...Topic 3 – Motivation Is punishment or reward more powerful in motivating employees? Discuss this question, referring to at least three specific management theories and considering the historical context in which these ideas were developed or adopted. Introduction Most Managers today , often believe in the redemptive power of rewards to motivate their employees. ( Kohn 1993) Motivation is define as the “psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behaviour.” ( Dictionary.com) Understanding of the motivation of people at work is the key to an effective remuneration system in the organization. (Bowey, 1986) 1.Theory X and Theory Y Douglas McGregor ( Forsyth 2004 p.15) 2.Herzberg’s motivational hygiene 3.Need theory Maslow hierarchy of needs is another theory that helps describe the basic situation in which all motivational effort must be directed. ( Forsyth , 2004 ,p17). In 1938, Henry Murray postulated 20 different needs that people attempt to satisfy. Abraham H. Maslow built on Murray’s work to form one of the most widely recognized theories of motivation(Wren, 2005). It was based on conclusions he drew from his observations of individuals who came to him for assistance in coping with difficulties in their personal lives during the Great Depression ( Latham 2007) 4.Expectancy theory The expectancy theory of motivation is suggested by Victor Vroom. Unlike...
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...MOTIVATIONAL STRATEGIES Operative employee motivation strategies go a long way in workers’ productivity and loyalty. Each and every individual at work place has an inner motivational force and that’s what makes the individual wake up every morning to look forward for a brighter day at work place. Different levels of motivation may exist among workers. Some have higher drive to carry out what they are willing and able to do, on the other hand others have the motivation is to do as much as the minimum prerequisite. Employee motivation strategies tries to create principles to fathom what motivates individuals at workplace and drive their performance at work. Knowledgeable and successful managers worldwide have for decades applied range of motivational strategies to increase productivity at work place. Employing various mixes of motivational strategies depends on the kind of employees to be supervised and the situation the managers find themselves in. Managers should have it as a priority to understand when to they should praise, trust, and delegate and above all they should know and understand the benefits and disadvantages of the reward system and motivation theories. Examining motivational strategies and their affect in Productivity and performance improvement At Gift of life clinic back street is a private clinic owned by a renowned doctor who adds up as the overall manager and their work philosophy includes improving productivity together with better management skills. This is...
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...1. Discuss at least 3 valuable incentives MNCs could offer potential and current Chinese employees (1-2 paragraphs) According to the text book motivation is a “psychological process through which unsatisfied wants or needs lead to drives that are aimed at goal or incentives”. So to answer this question it is necessary think about this factors who drives people in china being better motivated. According to a research conducted by IBM China in 2005, the top three valuable incentives that motivated Chinese are “Achievement”, “Responsibility” and “Passion for the job”. Surprisingly, monetary or material reward was ranked in the end of a long list of factors according to the research. This way valuable initiatives that MNCs could offer for its potential and current employees should be linked with this three factors, so work achievement, broader range of work responsibilities and career development support from managers should be some of initiatives that managers in China should have with their employees. Besides that, according to Ke Fan, “It is important that MNCs take into account traditional Chinese values, local culture, local market competition and management practices to design a mix of solutions that will ensure talented employees to stay and to work productively” It is known that Chinese culture appreciate the environmental harmony, this way another alternative is provide organized and harmonic places for its workers. 2. Discuss how the Chinese culture differs from...
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...1.0 INTRODUCTION The director of CASSDAV Resources has requested for a report on the effectiveness and limitation of implementing and managing a Project Management Methodology. Project Methodology achieve benefits of business, produce, improve products, services, design and develop systems, and invest in company infrastructure through project activities (Davies & Hobday, 2005; Shenhar & Dvir, 2007). Standardizing these project activities by means of formalized, generic PMMs (Gunnarson, Linde, & Loid, 2000). It improves project performance by means of ensuring successful management, development, and delivery of information technology. Project remains the top priority of most organization (Yardley, 2002; Wysocki, 2007; Standish Group, 2010). Project management methodologies (PPMs) are frequently adopted with the aim of increasing project efficiency and effectiveness, embracing methods of planning, organising, controlling, directing and reporting. It creates structures for responsibility and accountability of project resources. The structure created involves appointing a project manager who carries vital responsibility on the initializing, implementing and management of the project in Cassdav Resources Limited which is in the Information Technology sector to attain its goals. The PMM is a requirement for project planning, including risk assessment, cost estimation, forecasting and economic evaluation. It can fit in any project type, designed and implemented to regulate...
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...concern for managers in organizations. The effective application of human resources to accomplish organizational objectives typically requires predictable performances of a given level (quantity and quality) from every organizational member. Theorists of both cognitive and a cognitive orientations agree that managers should give considerable emphasis to tying organizational rewards to performance on the job Hamner, 1974; Porter & Lawler, 1968). The assumption (often implicit) in these attempts to encourage increased performance is that there is an additive relationship between externally mediated rewards and rewards which arise out of task performance itself. Therefore, if either one or both types of reward outcomes can be increased, total motivation or performance behaviors can be increased. In the late 1940’s a psychology professor called Harry F. Harlow (Harlow, Harlow & Meyer 1950) conducted one of the first true intrinsic motivational experiments ever performed, using a simple puzzle where a rhesus monkey needed to perform 3 simple tasks in a specific row to complete it. A simple task for a human, but a much more complex task for a little monkey. The experiment was performed on 12 primates over a 3-week period. Almost immediately the monkeys were able to solve the puzzle and they continued to solve it every time they were near it, without receiving any kind of rewards or recognition from doing so. Nobody showed the rhesus monkeys how to solve the puzzle or taught them...
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...EFFECT OF MOTIVATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF EMPLOYEES AT GT BANK GHANA by Nduro, Millicent (PG, 4128310) A Thesis submitted to the Institute Of Distance Learning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, in Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of COMMONWEALTH EXECUTIVE MASTERS OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SEPTEMBER 2012 DECLARATION I, hereby declare that this submission is my own work towards the Executive Masters of Business Administration, and to the best of my knowledge, it contains no material previously published by another person nor material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree of this and any other University, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text. Millicent Nduro (PG 4128310) Student Name & ID ...................................... ................................ Date Signature Certified by: Mr. Samuel Kwesi Enninful Supervisor …………………………… Signature …………………………. Date Professor I. K. Dontwi Dean, IDL ……………………………… Signature ………………………… Date ABSTRACT The success or failure of any business as a matter of fact depends largely on its employees; thus human resources are very essential to the organisation as they are the key to prosperity, productivity and performance. How employees are perceived, treated and how they feel about themselves and ultimately their output directly or indirectly has an impact on their performance and development of the organisation. De motivated employees under no...
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...investigating the effectiveness of intangible rewards on employees’ motivation level. We propose that age moderates the effectiveness of intangible rewards on increasing employees’ motivation in the workplace. Specifically, we suggest that Generation Y’s are relatively more intrinsically motivated than older generations. Given the strong positive relationship between rewards and motivation, there are many factors that influence an employee’s level of motivation. Motivation is defined as a person who is "hard" at work, one who "keeps at" his work and one who directs his behavior towards appropriate outcomes (Johns & Von Saks, 2011). Daft and Marcic (2008) has defined motivation as the force or forces that arouse enthusiasm and persistence to pursue a certain course of action. Rewards motivate people both intrinsically and extrinsically. Extrinsic rewards consist of monetary gains and job promotions, whereas intrinsic rewards comprise of meaningful work and work-life balance. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Alderfer's ERG theory suggests that one will be motivated to be able to satisfy personal needs. Additionally, the Trinity Model is another method of classifying people’s needs –namely, into biological, psychological and spiritual aspects (Dahlgaard-Park, 2010). 2. Literature Gap and Importance of Study Much research conducted in various studies in the past has established the relationship between rewards and motivation. However, very few studies have been conducted with age...
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...Executive Summary This assignment is study about the Organisation Studies issue which is Organisation Rewards and Employees’ Motivation. In order to further study the issue, an interview section was held in Bayview Hotel Georgetown Penang. The Front Office Manager was selected as the respondent. The interviewee has given a lot of useful and credible information when commenting the employees’ motivation during the interview section. Throughout the interview section, the Bayview employees’ motivation level has shown positive effect towards the organisation. Meanwhile, the organisation is developing the current rewards system which helps increase the employees’ job performance in near future. The study case has brought out an important issue which is the motivation level among the employees has occupied a very important position in an organisation. It will lead to a positive working environment and increase the revenue of the company as the company rewards them according to their needs. 1.0 Introduction Bayview Hotel Georgetown Penang which formerly known as City Bayview Hotel Penang Malaysia is one of the member of Bayview International Hotels & Resorts in worldwide. The Founder and Chairman of Oriental Holdings Berhad (OHB) and Boon Siew groups of companies in both Malaysia and Singapore, the late Tan Sri Loh Boon siew, purchased a land parcel in the year 1978. A 40-rooms property was built along Batu Ferringhi Beach in Penang and named as Bayview Motel...
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...www.ccsenet.org/ijbm International Journal of Business and Management Vol. 5, No. 11; November 2010 Effect of Work Motivation on Job Satisfaction in Mobile Telecommunication Service Organizations of Pakistan Rizwan Saleem (Corresponding author) MS, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad, Pakistan Tel: 92-321-501-6378 E-mail: Rizwanprofessional@gmail.com Azeem Mahmood MS, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad, Pakistan Tel: 92-345-587-6377 E-mail: Azeem.Mahmood@hotmail.com Asif Mahmood Phd-Scholar, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad, Pakistan Tel: 92-332-537-1941 Abstract Study Objectives: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the impact of work motivation on job satisfaction in mobile telecommunication service organizations in Pakistan. In addition, the study aimed at exploring to what extent the employees are satisfied with different dimensions of their job. Research Design/Methodology: A survey-based descriptive research design was used. The study was carried on employees working in two service provider organizations of Pakistan. About 60 survey questionnaires were distributed in October, 2009 by using in person and email modes of communication. Stepwise regression analysis, correlation and p-value were used to confirming the research hypotheses. Results: As p-value is less then .05 so it can be said that the variables chosen for the study are not highly significant. The value of R square is too low that can be used for the relationship analysis...
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...Why Your Employees Are Losing Motivation 4/10/2006 Business literature is packed with advice about worker motivation—but sometimes managers are the problem, not the inspiration. Here are seven practices to fire up the troops. From Harvard Management Update. by David Sirota, Louis A. Mischkind, and Michael Irwin Meltzer Most companies have it all wrong. They don't have to motivate their employees. They have to stop demotivating them. The great majority of employees are quite enthusiastic when they start a new job. But in about 85 percent of companies, our research finds, employees' morale sharply declines after their first six months—and continues to deteriorate for years afterward. That finding is based on surveys of about 1.2 million employees at 52 primarily Fortune 1000 companies from 2001 through 2004, conducted by Sirota Survey Intelligence (Purchase, New York). The fault lies squarely at the feet of management—both the policies and procedures companies employ in managing their workforces and in the relationships that individual managers establish with their direct reports. Our research shows how individual managers' behaviors and styles are contributing to the problem (see sidebar "How Management Demotivates")—and what they can do to turn this around. Three key goals of people at work To maintain the enthusiasm employees bring to their jobs initially, management must understand the three sets of goals that the great majority of workers seek from their work—and then...
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...A Study of Motivation: How to Get Your Employees Moving SPEA Honors Thesis Spring 2012 Indiana University Kelli Burton Management May 2012 Faculty Advisor: Cheryl Hughes May 2012 Page | 1 Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... 3 Personal Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 4 Topic Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 4 Research Methods ........................................................................................................................... 5 Definition of Motivation ................................................................................................................. 6 Theories of Motivation ................................................................................................................... 7 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs .................................................................................................... 7 Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory .................................................................................................. 9 The Four Motivations ............................................................................................................... 11 PERMA Model .............
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...EMPLOYEES’ MOTIVATION AS A STRATEGIC OPTION FOR INCREASING PERFORMANCE IN FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC, MUBI-ADAMAWA STATE By Stephen Pembi E-mail: vandisha@yahoo.com Phone No: +2348035884660 Assistant Lecturer Department of Business Administration Faculty of Arts, Social and Management Sciences Adamawa State University, Mubi-Nigeria EMPLOYEES’ MOTIVATION AS A STRATEGIC OPTION FOR INCREASING PERFORMANCE IN FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC, MUBI-ADAMAWA STATE ABSTRACT This study focused on the motivational factors as tools for improving performance and spur from the fact that non chalet attitude of workers resulted into laxity of work by the employees. Motivation is seen as a drive on employees to become what he/she perceived to be. Thus, employees strive strongly to meet target in order to be adequately rewarded for what they achieved, the data for the study was obtained using questionnaire administered on a sample of 180 academics and non academic staff of the Federal Polytechnic, Mubi, out of which 150 were returned. The data was subjected to percentage analysis (%) using pie chart and the result signifies that adequate motivation enhance efficiency which in turn leads to high performance/productivity. It is thus, recommended that employees should be encouraged to participate via management by objective(MBO) and Polytechnic should provide high-quality operational atmosphere via provision of first-class office accommodation, furniture, and many more for increasing competence and productivity...
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...Australasian Journal of Educational Technology 2012, 28(4), 580-598 Empirical validation of the importance of employees’ learning motivation for workplace e-learning in Taiwanese organisations Hsiu-Ju Chen and Chia-Hung Kao I-Shou University, Taiwan E-learning systems, adopted by organisations for employee training to enhance employees’ performance, are characterised by self-directed, autonomous learning. Learning motivation is then of importance in the design of e-learning practices in workplace. However, empirical study of the alignment of e-learning with individual learning needs and organisational goals is an area with limited research. This study intends to clarify the importance of learning motivation in employees’ e-learning systems use behaviour, based on the information systems success model. Data from one hundred and eighty-five employees who used e-learning systems in their work environment were gathered in Taiwan and analysed with PLS. Results showed that employees’ learning motivation, reflecting their learning needs and strengths, influenced perceived usefulness and satisfaction with e-learning, and their use of the systems, which enhanced their task performance. The results validated the importance of employees’ learning motivation and the need for alignment of employees’ learning needs and organisational goals in e-learning training. The clarification can help facilitate an organisation’s human capital management, and contributes to further advancement of...
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...This essay uses motivation theory to explain how Caribbean managers can enhance motivation of their employees. Motivation has three levels of analysis; the individual, group and organization. It’s not only the managers or the organization’s responsibility to motivate their employees, they themselves should be intrinsically motivated to perform well on the job; but one key aspect of being a manager, is being able to accomplish tasks and subsequently the organization’s goals through the efforts of other people. It is generally accepted and proven that motivation is essential in organization but what exactly is motivation? Motivation, specifically in relation to organizational goals, is“the processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal”(Robbins and Judge: 204).To expound on this definition, it is a series of actions that causes an individual to persistently channel their efforts, with great devotion, in a direction that benefits the organization. For example, a motivated salesman will direct his efforts into meeting or surpassing his sales quota for the week or month, which in turn benefits the company. To understand motivational issues in a culturally diverse workforce, managers need to pay attention to both their people’s cultural values and the fundamental attitudes toward work (Hitt, Black and Porter 2012). Vega-Rosada (2006) and Punnett (2001, 2006) in their respective studies suggest that the colonial heritage...
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...Explain analytically, how motivation theories could help managers elicit ‘discretionary effort’ from employees. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples of HR practices. One of the most interesting fields of study in human resource management is that of motivation. Researchers have always tried to determine what motivates people's actions and, as a result, different motivation theories have emerged. But before these theories are examined, it should be made clear what motivation means. Lots of academics, including Beardwell and Clayton(2007), define motivation as willingness to exert effort for the realization of specific goals. When a person is motivated, his behaviour is based upon his or her individual needs. Many different factors affect human behaviour, so motivation could be described as a psychological process between the individual and the environment. According to Steers(1996), motivation is extremely important for understanding organizational behaviour. Herzberg also notes that specific attention should be turned to motivation, as it plays an essential part in work organizations. However, human behaviour varies from person to person, which means that people are often motivated by completely different factors. This variation in motivational variables means that it is difficult for managers to predict exact human behaviour or to manipulate employee's psychological willingness. That is the reason why there is no one best motivation theory or framework that can...
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