Task 11
What is motivation?
Motivation is essentially about commitment to doing something. In the context of a business, motivation can be said to be about “the will to work ”. Motivation can come from the enjoyment of the work itself or from the desire to achieve certain goals such as earn more money or achieve promotion. It can also come from the sense of satisfaction that we gain from completing something, or achieving a successful outcome after a difficult project or problem solved. Why does motivation matter in business? In short, people’s behavior is determined by what motivates them. The performance of employees is a product of both their abilities and motivation. A talented employee who feels de-motivated is unlikely to perform well at work, whereas a motivated employee can often deliver far more than is expected from them!

Introduction of Expectancy Theory
One of the most widely accepted theories of employee motivation was developed by Victor Vroom in 1964. Expectancy theory is based on the premise that a person will be motivated to put forth a higher level of effort if they believe their efforts will result in higher performance and thus better rewards. If we break down this definition, we can see three key components, which include expectancy, instrumental and valence.
Expectancy theory is based on these three components: a) Expectancy: A worker must be confident that his efforts will result in better productivity and that he has the ability to perform the task well. b) Instrumentality: The worker must be confident that such high performance will be Instrumental in getting desired rewards. c) Valence: The worker must value these rewards as desired and satisfactory.
Vroom concludes that the force of motivation in an employee can be calculated using the formula: Motivation= Expectancy* Instrumentality* Valence .
However, expectancy