...Multiculturalism is a public policy approach for managing cultural diversity in a multi ethnic society, officially stressing mutual respect and tolerance for cultural differences within a country's borders. As a policy, multiculturalism emphasizes the unique characteristics of different cultures, especially as they relate to one another in receiving nations. The word was first used in 1957 to describe Switzerland, but came into common currency in Canada in the late 1960s. It quickly spread to other English-speaking countries. Looking at the term broadly, it is often used to describe societies, especially nations which have many distinct cultural groups, usually as a result of immigration. Citrin,J., Sears,D., Muste,C and Wong,C. (2001 p.249) describe multiculturalism as “the presence of people of diverse racial or ethnic backgrounds within a single polity.” This paper will look at the impact that multiculturalism has had on western societies and the different changes that have occurred in societies as a result of multiculturalism. It is very important to think about what we mean by ‘culture’ because it is the main part of ‘multiculturalism’. So, multiculturalism means that there are many different kinds of cultures in one society. This can lead to anxiety about the stability of national identity, yet it can also lead to cultural exchanges that benefit the cultural groups. Such exchanges range from major accomplishments in literature, art and philosophy to relatively token...
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...Ethnic stereotypes and multiculturalism. Summary of course "Ethnic psychology" Contents: 1. The concept and properties of ethnic stereotypes ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 4 2. National prejudices. Types etnostereotipov ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .7 3. 4. Variants of the reactions to cultural diversity ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 12 5. Advantages and disadvantages of multiculturalism ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 16 Bibliographic list ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 20 Introduction. Considering the cultural differences in thinking, beliefs, attitudes and behavior, it is easy to succumb to cognitive and emotional reactions to the material to begin to make generalizations, to form negative stereotypes about other people and even pre-make judgments about these differences, and people who are inherent in this behavior before you really understand what lies at its core. These processes and reactions are common in today's world, and to describe them often use the terms ethnic stereotypes, prejudice, multiculturalism, discrimination. Unfortunately, these terms are often used without a clear idea about them, which only exacerbates the problems that they need to clarify. Some of today's most pressing social issues associated with these processes, as boundaries between countries and cultures are becoming more permeable as...
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...A canon is described as “’an authoritative list, as of the works of an author,’ and ‘a basis for judgement; standard; criterion’” (The Literary). In a publication by the National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE), it was found that the Western Canon is studied throughout public and independent schools across the nation. Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth are among the most-studied books of high-school students in the country, according to studies by the Department of Education. Not only are these books influential to American culture, they also strip other countries of the culture in their art and literature, because they have such a great influence on the world. Nigerian novelist, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie recently spoke in a TED-Talk of the dangers of a “single story.” She notes that even though she lived in Nigeria, she had never read a Nigerian novel until her childhood had past. Instead, she was influenced by “the kinds of stories [she] was reading: All [her] characters were white and blue-eyed, they played in the snow, they ate apples” (TEDglobal). Such Western influences have blurred original culture, especially in African states occupied by European countries, such as Nigeria. To think that a book written...
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...Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement in Ed 106 Social Dimensions in Education Submitted by: Mary Joy V. Lumbania Purpose of the Study The purpose of the study is to provide a clarification of the original meaning of multiculturalism as adopted in Austria. By means of a careful review of theoretically relevant literature and through different sociologist views about multiculturalism. This study seeks clarification about what will happen to Australian if they embrace multiculturalism. The purpose of this study is to know the main goal of multiculturalism in Australian. Apparatus and Procedure Results The clarification about the confusions of multiculturalism is not clear. The study is ended up in wide comparative analysis, comparing the outcomes in societies when Australian embraced the multiculturalism. After studying the possible outcomes of multiculturalism the Australian interpreted the multiculturalism as a form of ‘social contract’ between the majority and the diverse minorities. And the ‘social contract’ is about the majority accepts and protect minorities, affirms cultural differences and supports a degree of the majority. Law, justice system, parliamentary democracy and market economy is involves in the ‘social contract’. Conclusion This paper suggests that multicultural has good effect in Australian. Multiculturalism’s main goal is to respect the diversity in Australia. Australian multiculturalism has always been ‘reciprocal’ in the sense of promoting both rights...
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...1963. He wrote a detailed account of the Kennedy Administration, from the 1960 presidential campaign to the president's state funeral, titled A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House, which won the 1966 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography. In 1991, when the end of the Cold War released long repressed ethnic, racial, and religious antagonisms, Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. wrote a book that raised the discussion of multiculturalism in American society to a new level. Arthur Schlesinger Jr asks in his book: What does it mean to be an American? The classic image of the republic is that of the melting pot where differences of race, wealth, religion and nationality are submerged in democracy. But now there is a new orthodoxy: America as a collection of self-interest groups, celebrating difference and abandoning the idea of assimilation, it’s what we called multiculturalism. This challenging work soon became a popular bestseller and an integral part of college courses across the country. Problematic : Why Multiculturalism is a major problem for America according A. Schlesinger ? I - Emergence of Ethnocentrism In this book, Arthur Schlesinger ask what has become...
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...Australian Multiculturalism: Its Rise and Demise Brian Galligan and Winsome Roberts University of Melbourne Refereed paper presented to the Australasian Political Studies Association Conference University of Tasmania, Hobart 29 September – 1 October 2003 Brian Galligan, Winsome Roberts: Australian Multiculturalism Multiculturalism merits special attention because of its significance as a national policy of accommodating migrants from diverse cultural backgrounds. Multiculturalism is more significant because of the larger claims it made about the actual or preferred character of the Australian people and national culture. These embellishments were promoted by a relatively small coterie of elites, as Mark Lopez has painstakingly documented,1 and became standard formulations used in official accounts of Australian national identity and citizenship. While the sting has gone out of multiculturalism and the national debate has moved on to issues of citizenship and refugee policy, multicultural formulations still inform official documents. According to this view, Australia is now made up of people of diverse cultures that should be given equal status with the Australian mainstream. Australian citizenship is then invoked as the glue that binds these different groups into a national unity. The multicultural account of Australia as a nation of diverse cultural groups has been taken over by the Australian Citizenship Council in its prescriptions for Australian Citizenship for...
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...BUSINESS AND MEDIA SCHOOL ISSUE OF MULTICULTURALISM IN SOCIAL WORKS Master Thesis Master thesis Supervisor: Vilnius, 2015 CONTENTS LIST OF USED ABBREVIATIONS AND CONCEPTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES INTRODUCTION 1. HIGHLIGHTING LITERATURE ON THE PROBLEM OF MULTICULTURALISM IN SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE 1.1 ------------------------------------------------- Meaning and concept of social work and multiculturalism 1.2 ------------------------------------------------- Social work theories 1.3 ------------------------------------------------- Characteristics of social work 1.4 ------------------------------------------------- Social work in a multicultural society 1.5 ------------------------------------------------- Social change goals in multiculturalism 1.6 ------------------------------------------------- conclusion INTRODUCTION Multiculturalism is one of the biggest issues in Nigeria where the population is over 150 million with multi-faceted ethnic and cultural differences which pose major constraints on the socio-economic development of the nation. Wong (2006 cited in Udebunu, 2011) asserts that multiculturalism appreciates and recognizes, without ignoring or turning blind side to the presence of variety of cultural groups coexisting in a particular society. Rather than conjuring a common identity for widely dispersed groups, multiculturalism describes the coexistence of numerous...
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...The American Counseling Association (ACA) has officially approved the multicultural competencies and has put much more emphasis on these competencies. Unlike the ACA, the American Psychological Association (APA), however, has only established non-obligating instructional rules for multicultural competencies (Ridley & Kleiner, 2003). Nonetheless, a noteworthy period of progress came forth with the publication of the “Guidelines on Multicultural Education, Training, Research, Practice, and Organizational Change for Psychologists” (American Psychological Association [APA], 2003). Supporters of multiculturalism worked together to incorporate and combine multiculturalism into the field of psychology and specific for APA (Arredondo & Perez,...
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...Multiculturalism, 2011 Viewpoint Article 1 Article 2 Points of View: Multiculturalism, 2011 Point: Immigrants Must Assimilate into American Culture. Counterpoint: Multiculturalism Will Segregate Society Culturally and Economically. Citation Badertscher, E. (2011). Point: Immigrants Must Assimilate into American Culture. Points Of View: Multiculturalism, 2. Wilson, B. (2011). Counterpoint: Multiculturalism Will Segregate Society Culturally and Economically. Points Of View: Multiculturalism, 3. Main Idea People should certainly keep their own cultures and traditions, but must also assimilate to a degree, to keep the social fabric strong. Multiculturalism will only further exacerbate the cultural and economic divides that exist between immigrants and natives. Author’s Credentials/Affiliation Author: Badertscher, Eric/ United Press International, Co-Author: Stingl, A is a sociologist and science historian. His degrees include a MA and a PhD, both from FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany. He specializes in the history of biology, psychology, and social science in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; and sociological theory and the philosophy of justice. Author: Wilson, Brian /Great Neck Publishing, Co-Author: Finley, Laura / Dr. Finley is author or co-author of seven books and has two in progress. She has also authored numerous journal articles and book chapters on topics related to sociology, criminology and peace education. Author support for viewpoint ...
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...Effects of Intentions When the Multiculturalism Act was created, the intentions were positive, however, since the legislation was enacted in 1988, the effects have been positive and negative on individuals’ health and well-being. Identity The Multiculturalism Act has played a role in allowing individuals to retain their identities and practice cultural traditions and customs. This legislation has encouraged the celebration of many cultural and religious festivals and holidays across Canada that are essential to individuals’ identity (The Red and White, 2015). For example, the Sikh religious festival Vaisakhi is celebrated in many cities across Canada. It has been celebrated in Surrey for the past 17 years and individuals of all races and cultures attend and participate in the celebration (Surrey Vaisakhi Parade, 2015). These types of multicultural festivals and events can allow individuals to preserve their traditions and allow others to...
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...Millar-Idriss, C. 2011. Transnational higher education: Offshore campuses in the Middle East. Comparative Education, 47(2), 181-207. doi:10.1080/03050068.2011.553935 Miller-Idriss examines the extreme increase in the number of cross-border higher education institutions, specifically in the Middle East. She states that of the 100 such institutions at the time of her research, over one-third are located in this region. Her paper presents the reasons behind the expansion, including a look at cultural, political, and economical components that impact education, definitions of the types of institutions, statistical information about the locations of institutions and the cooperating foreign affiliate institutions, and suggestions for further...
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...communities and many techniques and strategies have been devised. One such method is multiculturalism. This ideology is a derivative of the contact hypothesis, a concept developed by psychologist Gordon Allport, which theorizes that under appropriate conditions interpersonal contact is one of the most effective ways to reduce prejudice between majority and minority group members. If one has the opportunity to communicate with others, they are able to understand and appreciate different points of views involving their way of life. As a result of new appreciation and understanding, prejudice should diminish. Consequently, some policy makers and sociologists have surmised that by implementing this practice and creating “multicultural” communities, the severity of racism and racial prejudices could lessen or even be eradicated. For the most part, however, it seems that multiculturalism will do little or nothing to alleviate prejudice and discrimination. So we are left with the question: “Is racism permanent?” Are sociologists and policy makers enforcing the right measures to combat racism through ‘multicultural education’ and multicultural communities? Henceforth, the main argument of this paper is that ‘Living in a multicultural environment does not nurture tolerance or enhance the acceptance of diverse members living in a community. Not everyone is willing to practice tolerance and multiculturalism only deals with limited aspects...
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...Is multiculturalism compatible with individual rights? Multiculturalism can be defined as a form of identity politics which aims to link personal and social life, seeing individuals as embedded in a particular cultural, social institution or ideological context, advocating equality, rights and cohesion between all different cultural groups. Therefore it is rooted in communitarianism, the idea that we are shaped and defined by the community we live in, and advocates minority group rights. Individual rights are a liberal idea which advances the interests of every individual person, rather than the rights of a group of people. Liberals hold a central belief in the rights of the individual, stemming from the belief that we are all rational, autonomous beings capable of making our own decisions in our own best interests, protecting our own individual freedom. Multiculturalism on the other hand does not specifically extend the rights of the individual, instead, advancing the rights of minority groups as a whole, embedded in the idea of group and social identity. Therefore, Liberals have accused multiculturalists of being ‘just another form of collectivism’ not respecting the rights of individuals. For example, Amartya Sen attacked ‘solitaristic’ theory which underpins multiculturalism. This suggests human identities are formed by membership of a single social group, which can lead to miniaturisation of humanity and increases violence as people identify with only their own monoculture...
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...Issues in Multicultural Education: Funding for Cultural Enrichment Activities In America today we have a public school system that has many cultures involved. This can be a very beneficial thing for students but can also be a hindrance to those that are culturally diverse. One thing that can assist in breaking down these potential barriers would be cultural enrichment activities within the schools. Due to a lack of communal education, funding for cultural enrichment activities is little so that students are often deprived of the opportunity to truly experience multiculturalism. Cultural enrichment activities can consist of things like music, dance, food and language. This can happen through clubs, foreign language classes, music classes or events such as field trips or festivals that are centralized on embracing multiculturalism. In order to increase funding for multicultural activities within the schools, certain steps need to be made. First and foremost some causes to this dilemma need to be addressed. The community, especially one in disagreement between embracing a multicultural education (and not), has a large impact in what funds are provided and what they are put towards. Also, the ignorance of the community attributes to the lack of funding for something that is not entirely understood. If parents, teachers and local businesses understood not only the benefit but the need for cultural enrichment within the schools then more attention would be put towards making that...
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...still reported discrimination: 35% Chinese immigrants, 28% South Asians, 44% African Canadians, 19% white immigrants created a conflict with Quebec Quebec suggested a bill that would excuse Quebec from the Multiculturalism Act in May 2008 52% of people believe that Canada should learn from other countries on how they deal with cultural diversity many Canadians still don’t know what the idea of ”multiculturalism” is, can be described as a “project in the works” because its direction was never properly made clear of 21% of Canadians are born outside the country 93.5% of Canadians speak at least one of Canada’s official languages along with their native language schools recognizing significant Canadian events in history regarding different ethnicities (Black History Month) Canada is the leader among multicultural understanding Canada is the world’s most successful multicultural society Canadians began to define themselves as citizens of a multicultural society Canadians who speak a lot of languages and understand a lot cultures makes it easier for Canada to take part globally in areas of education and trade networking is made possible by a multicultural society that has people who speak more than one...
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