...“Discuss how Castles Multiculturalism” The emergence of multiculturalism as prominent term in Western discourse concerning ethnic diversity, conflict and management coincides with increasing awareness in the Western industrial societies, especially over the last two decades, that ethnic groups had not lost their saliency in the lives of large numbers of people. Their earlier perceptions about such a loss of saliency coincides with the 19th century emergence of modern-industrial states, where social theorists such as Durkheim, Weber and Marx, theorised that status based social differentiation was replaced by the social class as the driving force in society. Ethnicity and racial differences were viewed as surviving anachronisms, dating from pre-modern, traditional societies. This analysis was shared by social commentators and policy-makers who operated with an often implicit view that assimilation of minority groups had either occurred, or was in progress. The trend towards global cultural homogenisation, typified by the metaphor of the "global village ", presaged a quickening of this type of development. Even in those industrial nations such as Australia, Canada or the USA which continued to receive large numbers of immigrants, assimilation was viewed as the inevitable process. By the 1960s, the ethnic rights movement and unrest in a number of the Western industrial countries led to increased questioning of assumptions that ethnic differences were of declining significance...
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...Ethnic stereotypes and multiculturalism. Summary of course "Ethnic psychology" Contents: 1. The concept and properties of ethnic stereotypes ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 4 2. National prejudices. Types etnostereotipov ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .7 3. 4. Variants of the reactions to cultural diversity ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 12 5. Advantages and disadvantages of multiculturalism ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 16 Bibliographic list ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 20 Introduction. Considering the cultural differences in thinking, beliefs, attitudes and behavior, it is easy to succumb to cognitive and emotional reactions to the material to begin to make generalizations, to form negative stereotypes about other people and even pre-make judgments about these differences, and people who are inherent in this behavior before you really understand what lies at its core. These processes and reactions are common in today's world, and to describe them often use the terms ethnic stereotypes, prejudice, multiculturalism, discrimination. Unfortunately, these terms are often used without a clear idea about them, which only exacerbates the problems that they need to clarify. Some of today's most pressing social issues associated with these processes, as boundaries between countries and cultures are becoming more permeable as...
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...Australian Multiculturalism: Its Rise and Demise Brian Galligan and Winsome Roberts University of Melbourne Refereed paper presented to the Australasian Political Studies Association Conference University of Tasmania, Hobart 29 September – 1 October 2003 Brian Galligan, Winsome Roberts: Australian Multiculturalism Multiculturalism merits special attention because of its significance as a national policy of accommodating migrants from diverse cultural backgrounds. Multiculturalism is more significant because of the larger claims it made about the actual or preferred character of the Australian people and national culture. These embellishments were promoted by a relatively small coterie of elites, as Mark Lopez has painstakingly documented,1 and became standard formulations used in official accounts of Australian national identity and citizenship. While the sting has gone out of multiculturalism and the national debate has moved on to issues of citizenship and refugee policy, multicultural formulations still inform official documents. According to this view, Australia is now made up of people of diverse cultures that should be given equal status with the Australian mainstream. Australian citizenship is then invoked as the glue that binds these different groups into a national unity. The multicultural account of Australia as a nation of diverse cultural groups has been taken over by the Australian Citizenship Council in its prescriptions for Australian Citizenship for...
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...Multiculturalism is the respect of cultural diversity in society. It is the idea that all men and women are equal in the United States. The question is; is the United States a multiculturalism country? United States as a whole, no I don’t think we are a multiculturalism country. Yes, we have Christmas (christen), Hanukkah (Jewish), and so many more; which are a diversity of celebrations we have here in the U.S. The reasons I say no is because I feel like the U.S. is more of a co-existence rather than a multiculturalism. We live with the differences of people but every day we judge people and what they do or believe in, we tear people down. We expect people to be like us to conform into our ways of living. So no as a whole or individuals we do not respect cultural diversity. The reasons multiculturalism is such a controversial issues for some people is because for one people are set in their ways and for tow the U.S. expects people to be like us. For example clothed rather than bare like Indians or not to clothed like Muslims. Yes we have people like that in the U.S. but how many of us stare at them and judge their cultural believes or try to convert them to something else. “In order to be supportive of anyone or anything, we need to have an idea or an interpretation of what we are supporting. It’s so important to have the right information before going to action on any side of an issue. Especially issues of race and equality. Two subjects that have stained this country since...
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...Multiculturalism is a public policy approach for managing cultural diversity in a multi ethnic society, officially stressing mutual respect and tolerance for cultural differences within a country's borders. As a policy, multiculturalism emphasizes the unique characteristics of different cultures, especially as they relate to one another in receiving nations. The word was first used in 1957 to describe Switzerland, but came into common currency in Canada in the late 1960s. It quickly spread to other English-speaking countries. Looking at the term broadly, it is often used to describe societies, especially nations which have many distinct cultural groups, usually as a result of immigration. Citrin,J., Sears,D., Muste,C and Wong,C. (2001 p.249) describe multiculturalism as “the presence of people of diverse racial or ethnic backgrounds within a single polity.” This paper will look at the impact that multiculturalism has had on western societies and the different changes that have occurred in societies as a result of multiculturalism. It is very important to think about what we mean by ‘culture’ because it is the main part of ‘multiculturalism’. So, multiculturalism means that there are many different kinds of cultures in one society. This can lead to anxiety about the stability of national identity, yet it can also lead to cultural exchanges that benefit the cultural groups. Such exchanges range from major accomplishments in literature, art and philosophy to relatively token...
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...more than 31 foreign languages. (Population Structure 2014, Statistics Finland). This change in population has required various personnel, such as nurses, social workers, and counselors, to obtain suitable qualifications in order to be able to assist this diverse population. These qualifications are especially...
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...To what extent are there tensions between multiculturalism and liberalism? It initially appears that multiculturalism and liberalism are highly similar ideologies, championing the rights of minorities. Multiculturalism itself was inspired by liberalism due to such ideas. In addition to this, similarities exist in the multiculturalist and liberal support of principles such as equality, justice and pluralism. However, tensions between the ideologies exist, including the tension between the classical liberal promotion of the rights of the individual and the multiculturalist rights of a culture or ethnic group and the argument over essentialism and the nature of multiculturalism. Despite both multiculturalism and liberalism promoting the rights of minority groups and pluralist societies, tensions lie over the focus of this promotion. Classical liberals such as John Stuart Mill stress the importance of the individual, promoting the rights of the rights and sovereignty of all individuals, and therefore of ethnic minorities; “over himself, over his own body and mind, the individual is sovereign”. On the other hand, multiculturalists promote the rights of cultures and ethnic groups, assuming that minorities adopt the will of their cultural community over individual self-centredness. Liberals argue that this threatens genuine liberty as cultures can continue to oppress individuals, evidenced in the issues such as forced marriages and the wearing of the burka. As Tariq Modood argues...
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...MANAGING MULTICULTURALISM MANAGING MULTICULTURALISM Danet Johnson Cultural Diversity in Professions Managing Multiculturalism In today’s society it is virtually impossible to avoid an encounter with someone or something that is different. As communities grow they become populated with individuals who are from various cultural, ethnic, and even financial backgrounds. These differences are in actuality the very definition of diversity. Diversity, as defined my Merriam-Webster, is “the condition of having or being composed of differing elements: variety; especially: the inclusion of different types of people (as people of different races or cultures) in a group or organization.” Continued exposure helps us to adapt ideally allowing for a mutual respect towards one another. Such is multiculturalism, the ability to connect with and respect those differences. According to Allard ( 2011) “The primary dimensions of diversity are considered to be those social group memberships that are fixed and usually very central to one’s self-identity like race, ethnicity, age, gender, mental and physical abilities, and sexual orientation” (p.60). In other words, all groups generally start with people who are similar in some way. As humans, we tend to gravitate towards those we think are “like us” as a form of comfort or protection even. This inherent act may very well be the basis for ethnocentrism. It is not until one decides to interact outside of their own group that they will...
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...What is diaspora? - To scatter - Bringing together old ideas – about diaspora - with new notions of ‘transnationalism’, ‘hybridity’ and ‘integration’ - And language. - What are the ‘traditional types’ of diaspora – victim, labour and imperial, trade and business, deterritorialised diasporas - what other (newer) forms are there? Economic, political (EU border issues). More modern notions that might not ‘fit’ traditional ideas of ‘diaspora’. Even the word seems rather outdated now? - Diaspora/transnational communities – relationships in the ‘hostland’, relationships with the ‘homeland’ – transnationalism and integration in the homeland TYPES Victim Labour Imperial Trade Deterritorialised New ideas Characteristics of diaspora: key features they have in common - Dispersal: - Or – Expansion - Memory of homeland – idealisation of home. - Idealisation of the ancestral homeland – - Development of a return movement to the homeland – transnationalism. - A strong ethnic group consciousness – based on distinctiveness, common history, common cultural and religious heritage - ‘troubled’ relationship with host societies – integration – suggesting a lack of acceptance: Mazzucato research below. - empathy with co-ethnic members in other countries of settlement. Aided by electronic communication, Skype, email, facebook, cheap phone calls, cheap flights. - possibility of a distinctive...
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...Legislation: The Multiculturalism Act While some individuals may view health as related solely to medical diseases and conditions, in actuality health encompasses an array of dimensions, such as physical, spiritual, and mental. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) (2015a), an individual’s health can be shaped by his or her social and economic environment, physical environment, and characteristics and behaviours. These factors can be influenced by external forces, such as government legislation and regulations. A piece of Canadian legislation that can indirectly influence an individual’s health and well-being is the Multiculturalism Act. This legislation promotes and protects diversity and allows individuals to practice their diverse cultural traditions (Canadian Multiculturalism Act, 1988). Along with identity, which can play an essential role in health and wellbeing, this legislation can affect certain social determinants of health, such as employment. This paper will provide an overview of the Canadian Multiculturalism Act, including its origin and intentions in regard to health, and include a discussion around the legislation’s ability to fulfil its intentions. The Multiculturalism Act...
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...Racial issues of Canada After World War II the idea of multiculturalism is changed, the demographics, ideology and persistent lobbying has done a significance increase in racism. A new revolutionary perspective against Nazism, anthropology and dissolution of European empires had transformed the ides and concept of race which fundamentally changes the shape of Canadian diversity and pluralism. Many people believed that new changes seems to be reinvent white domination, individualist and liberal are more likely to be concerned in this process. According to them the concept of racism on the basis of color was categorically denied, they think that color has nothing to do with it. This will diminish the actual significance the attribute of visible minorities. Theses minorities were encouraged towards the acceptance of the beliefs and values of the leading majority. Civil rights started a movement In Canada to disappear the factor of race, as it is creating a affecting the positions of the citizens. It minimized the importance of sub groups and social relation was left unmediated, this movement leads prompt the efforts towards the norms and values of the bigger society in the explicit and clearest ways. In Canada, many steps have been taken since twenty five years to remedy the racism. The majority in Canada first extent the Asian franchise, this reduces the racial barrier to immigration and leads to the proposal of aboriginal people assimilation in 1969. This action showed that...
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...In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement in Ed 106 Social Dimensions in Education Submitted by: Mary Joy V. Lumbania Purpose of the Study The purpose of the study is to provide a clarification of the original meaning of multiculturalism as adopted in Austria. By means of a careful review of theoretically relevant literature and through different sociologist views about multiculturalism. This study seeks clarification about what will happen to Australian if they embrace multiculturalism. The purpose of this study is to know the main goal of multiculturalism in Australian. Apparatus and Procedure Results The clarification about the confusions of multiculturalism is not clear. The study is ended up in wide comparative analysis, comparing the outcomes in societies when Australian embraced the multiculturalism. After studying the possible outcomes of multiculturalism the Australian interpreted the multiculturalism as a form of ‘social contract’ between the majority and the diverse minorities. And the ‘social contract’ is about the majority accepts and protect minorities, affirms cultural differences and supports a degree of the majority. Law, justice system, parliamentary democracy and market economy is involves in the ‘social contract’. Conclusion This paper suggests that multicultural has good effect in Australian. Multiculturalism’s main goal is to respect the diversity in Australia. Australian multiculturalism has always been ‘reciprocal’ in the sense of promoting...
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... Multicultural organization development (MCOD) is a process of change that supports an organization moving from a monocultural – or exclusive – organization to a multicultural – or inclusive, diverse and equitable – organization. The approach requires an initial assessment of where the organization is and a commitment to a vision of where it wants to be in the future. From an analysis of the gap between where the organization is and where it wants to be, specific interventions are then designed to accomplish the identified change goals. The MCOD model, based on earlier work by Jackson and Holvino, provides a useful way for an organization to: 1. frame an initial assessment of where it is on the path to multiculturalism, 2. decide on a vision of multiculturalism it wants, and 3. select appropriate goals and interventions to support its desired vision. THE MULTICULTURAL ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT MODEL MONOCULTURAL Exclusionary Committed to the dominance, values and norms of one group. Actively excludes in its mission and practices those who are not members of the dominant group. Passive Club Actively or passively excludes those who are not members of the dominant group. Includes other members only if they “fit” the dominant norm. Values and promotes the dominant perspective of one group, culture or style. TRANSITIONAL MULTICULTURAL Compliance Positive Action Redefining Passively committed to including others without ...
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...that Britain seeks to allow white men to thrive in areas multiculturalism and women do not get the chance to (par 6-7). Women and minorities alike are subjected to unfair treatment in print media despite their experience in relation to a white man. Such instances could involve white men ranking higher than women and minorities in the same field, even if they have equal experience in comparison to a white man. Inequality should not be present in a work force meant to be impartial and uniting; however, such is not the case in British media where whites appear to be more important than minorities. Additionally, multicultural teens do not have positive role models to look up to. Since the 1960s, youths in Britain have been in search of an identity, and with the media...
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...Is multiculturalism compatible with individual rights? Multiculturalism can be defined as a form of identity politics which aims to link personal and social life, seeing individuals as embedded in a particular cultural, social institution or ideological context, advocating equality, rights and cohesion between all different cultural groups. Therefore it is rooted in communitarianism, the idea that we are shaped and defined by the community we live in, and advocates minority group rights. Individual rights are a liberal idea which advances the interests of every individual person, rather than the rights of a group of people. Liberals hold a central belief in the rights of the individual, stemming from the belief that we are all rational, autonomous beings capable of making our own decisions in our own best interests, protecting our own individual freedom. Multiculturalism on the other hand does not specifically extend the rights of the individual, instead, advancing the rights of minority groups as a whole, embedded in the idea of group and social identity. Therefore, Liberals have accused multiculturalists of being ‘just another form of collectivism’ not respecting the rights of individuals. For example, Amartya Sen attacked ‘solitaristic’ theory which underpins multiculturalism. This suggests human identities are formed by membership of a single social group, which can lead to miniaturisation of humanity and increases violence as people identify with only their own monoculture...
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