...Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is produced by a strain of staph bacteria that's become resistant to the antibiotics generally used to treat normal staph infections. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was first discovered in 1961. Today In present time MRSA has turned out to be a dangerous health problem, Bacteria are always altering because of genetic reasons and the continustened change. Therefore, because of the change numerous bacteria begin to increase the resistant to a specific antibiotic. As soon as the less resistant and weaker bacteria come into contect with that identical antibiotic, and so they stop living. However, the resistant and more stronger bacteria remain before they disappear. If these more tougher and stronger bacteria happen to live then they can duplicate. The newly Once more the dublicated bacteria hold the same to the antibiotic and extra variations diffrenceces in their genetic influence refer that a large number of these off-spring bacteria will be even morestronger and tougher. As time goes on, the frequently change of bacteria genetics and the population favoring of one form of a medication over another has indicated to the more thougher and stronger types of Staphylococcus aurous. But normally these though forms are only stronger of one or two antibiotics; nevertheless, MRSA is frequently indicated to as the “superbug” because it can be thouhger to even more antibiotics. ("What Is Mrsa? Why Is Mrsa A Concern...
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...Cause and Effects of MRSA By: Danielle Ingrassia Abstract In this essay I will be describing what MRSA is, how it is transmitted, what the effects of it are and how it can be prevented. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium that causes infections in different parts of the body. It's tougher to treat than most strains of staphylococcus aureus (staph) because it's resistant to some commonly used antibiotics. The symptoms of MRSA depend on where you're infected. Most often, it causes mild infections on the skin, like sores or boils. It can also cause more serious skin infections or infect surgical wounds, the bloodstream, the lungs, or the urinary tract. Though most MRSA infections aren't serious, some can be life-threatening.. Because it's hard to treat, MRSA is sometimes called a "super bug." Staph is a common bacteria that can live in our bodies. Plenty of healthy people carry staph without being infected by it, one-third of everybody has staph bacteria in their noses. Staph can be a problem if it manages to get into the body, often through a cut or leasion. Once there, it can cause an infection. Staph is one of the most common causes of skin infections in the United States. These are usually minor and don't need special treatment. Sometimes, staph can cause serious problems like infected wounds or pneumonia. Staph can usually be treated with antibiotics. But over the decades, some strains of staph, like MRSA, have become resistant...
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...Chintan Shah 11/19/12 English 101 MRSA Paper In 1968, the United States experienced its first MRSA outbreak. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA, was first discovered in the Boston City Hospital and the amount of infections was slowly increasing by the years. This was due to the fact that when someone gets MRSA, they actually have an infection of the staphylococcus aureus. The staphylococcus aureus are a group of bacteria that already reside within the human being. The general population is not even aware that 25 to 30% of them consist the staphylococcus aureus bacteria primarily on their nose and skin. (McCaughey, 07). However, it is not a concern until these bacteria are able to enter the body through a cut or some type of wound. Furthermore, MRSA is tougher to treat because of the fact that it is resistant to most antibiotics known to present day. MRSA is a bacteria infection that is resistant to most antibiotics and is caused by the entrance of staphylococcus bacteria into the body; MRSA has also exponentially increased as the years have progressed causing it to be more common within humans now. MRSA is described as many doctors to be a “flesh-eating” infection due to the severity of the infection. Many of the signs and symptoms may seem common and one may not even know if they have MRSA or not. Some of the symptoms are high temperature, chills, dizziness, and bites that may be similar to spider bites or small red bumps that resembles pimples...
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...Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in state of Michigan MRSA is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. MRSA is a potentially dangerous type of staph bacteria that is resistant to certain antibiotics and may cause skin and other infections. According to Haddadin and Fappiano in “Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the intensive care unit” MRSA is a Gram positive organism. The individual cocci measuring from 0.5-0.7 μm in diameter; it can come singly, in pairs or in short chains (2002). There is both MRSA that is developed while in the hospital and out. Community Associated (CA) MRSA starts as red bumps or boils which can turn into more serious painful puss filled bumps. Healthcare Associated (HA) MRSA can lead to more severe illness to the vital organs and can lead to widespread infections. According to Methicillin- Resistant Staphyloccus aureus Infections by John Jernigan and Alex Kallen, once acquired, MRSA can be long-lasting. A patient that gets MRSA during a hospital stay has increased risk for MRSA infections after they are released. MRSA carriers also have the potential to further transmission as they move through and across healthcare facilities. The quality of MRSA control in one facility may influence the MRSA experience in others. If MRSA is not controlled it can result in severe illness. For example, if it reaches your blood, lungs, or joints more serious illness can happen or even pneumonia. The Michigan...
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...Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is known as one of the most common superbugs. The prevention and control of MRSA is the most written about pathogen.1 It is becoming more and more difficult to treat since this bacteria is constantly developing a resistance to several antibiotics. Methicillin was used as an antibiotic to treat Staphylococcus aureus. In England in 1961, the first strain of MRSA was found.2 MRSA is a bacterium that is gram-positive, meaning that it will take a stain when applied. Under the microscope, this bacterium is known to look similar to grapelike clusters. MRSA is resistant to many antibiotics, making this pathogen dangerous. MRSA infections are most commonly found in hospitals. MRSA greatly increases...
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...MRSA decontamination using octenidine-based products Mindaugas Danilevicius, Audra Juzéniené, Indré Juzénaité-Karneckiené, Anželika Veršinina Key words: Decontamination ■ Hospitalised patients ■ Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ■ Octenidine Mindaugas Danilevicius, 2UAB ‘Apiterapija’, Vilnius, Lithuania, Audra Juzéniené, Indré Juzénaité-Karneckiené, Republican Vilnius University Hospital, Department of Infection Control, Vilnius, Lithuania Accepted for publication: July 2015 S36 I British Journal of Nursing, 2015 (Tissue Viability Supplement), Vol 24, No 15 © 2015 MA Healthcare Ltd Abstract Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are an increasing problem worldwide with a high risk of severe illness and mortality in hospitalised patients. Patients with chronic wounds are at particular risk of developing MRSA infections. As octenidinebased products have shown promising success in decontamination in the past, the aim of the present study was to determine its efficacy, safety, and tolerability in decontaminating hospitalised MRSApositive patients. Methods: From 1 April 2011 until 9 November 2012, 36 patients were screened MRSA-positive at the Republican Vilnius University Hospital, Vilnius, Lithuania. At least three swab tests were performed for each patient to screen for MRSA, one from each nostril and one from the perineum. In patients with wounds, an additional swab was taken from the wound surface...
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...common antibiotics. This bacterium produces biofilms and toxins which allows it to survive in a host’s body. This bacterium has increasingly new strains that have evolved genetically. With new genetic strains it because more resistant to many different antibiotics. Global pandemic: Of the Purple Cocci Bacteria are living organisms and just like any other living organism, it wants to live and survive, even when it’s trying to be killed. It is this survival instinct that has lead certain bacterial strains to evolve and grow, to become a global pandemic. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or MRSA is a group of bacteria leads to thousands of deaths every year. In order to understand MRSA, you first need to know about the bacteria’s original characteristics, and then you learn about this bacterium’s evolution over the years, and finally learn the current way in which MRSA is treated with antibiotics. S. aureus is a very common bacterium that lives on or in people; it usually lives on the skin, inside your nostrils, stomach and intestines. Many people are carrying it and are totally unaware that it is colonizing in or on them. Colonization is the establishment and growth of pathogens without causing signs or symptoms of it being there (Lilley, Collins, Harrington & Snyder, 2011, p. 584). S. aureus is normally harmless, however it does cause problems if it is able to enter the body and the body’s immune system is unable to kill it. 82% of patients in a study of bacteremia...
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...MRSA, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Cris Lambdin HCA240 Deborah A. Branham June 29, 2012 MRSA Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus or MRSA is a type of staph bacteria, a methicillin-resistant strain of the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. Meaning it is resistant to certain antibiotic medications such as methicillin, oxacillin, penicillin and amoxicillin, four of the more commonly used antibiotics. The Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, typically live in nasal passages and on the skin of healthy individuals, and enter the body through a cut, catheter or breathing tube during a stay in a hospital. Potentially life-threatening MRSA infections most often occur within health care settings (CDC, 2011). Septic shock (result of a severe infection) can occur as a result of the body’s inflammatory response to toxins released by the MRSA infection. The inflammatory response of MRSA can cause potentially fatal damage to organs such as the brain, heart, kidneys, liver and intestines. Septic shock symptoms can include; hands and feet appearing pale and feel cool to the touch, because of the body’s redirection of blood flow away from the extremities, and to the internal organs. This body’s inflammatory response, septic shock, can result in cardiac or respiratory failure or death (CDC, 2011). Mild cases of MRSA infections may start with and look like a red rash or small red bumps similar to pimples, boils, or a spider bite, there could be a yellow, pus filled head...
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...Community Acquired-MRSA (CA-MRSA). Your doctor has asked me to come speak with you about what antibiotic resistance is, the cause of MRSA, how we make your son better and what precautions that you can take with yourselves and your son. Antibiotic resistance is the ability of microbes to resist making antibiotics not effective. With the overuse of antibiotics, microbes have become “smart” in that they can change to make some antibiotics not effective. This has happened by using antibiotics when they are not needed, using the wrong antibiotic, the wrong dosing, or wrong duration so they don’t kill all the bacteria that are making a person sick. By leaving some of the bacteria behind the microbes are able to form a resistance to that specific antibiotic. Even if all the bacteria are killed which were causing the infection, some of the good bacteria that keep us healthy are killed also leaving behind the...
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...Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an infection that results from a type of staph bacteria that has become resistant to the different antibiotics that are used to treat common staph infections1. MRSA infections happen to people who are in a hospital setting or other health care facilities including nursing homes. The staph skin infections that include MRSA generally begin as swollen, sore red bumps that normally appear as pimples and spider bites. The area that is affected can appear to be warm to the touch with excessive pus and can be accompanied by a fever. These symptoms can rapidly become extremely painful boils that need surgical draining. There are times that the bacteria remains confined to the patients skin, but they can also burrow deep into the patient’s body, and this can cause life-threatening infections in bones, joints, heart valves, surgical wounds, lungs, and bloodstream. Staph bacteria are usually found on the skin and nose of approximately a third of the population, and the bacteria is generally harmless, except when they penetrate the body through either a cut or wound, but it should be noted that they lead to minor skin...
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...Communication Techniques in a Professional Setting Media Project October 27, 2012 Facts on Diversity MRSA infections can affect anyone of any age, race, culture, and socio-economic status. However there is a higher incidence in people in areas of poverty, mainly because of poor hygiene practices and people over 65 years of age. High risk venue can include gyms, correctional facilities, and anywhere conditions exist that include close skin to skin contact, people with poor hygiene, and overcrowded living conditions (CDC, 2010). Treatments The treatment for skin infections is drainage of wounds with purulent drainage as well as antimicrobial medications. Obtaining wound and blood cultures are recommended to ensure proper antimicrobial therapy. It is also very important to teach patients not to attempt to drain wounds themselves, and to return if the infection worsens without improvement over 48 hours after treatment is started. As a health care provider it is your responsibility to be familiar with MRSA. Educating the community as well as the patients you treat is the key to prevention. * Proper hand washing techniques. * Avoid contact with other people’s wounds such as skin to skin contact and towels. * Disinfect all exercise equipment before use. * Only prescribing necessary antimicrobials. * Teaching patients to wash clothes in warm or hot water as well as drying clothes in a dryer and not air drying because heat kill bacteria...
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...Answer the following questions in relation to the information provided in this case study: 1. Define MRSA? Why is it antibiotic resistant? Discuss the complications this organism may have on wound healing and other body systems. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that causes infections in many parts on the body. MRSA is tougher to treat, as it is resistant to most commonly used antibiotics. (Mayo Clinic, 2014) MRSA is normally contracted from person to person through direct contact with a person that has MRSA. This proves to be very complicated when a person with MRSA have a wound, they are often more challenging to treat due to the reduced number of antibiotics accessible to treat them. (Department of Health, 2014) An Antibiotic resistant bacterium is when bacteria is not able to be controlled or killed by antibiotics. This certain bacterium is able to survive through courses of antibiotics and even multiply in the process. 2. What special infection control considerations would you implement for Mr Jones? In your answer include the following – The infection...
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...Screening and Decolonization of MRSA in the Preoperative Patient Suzanne Miller Aspen University HUM410 Abstract Staphylococcus aureus is the most common organism responsible for surgical site infections. The colonization of Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been identified as a significant risk factor for patients undergoing orthopedic surgery, putting this patient at a higher risk of developing a surgical site infection. Screening preoperatively and treating colonization is a tool to aid in the prevention of surgical site infections in patients undergoing elective joint surgery. Results of various studies of patients undergoing elective joint replacement surgery have been reviewed. A nasal swab was obtained and cultured during preadmission testing. If the culture showed that the patient was positive for MRSA colonization they were treated with nasal mupirocin. They also were instructed to bathe with surgical wipes containing chlorhexidine prior to the procedure. The results of the research suggest that the use of a screening protocol prior to surgery can decrease the risk of MRSA in the postoperative patient. Table of Contents 1. Literature Review........................................................................................................................4 2. Discussion....................................................................................................................................7 3. Conclusion................
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...typically grows and divides to form microscopic grape like clusters. (Laberge, 2011) MRSA is a popular strain of Staphylococci. MRSA belongs to category of multidrug resistant organisms. These organisms are disease causing bacteria that are resistant to antibiotic drugs. MRSA infections are caused by Methicillin resistant S. aureus. Methicillin is...
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...methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium which lives on the skin of 30% of well people without causing infection. This is a type of bacterium that is resistant to various penicillin based formulas antibiotics. Since discovered in 1940, Staphylococcus aureus was known to be resistant to all penicillin antibiotics and so being more difficult to treat than other microbial infections(brunner. According to Wilson(2006) Staphylococci aureau is said to be liable for one third of surgical infections and an increase in hospital acquired blood stream infections. Mrsa is commonly found in health care settings and recently in the community. These are generally classified as a MRSA: health care-associated and community-associated infections. There is a concern that Mrsa will become entirely resistant to antibiotics and many infected patients have a...
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