, their sole ethical task is to meet the fiduciary obligation to maximize shareholder wealth that is embedded in the law, predominantly that of the United States, although this point of view is increasingly accepted in other parts of the world. Even in this narrow view, however, although not always recognized explicitly, ethics are at the core of management practice. The ethical role of managers is broadened beyond fiduciary responsibility when consideration is given to the multiple stakeholders who constitute the organization being managed and to nature, on which human civilization depends for its survival. Business decisions affect both stakeholders and nature; therefore, a logical conclusion is that those decisions have ethical content inherently and that managerial decisions, behaviors, and actions are therefore inherently ethical in nature. Whenever there are impacts due to a decision, behavior, or action that a leader or manager makes, there are ethical aspects to that decision or situation. While some skeptics...
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...ANALYZE ETHICAL AND LEGAL CONCEPTS VERNOICA HENRY MANAGING IN HEALTH &HUMAN SERVICE SUSAN VELLEK August 1, 2016 I chose Analyze Ethical and Legal concepts; because Healthcare has become one of the main issues United States is facing. Great powers of transformation exist on labor contained by the American health-care organization. The community discussion regarding health-care funding also admission to coverage analysis is increasing. Nevertheless lower the superficial, a discreet however eventually possibly additional important method of adjustment is ongoing: the change of health-care administration and distribution—certainly, well-being expert effort the situation—concluded the knowledge and transformation development of health-care excellence development. The management development in motherhood ladies concerning delivery duties increases moral quandaries connected to concern for females throughout delivery. Generous delivery is an authoritative, life-changing occasion that verdures an eternal impression on the motherhood lady. The labor involvement might be apparent certainly or damagingly or with moods of uncertainty. This expressive qualitative education requested which elements impact a lady's alteration in her specified delivery favorite since an unmediated labor to an analgesic labor. A nearness example of 33 prim parous and multiparous pregnancy females who had altered their detailed delivery favorite for discomfort controlling throughout birth partaken in conferences...
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...leading views in the contemporary literature. There are several recent authors working along similar lines, but the view emerged in my own work from an extended treatment of emotion, which supplies a somewhat different moral- psychological basis.2 The view is meant to contrast with noncognitivist accounts of ethics in terms of emotion (emotivism and more recent versions of expressivism), but I shall not review in detail the arguments that the basis it assigns to ethics allows for moral realism.3 Instead I want mainly to present the view here and to recommend it for further attention, first in more or less the form in which it emerged, as a way of explaining the special motivational force of moral judgments (Section II), and then recast in somewhat artificial terms, for comparison with another (at least arguably) realist approach to metaethics known as "response-dependency" (Section III).4 My own view can be seen as a social or two-level version of response-dependency, but with a less rigid account of motivational force introduced by the move to the social level. I shall go on to acknowledge some difficulties but also to cite further advantages of my suggested approach on issues of justification (Section IV) and on the question of the relevance of emotion to moral judgment (Section V). In a nutshell: A response-dependent account explains a concept in terms of a disposition to respond in some way under standard conditions. The paradigm case outside ethics is the definition of...
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...see information from my own personal moral code to confidentiality of the Internet. Basing a moral code is very important and you will learn more and more to help you understand what a moral code does for you. You should always follow some kind of ideals and this will help shed some light on the subject along with how it relates to a work environment. We will also discuss some important ethical issues impacting organizations today like confidentiality and environment, health, and safety policy. To wrap it up there will be some cases discussing the seven ethical approaches. Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………2 Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………............3 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………..4 Part I. My Professional Code of Ethics…………………………………………………………5 My Code of Ethics My Touchstones My Approach to Avoiding Faulty Thinking My Personal Approach to Four Major Ethical Dilemmas My Policy as a Supervisor or Manager Part II. Two Primary Ethical Issues Impacting Organizations………………………………….8 Environment, Health and Safety Policy Confidentiality Part III. Case Analysis………………………………………………………………………....10 Quality Management: Signing Off on a Substandard Product AutoZone Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………...14 Introduction Everyone’s moral code is different because of their upbringing and life experiences. Your own moral code is very important because you need to have a personal code you go by to make important decisions...
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...activities has been undertaken as entities seek to be market leaders. Business ethics encompasses the relationship the company has with the employees, customers, shareholders and the community. Business ethics is the analysis of business activities and situations where issues pertaining what constitute a right or wrong act are dealt with through institutional processes (Jennings, 2011). Consequently, ethics involves ascertaining good practices from bad practices based on the context of morals. On the other hand, moral conduct is the behaviour exhibited by human beings that can either be right or wrong depending on the context whereas business ethics. Business ethics can be viewed from two distinct perspectives; descriptive ethics and normative ethics. Normative ethics ascribes to the justification of moral systems whereas descriptive ethics depicts what ethical practices are. Ideally, the paper will delve into more details concerning what business ethics entails and the importance of business ethics to individuals and businesses alike. Body In analysing business ethics, it is important to differentiate ethics and law. An individual might argue that the law is concerned with handling wrongful acts hence applicable in business. However, ethics is mainly based on moral acts which are not codified into either social law or prohibitions. Of importance is that most of the morally...
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...it was easy to see that his heart was not in his work. He resorted to shoddy workmanship and used inferior materials. It was an unfortunate way to end his career. When the carpenter finished his work and the builder came to inspect the house, the contractor handed over the house key to the carpenter. “This is your house,” he said, “it is my parting gift to you.” What a shock! What a Shame! If only he had known he was building his own house, he would have done it all so differently. Now he had to live in the home he built none too well. (Modified from LIVING WITH HONOUR by SHIV KHERA) Do we find ourselves in similar situations as the carpenter? Moving through our work hours fast paced, driven to “get the job done”, without much thought to moral values. How do we regain our focus as individuals and organizations? This is the challenge for the employee and the employer. Ethics are fundamental standards of conduct by which we work as a professional. VALUES Values are individual in nature. Values are comprised of personal concepts of responsibility, entitlement and respect. Values are shaped by personal experience, may change over the span of a lifetime and may be influenced by lessons learned. Values may vary according to an individual‟s cultural, ethnic and/or faithbased background. “Never change your core values.” In spite of all the change...
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...An analysis of some of the ethical concepts identified from the American Nursing Association (ANA) code of ethics The American Nursing Associations (ANA) code of ethics for nurse practitioners was first adopted in 1950 with the sole purpose of reinforcing the ethical obligations of every individual who joins the nursing profession (American Nurses Association, 2001). The document provides a detailed and explicit elaboration of the ethical duties that nurses are expected to fulfil in their day to day routine undertakings as nurses. The following paper attempts to analyze some of the ethical concepts identified in the ANA code of ethics for nurses in the United States. Found in the first provision of the ANA code of ethics, the right to...
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...Code of Ethics Analysis When a person works in any company, they are required to hold up to certain standards in their work and even have some morals in how they do conduct themselves. Often this can be referred to in business as a code of conduct. According to the code of ethics, it is a set of principles, which are also designed to help people do business with honesty and integrity (“Code of Ethics" 2013). Within most companies the code of ethics does involve their mission, vision, values as well as their purpose for the organization. The code of ethics represents the companies’ core values and the ethical principles in which all employees should uphold. These same beliefs are shared in many different fields such as the military, the government, police officers and even the human services. In the human service industry, these ethical principles are called the National Association of Social Workers (NASW). NASW’s code of ethics is a guide that all social workers use to help them conduct themselves in an ethical manner which it also benefits the client as well. The code of ethics of the NASW is the “ethical principles” and standards (Manning, 2003). Even though these sections break into different parts, they are primarily there for its function to show the workers on how to use their morals and guide them into everyday decision-making. These resources give an excellent guidance to employees when it comes to dealing with an emergency situation that may occur even in...
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...ILLINOIS STATE UNIVERSITY Does moral leadership matter? MBA412-Fall, 2014 BIBHU DASH 2014 Contemporary Business Perspective and Leadership Skills Table of Contents Page # 1. Introduction 2. Basic concepts and analysis of Moral and Ethical Leadership 3. Definition of Concepts a. Defining Leadership b. Defining Moral Leadership 4. Current State of Knowledge a. Literature Review 5. Argument Map 6. Assumptions and Point of View by Stakeholders 7. Evaluation of Argument a. Wheel Of Critical Thinking b. Universal Intellectual standards Evaluation 8. Key Take-Away 9. Plan to enhance Moral leadership skills a. Plan Table 10. Bibliography 2 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 12 14 1 Introduction Does moral leadership matter? In my opinion, yes it really does matter. Even if for high organization performance the leadership has to focus on high shareholder returns, but it should not solely focus on returns by compromising boundaries of morality. In this paper we will discuss whether moral leadership is crucial for an organization to be successful. First, we will define what moral leadership is and will discuss what are the standards of morality that needs to be maintained in a high performing organization. Then we will discuss whether the moral standards will be same for both personal and organization or they will be different. Then we will talk about the current state of knowledge of this topic and the implications and recommendations that we have found from our literature...
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...Exxon Valdez allowed happenings which were seen as common practice. In any other situation this would taboo and not ethical. There was conflict of interest in the safety of the crew and the environment as seen with the emergency training and planning and the captaining skills which resulted in a natural disaster which should have been prevented. An analysis of the traits of a profession evidently suggests management would arguably not be classified as a profession. Ultimately managers therefore do not adhere to the same level of ethical standards as professionals. For Exxon managers to be ethically responsible in their commercial roles they need to find ways of balancing the needs of the company and satisfying their own personal interests with that of the organisation. One way of achieving this is to strictly adhere to the organisations code of ethics, which sets out the best way to behave in certain situations. Table of Contents Oceana Pharmaceutical 1 Executive summary 2 Introduction 3 Body 5 Ethical issues faced by Management at Exxon and similar corporations 5 Relevant norms, ethical principles, codes of ethics, applicable to the management of Exxon Valdez 8 Is management a profession?...
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