...Motivation and Emotion Sarah Malcolm PSY/202 June 15, 2014 “Motivation is what moves you forward and causes you to do the things that you do” (Pearson Media (n.d.). The five approaches to motivation are instinct, drive-reduction, arousal, incentive and cognitive. The instinct approach upholds instincts or “innate patterns of behavior that are biologically determined” (Psychology and Your Life). The instinct approach interprets why we have food and mate-seeking deportments viewed by all humans as, hunger and sex, which are primary instincts. According to the instinct theory organisms are motivated to deport in particular ways because, they are evolutionarily programmed to do so. For example, how life in the animal world has seasonal migrations or hibernations. These animals do not learn this roaming deportment, moving occasionally from one region to area to another: instead, an inborn pattern of demeanor. Drive-reduction is the second approach which states that a lack of some requisite drives us to acquire that need. “Homeostasis, the body’s tendency to maintain a steady internal state, underlies primary drives” (Psychology and Your Life). For example, when your stomach churns and grumbles this is your drive, your replication would be to seek out food to subdue your hunger pangs, the drive- reduction. “Homeostasis brings deviations in body functioning back to an optimal state, similar to the way a thermostat and furnace work in a home heating system to maintain...
Words: 827 - Pages: 4
...PSY/211 February 10, 2013 Kurtis Armstrong Motivation and Emotion The five approaches to motivation are the instinct approach, drive-reduction approach, arousal approach, incentive approach, and cognitive approach. Each approach has a different affect on motivation. In the instinct approach psychologists believe the behavior is biologically determined and not learned (Feldman, 2010). The drive-reduction approach suggests that the motivation is driven by having to satisfy a personal need. According to Feldman (2010), “arousal approaches seek to explain behavior in which the goal is to maintain or increase excitement”. The incentive approach to motivation suggests it is driven by the environment that direct and energize behavior. The last approach is the cognitive approach, which suggests thoughts, expectations and understanding of the world are behind motivation. The main emotions identified in the text are physical, behavioral and subjective. Schachter cognitive arousal theory, also known as the two factor theory of motion two steps must take place. Physical arousal happens first, and then the person must determine the reason behind the arousal in order for it to be an emotion. In the common sense theory a stimulus leads to an emotion which then creates a response. Being student at any age can cause a person to feel various emotions. One positive emotion a student may experience is the feeling of pride. Being a student is tough work, it is a job all on its own. Knowing...
Words: 406 - Pages: 2
...Motivation and Emotion Motivation is best described as “the factors that direct and energize the behavior of human beings and other organisms” (Feldman, 2010, p. 244). The different motivation approaches can be divided into five categories: Instinct, Drive-Reduction, Arousal, Incentive, and Cognitive. The instinctive approach refers to the patterns organisms are born with that give the energy to channel various actions in the direction required for survival. An example of an instinctive approach could be sexual behavior in response to the instinct to reproduce (Feldman, 2010, p. 244). This approach can affect motivation because it is the instinctive reactions that can keep organisms alive. The drive-reduction approach proposes that a lack of something needed induces an internal drive to fulfill that need. An example of this approach could be hunger. When someone feels he or she needs food, that person will find something to eat to fulfill that need. Two types of drives fall within this approach: primary, and secondary. Primary drives are needs such as food, water, sleep, and sex. Whereas a secondary drive does not fulfill an obvious biological need. An example of a secondary drive could be a need for academic or financial success (Feldman, 2010, p. 245). The purpose of this approach is to satisfy either the primary or secondary drive, therefore affecting motivation. The arousal approach is used to maintain or increase a person’s level of excitement (Feldman, 2010, p...
Words: 1155 - Pages: 5
...Motivation and Emotion: Option one We all have needs. There are many things that we need to achieve before making it to the big goal, whether it’s our day to day goals, or goals we achieve over time. moreover, psychologically we have specific personal needs that need to be met before we feel satisfied and motivated in our daily lives. Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of motivational needs is a model of what we are to fulfil in order to keep the motivation. Starting at the bottom of the pyramid, first we have Physiological; your basic needs for everyday life like eating and drinking water, you first seek food and water to assure your health and wellness. you need food and water as well as you need sleep, exercise, air, and physical intimacy. seeking physical intimacy is not the same as seeking love and belongingness, although they sometimes seem more related, physical intimacy and love are very far from each other. physiological is the the base of the pyramid because it is the very foundation of what we need not only to stay alive, but to stay motivated in our lives. Above Physiological is Safety. we all need to feel safe in our daily lives, and we all need to feel safe and secure in our home environment. The need for safety and security also include financial security, having a job that pays well and being able to pay your way and keep that roof over your head plays a big role in this need for safety. Love and Belongingness is third on the hierarchy and stands for our need...
Words: 418 - Pages: 2
...Thoughts on Emotions and Motivation. Motivation is defined as the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. Motivation is what causes us to act, whether it is getting a glass of water to reduce thirst or reading a book to gain knowledge. It involves the biological, emotional, social and cognitive forces that activate behavior. In everyday usage, the term motivation is frequently used to describe why a person does something. For example, you might say that a student is so motivated to get into a clinical psychology program that she spends every night studying. There are three major components to motivation: activation, persistence and intensity. Activation involves the decision to initiate a behavior, such as enrolling in a psychology class. Persistence is the continued effort toward a goal even though obstacles may exist, such as taking more psychology courses in order to earn a degree although it requires a significant investment of time, energy and resources. Finally, intensity can be seen in the concentration and vigor that goes into pursuing a goal. For example, one student might coast by without much effort, while another student will study regularly, participate in discussions and take advantage of research opportunities outside of class. Different types of motivation are frequently described as being either extrinsic or intrinsic. Extrinsic motivations are those that arise from outside of the individual and often involve rewards such as...
Words: 1103 - Pages: 5
...Motivation and Emotion Principles of Psychology Bryant & Stratton College By: Tara Hardaway Instructor: Pamela Parker Motivation and Emotion I choose to write this paper on motivation and emotion in order to identify how if the two are combined they create a sense of satisfaction in the workplace as well as daily life. I had to define the meanings of them and elaborate on the effect of them and identify how they have been used in my professional work life. "The term motivation refers to factors that activate, direct, and sustain goal-directed behavior... Motives are the "whys" of behavior - the needs or wants that drive behavior and explain what we do. We don't actually observe a motive; rather, we infer that one exists based on the behavior we observe." (Nevid, 2013) When it comes to work a person needs to be motivated to know what type of work environment they would choose to work in. Once you have the right environment the motivation comes naturally. You want to do your best and most you really do. Hauser, L. (2014) stated that in today's society and economy employees are well educated and relatively well off. This fact strongly influences the mechanisms of motivation. Therefore, today's managers have to use a large variety of motivational instruments. While under employment as an Adult Instructor with RCSD, I had the opportunity to work for the Family Learning Center in Rochester NY. In order to attend the Family Learning Center a students who had been out of school...
Words: 1705 - Pages: 7
...Motivation and Emotions Motivation and emotion go hand in hand; they are interlinked and influence each other to a great extent. The question many ask is- how? Well, it's simple really. Let's see what motivation and emotion are defined as individually... * Motivation Motivation is the' X factor' that drives you to achieve your goal. With motivation, you know what you want and why you want it. All you need to do is to go about finding ways to utilize your motivation to reach your goal/s. Motivation explains the WHY in any action taken by you. Psychologists have agreed that it is driven by a need or a want that gets molded into behavior that is goal specific, and that the need is then given direction. * Emotion We understand emotions better when we describe them as feelings. We feel emotions, and they are physically expressed via tears, laughter, anger, melancholy, or violence to name just a few. Psychologists feel that emotion stems from perception, and is then brought about due to a hormonal response to this perception. Emotion involves four factors that are integrated as parts of a syndrome. These four factors are tendency to act, bodily or physical reaction, cognitive appraisals, and expressive movements. Feelings and motivation work in tandem to help us reach our goals. At the same time, there are instances when emotion does not need to have an objective to exist, unlike motivation which is completely goal oriented. Motivation And Emotion: The Connection ...
Words: 560 - Pages: 3
...Motivation and Emotion 2012 Kari Renahan Psy 202 9/16/2012 Motivation and Emotion 2012 Kari Renahan Psy 202 9/16/2012 Motivation is the factors that direct and energize the behavior of humans and other organisms. The first to motivation is approach is instinct. According to instinct approaches to motivation, people and animals are born preprogrammed with sets of behaviors essential to their survival. The next approach is drive-reduction; Drive-reduction approaches to motivation suggest that a lack of some basic biological requirement such as water produces a drive to obtain that requirement. The next approach is arousal. According to arousal approaches to motivation, each person tries to maintain a certain level of stimulation and activity. The next approach is Incentive approaches to motivation which that suggests motivation stems from the desire to obtain valued external goals, or incentives. Finally Cognitive approaches to motivation which suggests that motivation is a product of people’s thoughts, expectations, and goals their cognitions. Taken together, the different approaches to motivation provide a broad understanding of behavior. There are five main emotions that every human being has. The five emotions are love, joy, anger, sadness, and fear. As a student these emotions can affect me on a daily basis. One positive emotion I feel is joy. I become joyful and proud when I know that I have done well on an assignment and my...
Words: 363 - Pages: 2
...Motivation and Emotion Work Sheet Christopher Owen PSY 211 February 20, 2013 David Hudson Motivation and Emotion Work Sheet 1. Describe the five approaches to motivation. Explain how each approach affects motivation. Instinct Approach Through instinct approach people and animals are born preprogrammed with sets of behaviors essential to their survival. For example, eating food is a response to survive and grow. This approach affects motivation based on the need to survive. Drive-Reduction Approach This theory believes that what motivates people to perform certain acts is the lack of some basic biological requirement. This creates a drive that motivates the specific behavior. Arousal Approach With Arousal Approach the explanation of behavior is based upon the understanding that each person attempts to maintain a certain level of stimulation and activity. For example, individuals who participate in dangerous actives, such as sky diving require a higher level of arousal than those who participate in less dangerous activities such as playing board games. The motivation of this approach is the desire to maintain or increase the level of stimulation and activity. Incentive Approach Working hand-in-hand with Drive-reduction approach the Incentive approach attempts to explain behavior by implying that the reason a behavior is completes...
Words: 694 - Pages: 3
...Motives- are the needs, wants, interests, and desires that propel people toward behavior. Motivation involves goal-directed behavior • Drive Theories apply the concept of homeostasis, a state of physiological equilibrium or stability to behavior. A drive is an internal state of tension that motivates an organism to engage in activities that should reduce this tension. • Incentive theories hold that motivation is regulated by external stimuli (Ex. Ice cream, an A, money etc.). An incentive is an external goal that has the capacity to motivate behavior - Drive and incentive models are often contrasted as push-versus-pull theories. Drive theories emphasize how internal states of tension push people in certain directions. Incentive theories emphasize how external stimuli pull people in a certain direction • Evolutionary theories hold that natural selection favors behaviors that maximize reproductive success- explains affiliation, achievement, dominance, aggression and sex drive - Being presentable and pleasant to be around have a higher success rate Examples of Biological Motives in Humans Examples of Social Motives in Humans - Hunger motive - Thirst motive - Sex motive - Temperature motive - Sleep and rest motive - Activity motive - Achievement motive - Affiliation motive - Nurturance motive - Dominance motive - Play motive - Order motive (tidiness, organization) The Motivation of Hunger and Eating ¬ Biological Factors • Brain Regulation - Lateral and Ventromedial...
Words: 456 - Pages: 2
...The field of psychology may have grown to be respected as a science. Objectivity and the scientific method are both part of the psychologist's mode of operation. However, even the greatest of psychologists can only theorize about what makes human beings act the way they do. Absolutes are not part of psychology . Everything is relative and open to speculation. Theorists give us their views or ideas about life. In the field of psychology, there have been many different areas of interest. Human development is one of the most popular areas of interest for those who study psychology. Freud, Erikson and Piaget are all great theorists with different ideas concerning human development. Each theorist developed ideas and stages for human development. Their theories on human development had human beings passing through different stages. Each theory differed on what these stages were. These theories also differed with their respect towards paradigmatic assumptions, learning and development, and relationship towards educational practice. Freud is known as the father of psychology. Although some of his work has been dismissed, most of it still holds weight in the world of psychology. Freud believed that human development was fueled by inner forces. He believed the most powerful of all inner forces was our sexual being. Freud linked everything with sex. This includes any bodily pleasure whatsoever. Thus, when Freud discusses the sexual needs of children, they are not the same kind of sexual...
Words: 1755 - Pages: 8
...Essentials of Psychology SSC130 Essay 25072400 The Canon-Bard Theory of Emotion Of the three models of emotion, I have chosen to describe, and relate my personal life to the Canon-Bard Theory. In summary, the Canon-Bard Theory states that the stimulus of the thalamus (or hypothalamus and limbic system with regards to new research) sends signals to both the autonomic nervous system (ANS), and to the cerebral cortex simultaneously to produce emotion. In my daily life as a surgical research anesthetist, I am faced with many crisis situations in which quick response is a necessity. I believe that the Canon-Bard Theory is the most accurate description of the way that I perceive emotions in crisis situations. Being a surgical research anesthetist sounds like a pretty dull and boring job to most people. Some people might think that all one does, is sit in a chair and watch the repetitive blips on a monitor. They would be wrong. It is actually a puzzle. It is a complex puzzle that requires your complete attention and the ability to recognize the events that could lead to a life or death situation. For seventeen years I have studied all aspects of surgery and anesthesia. I have seen hundreds, if not thousands of surgeries. The majority of the anesthetic plans that I have designed have been successful and uneventful, but there have been cases in which something goes wrong or someone makes a mistake that can get you out of your chair, fast! The surgeries being performed...
Words: 996 - Pages: 4
...pounds, took it diligently and dropped the weight. Your sister signed up for the same fitness class, took it sparingly, and then dropped the class without losing any weight. What motivated you to go to the class each time, participate in the class, follow through with your fitness plan and lose the weight? And why wasn’t your sister motivated to do the same? (If you find YOU can’t get motivated, learn how in our Motivation Booster class, which teaches students techniques for getting – and staying – motivated!) What Are Theories of Motivation? Theories of motivation try to explain why people do the things they do. What makes one person more motivated than the next to accomplish the same goal? Where does the motivation come from? Is your reward something you can touch, or is it something you feel inside? (If you can’t find the motivation at all and you find yourself constantly negating your abilities, it might be time to take Motivation to Dream Bigger, which will teach you how to monitor the negative self chatter. Oftentimes our motivation to do something – run a marathon, read a particular book, attend church, eat dinner – depends on a specific situation. For example, eating, many times, happens because we are hungry. In most instances we don’t get ‘rewarded’ for eating. We don’t win a medal when we finish our meal at the end of the day – unless, of course, our ‘medal’ is a piece of cake and we only eat the meal to get the piece of cake. Most of the time...
Words: 1493 - Pages: 6
...Motivations in Advertising Amanda Perkins PSY/211 11/27/2015 Judy Manning According to Management Innovations, motivation is “the driving force within individuals that impels them to action.” From a marketing perspective, this force is produced by an uncomfortable tension, which makes the individual have an unsatisfied need. Consumer Motivation. (2008). Verizon Wireless has a promotion where a customer trades in their old iPhone to get a free updated version of the iPhone 6. Schreier, J. (Director). (2014). The motivations being targeted in the advertisement are incentives and social. The incentive motivation is applied when the customer brings in his or her old iPhone to a Verizon store to receive an updated version free of charge. The social motivation is applied because almost every smartphone user has the iPhone 6 or another version of the iPhone. The individual wants to feel like they belong in society; so by trading in their old iPhone and getting a new updated version, the individual can now feel like they are riding on the bandwagon. The motivations not targeted in the video clip are fear, achievement, growth, and power. There are six different theories of motivation; instinct, evolution, drive, arousal, incentive, and hierarchal. The instinct and evolution theories can be compared by the environment. In both theories, behavior is affected by the environment an individual is in. Learn Psychology (pp. 362-363). The drive and arousal theories...
Words: 496 - Pages: 2
...Motivation and Global Values Motivation and Global Values – Key Takeaways Term Motivation Definition General: Process that leads people to behave as they do In marketing context: Internal drive that influences consumer to seek out, evaluate and purchase goods and services General: Degree to which an object or idea is centrally related to the value system of an individual In marketing context: person’s perceived relevance of the object based on his/her inherent needs, values, and interests State of excitement that can be pleasant or unpleasant and is experienced more or less consciously Beliefs that one condition is preferable to its opposite Involvement Emotion Value 1. Motivation → To understand motivation is to understand WHY consumers do what they do Can be described in terms of … … its strength, or the pull it exerts on the consumer and … its direction, or the particular way the consumer attempts to reduce it. The Motivation Process o Once a need is aroused, a state of tension exists that drives the consumer to attempt to reduce or eliminate it. o The desired end state of motivation is the consumer’s goal, thus motivation can be described as goal-oriented. Types of Motivational Conflicts o Approach-approach motivational conflict is when consumers must choose between two attractive alternatives o Approach-avoidance motivational conflict is described as a consumer facing a purchase choice with both positive and a negative consequence o Avoidance-Avoidance...
Words: 579 - Pages: 3
