...of different theories of motivation important to managers? Introduction To be motivated means to be moved to do something. Motivation is anything that inspires one to do something. The motivation for me to wake up early morning is to make it to the university in time. Motivation may be defined as psychological forces that determine the direction of a person's behaviour in an organization, a person's level of effort and a person's level of persistence in the face of obstacles. Managers motivate their employees. Most companies are looking into ways to improve efficiency, productivity, and quality. The question is how to make employees work more productively? This is a question of utmost importance to any manager. The answer to this question is very complex and critical. I will address this question by using various journals, research paper and books. There are several theories which manager may employ in order to motivate the employee. This paper will discuss about various types of motivation theories. It further examines which motivation theory should be applied by a manager in a particular situation in order to motivate employees. It will explain how it is dependent on the size of the organization, environment in which the organization is placed and the economic condition of the nation in which organization is. Motivation Motivation can be divided into two types: intrinsic and extrinsic (Guzzo, 1979). Intrinsic motivation is the motivation to work on something because...
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...staff that depend on several factor. This research will offer some theory messages for the academic institution about importance of job satisfaction for employees. In addition, this research would provide valuable information to management of institution by understanding the factor that affect job satisfaction. This study will give benefit to academic staff which their management can identify this to distinguish...
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...techniques make it even a worse scenario for the organizations in order to survive. These challenges compel organizations to have more motivated workforce in order to stay in the competition and to face the challenges successfully. Organization needs the employees more than ever to produce outstanding result and maximize their effectiveness and efficiency. Organizations have realized that to motivate their employees they have to introduce reward system. A system where these organizations appreciate the performance of their employees and encourage them toward more quality work. Organizations have relies that it is not the punitive actions for bad performance which will bring the motivated employees but this reward system will do. This new thinking is driving away the organizations from “command and control” approach towards the “advice and consent” to motivate their employees. Analyzing the factors that affect job satisfaction, motivation and employee performance Agency theory could be helpful. Agency theory indicates the limits to which the organizations can hold their employees responsible for the organization performance. Agency theory can be use to solve the problems arise under conditions of incomplete and asymmetric information when a principal hires an agent. According to the agency theory the principal (owner or owners) must give delegate full authority to the agents (employees or managers) to work on their behalf and run the organization. Harrison R and Kessels J. (2004, Pp 25-26)...
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...1 2.0 Conceptual Framework.........................................................................................2 2.1 Topic 1. Herzberg theory of employee motivation................................................2 2.1(a) Hygiene factor...................................................................................................3 2.2 (b) Motivating Factors............................................................................................4 3.1 The different types of leadership style...................................................................5 3.1 (a) Theory X (authoritative style of Leadership)....................................................5. 3.1(b) Theory Y ( participative style of Leadership)....................................................6. 3.1(c) Delegating style of leadership......................................................................... ...6 4.0 Applying the Conceptual framework to the Article................................................7 5.0 Conclusion...............................................................................................................7 6.0 References................................................................................................................8 1.0 Introduction: In this Assignment of principle of organization and management we have chosen an article on Human Resources Management. The field of human resources is as old as the times, because invariably during certain times...
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...UAE Organization – Etisalat, Employee Motivation and Job Satisfaction Contents Abstract 3 1.Introductory Background 3 1.1Scope of the Research 4 1.2Research objectives 4 1.3About Etisalat 5 2.Literature Review 5 2.1Understanding the Concept of Motivation 5 2.2Job Performance and Satisfaction 6 2.3Theory of Motivation – Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need 7 3. Research Methodology 8 3.1 Research Philosophy 8 3.2 Research Approach 8 3.3 Method of Data Collection and Analysis 9 3.4.Ethical consideration 9 4. Research Result 9 5. Detail Analysis of Survey 10 6. Research Discussion 16 7. Research Conclusion 17 8.Bibliography 18 Abstract In the current competitive scenario people are trying hard to match their capabilities and aspiration to achieve their personal as well as professional objectives. On the same hand even organizations are seeing tough time to maintain their market performance that determines the success and failure of the organization. The performance of employee in organization is directly correlated to their level of motivation driven through their job structure with respect to the roles and responsibilities assigned to them depending on their caliber resulting to job satisfaction. In order to create commitment as well as motivation level among employees, employer has an important role to play. It is his directions and guidance under which the employee operates in the organization. Appointing the right resource to a job requirement and assigning it a complete...
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...* GM 591: Leadership and Organizational Behavior Course Project Outline Ashanta’ Savage 2331 Turnesa Avenue, Sacramento Ca, 95822 ashantasavage@hotmail.com 916-844-9269 GM591 ON/SEC V – Leadership and Organizational Behavior Professor Anne Hallcom February 19, 2011 DeVry University is an accredited nationwide University whose headquarters are based in Chicago, Illinois; there has also been global expansion to Belize and Calgary. DeVry University’s primary goal and focus is providing quality practitioner oriented education to students and has for nearly 80 years. “The Sacramento Center, as the campus is called, is booming. Marcela Iglesias, who has been dean since it opened in 2003, estimates that the campus will exceed its capacity of 825 students within a year, and DeVry officials have begun to search for more space.” (Keller, 2010). Along with DeVry University, Carrington College, Ross University, Keller Graduate School of Management, Becker and Stalla have also been acquired under the DeVry University Inc. umbrella and are affiliated with the brand. Advanced Academics is a school recently acquired that is targeted to middle school and high school students as a means of completing their middle school and high school degrees, to ensure a greater chance of success and continuing their education after they graduate; and also been acquired under the DeVry University Inc. umbrella and are affiliated with the brand. “DeVry's origins trace back to 1931...
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...BPS / 12 / 0009 QUESTION: UNDER WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES CAN MOTIVATION INFLUENCE THE MORALE OF EMPLOYEES EXPLAIN EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION AND INTRINSIC MOTIVATION MOTIVATION All organizations are concerned with what should be done to achieve sustained high levels of performance through people. This means that giving close attention to how individuals can best be motivated through such means as incentives, rewards leadership and the team work they do and the organizational context within which they work. The aim is to develop motivation processes and a work environment that will help to ensure that individuals deliver results in accordance with the expectations of management. According to Kelly (1974), motivation has to do with forces that maintain and alter the direction, quality and intensity of behaviour. Motivation is also seen as the process of influencing or stimulating a person to take action that will accomplish desired goals (Mondy et el, 1980). Motivation can also be defined as the energy creating and guiding process behind our actions; or as the force which energizes and direct behaviour. Motivation is also the creation of stimuli, incentives and working environments that enable people to perform to the best of their ability. The aim of motivation is to give people what they really want most from work. In return, managers should expect more from people, in the form of productivity. The underlying concept of motivation is some driving force within individuals by which they...
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...Employee motivation Importance of employee motivation How Employee motivation contributes to productivity How employee motivation contributes to Job satisfaction Best Practices Importance of Employee Motivation For a long time, employees where considered in companies as just an input in the production; but in order for a human being to perform in effective levels it is important for the employee to be motivated. Motivating employees was an important topic as far back as 1789. Samuel Slater, a pioneer who introduced textile manufacturing to America, was concerned about creating a work setting where it was comfortable for workers to do their jobs. (Gibson, 2012, P.125). Motivation is the way business and personal goals are achieved. Motivation is important for any organization, doesn’t matter if the organization is team based or if the employees work independently. The mission and vision of the organization must be aligned with the individuals that work within, this is of high significance for creating a high level of motivation that can lead to higher productivity, financial gain and work quality. The final outcome of any activity within the organization will be outlined by the level of motivation of the employees, without motivation, all capabilities and experiences ere futile. Motivation is what moves productivity, similar to gasoline to an engine, if the engine does not have any fuel, it will not run. It is very common to see how the human resources department...
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...1.1. Leadership and Management Concept 2 1.2. Theories of management and leadership 3 1.3.Challenges of Leadership and Management Practices 6 2.1. Theories of Motivation 8 2.2. Role of Leadership and Management in employee motivation 10 2.3. Performance Management Technique as organizational processes 11 3.1. Development of Team by Bruce Tuckman 13 3.2. Role of leader in team development 14 3.3. Role and usefulness of team in an organization 16 References: 18 1.1. Leadership and Management Concept Leadership can be defined as the influence of an individual whom denoted as “leader”, upon the subordinates, for the achievement of organizational goal. Here, the leader should bear the quality to understand the situation and act upon so, and the action should be influential, motivational and goal oriented. Moreover, agreeing with the concept, leadership derives two aspects: (i) the leader who exerts influence and (ii) the individuals who are influenced. Thus, the success of Leadership depends upon the proper management of these two dynamics to a large extent. Likewise, Leadership should also posses different other qualities for better management of followers and lead the organization to its targeted goal. “The influential ability of a leader to effect the behavior of his followers to indirectly follow particular path as pre-defined by the leader” (Barnard, 1948) “Leadership can be defined as the mutual relationship between a leader and followers, strengthened...
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...EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION IN THE TELECOMMUNICATION SECTOR OF PAKISTAN Farheen B. Zaidi 1, Zahra Abbas 2 JULY 2011 VOL 3, NO 3 Abstract A good reward system is necessary to motivate the employees of an organization. This study was conducted in order to investigate the impact of rewards on the motivational level of employees of telecommunication sector of Pakistan. The impact of three independent variables rewards, monetary rewards and non-monetary rewards on the dependent variable motivation was studied. Four dimensions of motivation, focus, determination, effort and satisfaction were considered for the development of theoretical framework. A total of 292 questionnaires were returned fully complete. The research study showed that there exists a strong positive relationship in rewards and motivation among the employees. It was concluded that monetary rewards have greater impact on motivation of employees than the non-monetary rewards. Significant differences in rewards offered to employees and motivation level were found in the analysis of comparison of means with respect to gender, age group, marital status, working duration in the organization and salary. Keywords— Focus, Determination, Monetary Rewards, Non-Monetary Rewards, Motivation, Rewards . INTRODUCTION "Motivation is the art of getting people to do what you want them to do because they want to do it." (Eisenhower) Rewards whether monetary or non-monetary can be used as significant tools for increasing the motivation of an...
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...what you want your men to do and seeing that they do it in the best and cheapest way”. In Taylors view, if a work is analysed scientifically it will be possible to find one best way to do it. It implies application of scientific principles for studying & identifying management problems. In this, he proposed that by optimizing and simplifying jobs, productivity would increase. He also advanced the idea that workers and managers needed to cooperate with one another. This was very different from the way work was typically done in businesses beforehand. A factory manager at that time had very little contact with the workers, and he left them on their own to produce the necessary product. There was no standardization, and a worker's main motivation was often continued employment, so there was no incentive to work as quickly or as efficiently as possible. Taylor believed that all workers were motivated by money, so he promoted the idea of "a fair day's pay for a fair day's work." In other words, if a worker didn't achieve enough in a day, he didn't deserve to be paid as much as another worker who was highly productive (Taylor, 1909). Hence scientific management is a thoughtful, organized, dual approach towards the job of management against hit or miss or Rule of Thumb. Principles of Scientific Management 1. Development of Science for each part of men’s job (replacement of rule of thumb) a. This principle suggests that work assigned to any employee should be observed...
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...the positive effects of effective communication on employee motivation and performance. Specifically, in intends to compare the results between service employees and manufacturing employees in terms of communication as a motivating factor. The theories used in this study to create a conceptual framework are Herzberg Two factor theory, Goal Theory, and the circular theory of communication. The concept is that when hygiene and motivator factors are high, goals can be developed, but can only be effective only if the message was disseminated effectively. The study uses quantitative research on service and manufacturing employees. They were surveyed using a semi-structured questionnaire with ranking questions and some open-ended questions. The study found that there were only slight differences in the motivator factors for both set of respondents but there service employees are higher in hygiene. Both industries, however, see communication as an important factor in motivation. However, they only experience high hygiene, but less motivator, which means that they are not fully motivated. It has been suggested that the companies of the employees surveyed should invest on improving the motivator factors within the working environment and improve communication flows. CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND This study examines the importance of communication on the performance and motivation of employees. The target samples of the study are employees...
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...perspectives of motivation. Literature review is provided to gain an insight into the area of motivation, and some of the models in which motivational factors are articulated. From the review, intrinsic motivation is a key to the prolonged development of competitive advantage. Nevertheless, extrinsic motivation acts as a foundational support for the development of such intrinsic motivators. The report investigates the nature of the SPC-Ardmona enterprise agreement in 2012 in relation to its motivational capacity upon employees. Findings suggest that the agreement relies heavily upon extrinsic motivators through financial rewards to motivate employees. Nevertheless, intrinsic motivation is ignored, and thus prevent the ability for the employees to gain motivation. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and Herzberg’s motivator-hygiene theories are applied in this instance to evaluate the advantages and flaws of such application of extrinsic motivation within the agreement. Furthermore, the report suggests that development of intrinsic empowerment of employees is a key factor in allowing greater productivity and competitive advantage to be developed. Finally, the report concludes that the enterprise agreement is not the ultimate cause of SPC-Ardmona’s performance failure. However, the cause can be attributed to the failure of unions and management in understanding the needs of the employees, and the requirement for intrinsic motivation within the organization. Introduction ...
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...ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD (Department of Business Administration) WARNING 1. PLAGIARISM OR HIRING OF GHOST WRITER(S) FOR SOLVING THE ASSIGNMENT(S) WILL DEBAR THE STUDENT FROM AWARD OF DEGREE/CERTIFICATE, IF FOUND AT ANY STAGE. 2. SUBMITTING ASSIGNMENTS BORROWED OR STOLEN FROM OTHER(S) AS ONE’S OWN WILL BE PENALIZED AS DEFINED IN “AIOU PLAGIARISM POLICY”. Course: Management Theory and Practice (8506) Semester: Autumn, 2011 Level: MBA/M.Com Total Marks: 100 Pass Marks: 50 ASSIGNMENT No. 1 (Units: 1–5) Note: Attempt and questions. Q. 1 a) Define manager and differentiate between general manager and functional manager. Also discuss the different levels of managers with suitable examples. (12) b) Discuss the contribution of Henry Fayol in the field of Management. (08) Q. 2 What is meant by rational decision making? Explain the steps of rational decision making with a suitable example. (20) Q. 3 a) Define Management By Objective (MBO). Differentiate between Strategic planning, Tactical planning and Operational planning. (2+10) b) Explain the following planning tools: i) Forecasting ii) Benchmarking iii) Scheduling iv) Budgeting (2+2+2+2) Q. 4 a) Define the term “Delegation”. Also describe the seven steps to effective delegation. (3+7) b) Explain the following concepts: i) Centralization ii) Decentralization iii) Authority iv) Span of control v) Span of Control (2+2+2+2+2) ...
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...Motivation and Reward Systems Reward system is an organization’s most essential instrument for building and sustaining motivation in the workplace. A reward system is defined as the informal and formal processes by which performance of the members of the organization is identified, assessed, and rewarded. Obviously, rewards that are connected particularly to performance have the strongest effect on improving employee performance and motivation. Performance-based rewards fulfill numerous functions and objectives in organizations. The main principles comprise the correlation between motivation and rewards (Griffin & Moorhead, 2011). In particular, organizations would like their members to perform well and, consequently, have to motivate them to do so. When the reward system is related to greater performance, employees will most likely be driven to exert greater effort to get those rewards. When that happens, employee motivation becomes strongly tied to the organization’s goals. Proponents of behavioral sciences have long promoted the value of reward systems, the methods by which managers distribute rewards based on performance, tenure, or other aspects (Yukl, 2009). Obviously, reward systems are essential because employees accomplish the tasks they are rewarded for and poorly perform those which do not have any reward. However, before initiating organizational change, the reward system must be examined to identify whether it will positively or negatively contribute...
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