...not just about nationalities, it is also about cultures. Cultures influence negotiation styles, values and communications. Image a situation where a Japanese supermarket manager negotiating with an American salmon supplier with their own negotiation styles: the Japanese negotiator want to extent the length of negotiation in order to seek the best result of the deal, but the American negotiator treats time as money and he/she wants to quickly reach the agreement (Evans & Richardson, 2010). This essay will firstly discuss the definitions of culture and negotiation, and then it will discuss cultural influence on negotiation and its behaviour; finally it will suggest possible strategies in addressing difficulties caused by cultural differences. This essay will argue that cultural impacts increase the difficulties of cross-culture negotiation, but negotiators can successfully manage the difficulties by increasing their knowledge of different cultures and continuously practise relevant strategies. Culture Culture is a term that can be explained in many different ways. According to Alon and Brett (2007), culture is a process of socialisation that people learn a shared pattern of behaviour and affective understandings. These patterns distinguish one group of people from another. Carrell, Shank and Barbero (2009) also state that culture is not physical elements but the perceptions that members consider them. People from the same culture usually perceive the tangible and intangible...
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...Western Plaza Inc. Bringing Western Culture to South Korea via Nursing Home, Plastic Surgery, Clothing and Makeup Jacob Schwarz Executive Summary My reason for writing this study is to determine the feasibility of building a nursing/retirement home, a plastic surgery outpatient center, and a cosmetic and clothing store in Seoul, South Korea. In my opinion, South Korea is welcoming to this venture; this can be seen in the upcoming research. In this report, I explore the geography of Seoul, South Korea. I learn of the growing, large, population and the population density of 45,000 people per square mile (“Population Statistics,” 2013). Next, I review the demographics and find out that minority groups consist of 2.2% of the population (Population Statistics, 2013). While reviewing the demographics I found that the education system is extremely strict; though it is more lenient now, it is still success driven (Chakrabarti, 2013). I also found that religion is not going to be an issue with this venture, in my opinion. There are two major religions; the major Christian religion will be implemented in the venture (Koo, n.d.). Education and demographics are important to a global business venture, though I believe the economy is most important. I present information about South Korea’s economy, and how it has transformed from an aid recipient to a donor country (Globalization, n.d.). Here is where I mention the chaebol’s success, which accounted for 55.7% of South Koreas GDP in...
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...Police Leadership Randy L. Conyers University of Central Florida Leadership Theories and Change 2 Abstract Throughout the history of law enforcement, leaders have used many different styles to lead employees. From the early styles of Autocratic and Laissez-Faire to Participative (democratic), Transactional and Transformational leadership. Leadership within policing has evolved over the years in some organizations to a more participative style and yet there are still leaders who cling to an antiquated domineering style. The purpose of this paper identified trait theories, leadership theories and change strategies that have molded or are molding the policing culture. Change must occur if the culture of police organizations are going to meet the demands of the 21st century and several issues affecting this change were discussed. An in-depth review of the transactional and transformational styles of leadership was seen as being the styles that a leader in the 21st century would want to use to meet the needs of their employees and motivate them toward success and self-actualization. Although no empirical research is completed in this paper, the literature reviewed and previous research indicate that the transformational style of leadership augments the transactional style, but not vise versa. It also emphasizes that leaders need to become more transformational toward employees and allow them to participate in the...
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...NORTHCENTRAL UNIVERSITY ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET Learner: Jeffrey D. Simmons THIS FORM MUST BE COMPLETELY FILLED IN Please Follow These Procedures: If requested by your mentor, use an assignment cover sheet as the first page of the word processor file. The assignment header should include the Learner’s last name, first initial, course code, dash, and assignment number (DoeJXXX0000-1) justified to the left and the page number justified to the right. Keep a Photocopy or Electronic Copy of Your Assignments: You may need to re-submit assignments if your mentor has indicated that you may or must do so. Academic Integrity: All work submitted in each course must be the Learner’s own. This includes all assignments, exams, term papers, and other projects required by the faculty mentor. The known submission of another person’s work represented as that of the Learner’s without properly citing the source of the work will be considered plagiarism and will result in an unsatisfactory grade for the work submitted or for the entire course, and may result in academic dismissal. | | MGT7019-8 | Dr. Chad McAllister | | | Foundations for Doctoral Study in Business | SIMMONSMGT7019-8-ASSGN#1 | | | All work submitted is original and my own intellectual property. I am open to guidance and instruction that enable me to achieve my educational goal of excellence. ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ...
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...Two Cultures: Bridging the Gap with Etic and Emic Viewpoint Culture is defined as a learned system of beliefs, feelings, and rules for living through which they organize their lives. Culture is a way of life that is passed from one generation to the next, and societies within the culture are guided by their learned system of beliefs, feelings, and rules for living. Within the customs of their culture, people within society are taught that they share some common understandings with one another. Being taught the customs, members of society are expected to follow the traditional customs of the group. Cultural relativism recognizes that different cultures have distinct social trajectories, or chosen paths (Carpo, 2013). In understanding a specific custom within a culture, it is important to view the culture from an outside perspective (etic). This is exactly what I will demonstrate within the first section of this paper while expanding and discovering another culture from an inside perspective (emic) which shows how even though customs are different within various cultures a different viewpoint can illuminate the entire picture and bridge the gap between both cultures – the Aboriginals and African Americans. Part I – Religion and the African American Culture among Other Things Religion and the Black Church in African American society, in regards to the socio-cultural, economic and political issues of the 20th century, has branched the African American experience of mere individual...
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...Cultural dimensions are tools used to identify the way a culture communicates and how that culture differentiates from others (Neuliep, 2015). These dimensions are: individualism-collectivism, high-low context, value orientations, power distance and uncertainty avoidance (Neuliep, 2015). Each dimension allows us to evaluate which aspects of culture influences communication. For example, we can see how a culture regards superiors and subordinates, and whether or not that changes the style of communication. These dimensions are especially important when doing business. Junior, Meyer and Murphy (2006) suggest that many organizations have lost their resources because they did business with other companies without understanding the local culture. If these companies had used the 5 dimensions, they would have been able to work more aptly on an international level by identifying the values of the culture they are working with, and adjusting their own style of communication to better suit the other culture. If one were to do business in Canada, there are some very important things that would need to be known in order to be successful. The Canadian backpack metaphor tells us that Canadians are sturdy, frugal and proud of their country. It also highlights that Canada is a small power distance, low-context, individualistic culture. What stood out most is that they impress upon their people that “no one person is inherently any better than others” (Gannon, 220). This would be especially...
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...Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing, Vol. 14 (1) 81–95 (2004) © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/hfm.10053 Improving Performance and Quality of Working Life: A Model for Organizational Health Assessment in Emerging Enterprises Christin Shoaf Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, U.S.A. Ash Genaidy Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, U.S.A. Waldemar Karwowski* Center for Industrial Ergonomics, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, U.S.A. Samuel H. Huang Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, U.S.A. ABSTRACT The organization of work has been addressed through numerous perspectives by a diverse set of disciplines. While job stress research has focused on the promotion of worker well-being, contemporary business-improvement initiatives (e.g., lean manufacturing, six sigma) have sought to optimize effectiveness through work processes. However, these two aims, although traditionally viewed as contradictory, are actually interdependent variables in the determination of long-term profitability. The concept of organizational health blends the pursuit of individual wellness with organizational effectiveness to yield a strategy for economic resilience. This article...
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...“Culturally competent care includes knowledge, attitudes, and skills that support caring for people across different languages and cultures. Culture influences not only health practices but also how the healthcare provider and the patient perceive illness” (Murphy, 2011, para. 1). Murphy continues to state in her article regarding cultural competence, “becoming a culturally competent nurse… Acquire a knowledge base of cultures in your service area, especially in relation to healthcare practices and beliefs…Avoid making stereotypical assumptions about your patients' culture; become aware of your own biases and prejudices…Learn new communication skills to simplify language for any patient, regardless of primary language” (Murphy, 2011, para. 5). Providing culturally competent nursing care along with that of culturally sensitive care is essential to obtaining the most successful results possible. In order to deliver the most effective and proactive care, providers must be willing and able to understand the basis of what their patients values are, what their religious beliefs stem from, and what their perception of the medical world is along with how they view potential treatment and/or prognosis, if any (Campinha-Bacote, 2011). Three individuals were interviewed, all from different backgrounds. This project was performed to more clearly demonstrate the differences between those in which the medical world come into contact with on a regular basis. Robert Herrera is native to...
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...Nature and Scope of Marketing Ethics O.C. Ferrell, Ph.D. Professor of Marketing Creative Enterprise Scholar The Robert O. Anderson School And Graduate School of Management MSC05 3090 1 University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 Phone: (505) 277-3468 ocferrell@mgt.unm.edu Nature and Scope of Marketing Ethics INTRODUCTION Marketing ethics is viewed as important because of marketing’s interface with many diverse stakeholders. Marketing is a key functional area in the business organization that provides a visible interface with not only customers, but other stakeholders such as the media, investors, regulatory agencies, channel members, trade associations, as well as others. It is important when addressing marketing ethics to recognize that it should be examined from an individual, organizational, and societal perspective. Examining marketing ethics from a narrow issue perspective does not provide foundational background that provides a complete understanding of the domain of marketing ethics. The purpose of this chapter is to define, examine the nature and scope, identify issues, provide a decision-making framework, and trace the historical development of marketing ethics from a practice and academic perspective. DEFINITION OF MARKETING ETHICS Ethics has been termed the study and philosophy of human conduct, with an emphasis on the determination of right and wrong. For marketers, ethics...
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...Nature and Scope of Marketing Ethics O.C. Ferrell, Ph.D. Professor of Marketing Creative Enterprise Scholar The Robert O. Anderson School And Graduate School of Management MSC05 3090 1 University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 Phone: (505) 277-3468 ocferrell@mgt.unm.edu Nature and Scope of Marketing Ethics INTRODUCTION Marketing ethics is viewed as important because of marketing’s interface with many diverse stakeholders. Marketing is a key functional area in the business organization that provides a visible interface with not only customers, but other stakeholders such as the media, investors, regulatory agencies, channel members, trade associations, as well as others. It is important when addressing marketing ethics to recognize that it should be examined from an individual, organizational, and societal perspective. Examining marketing ethics from a narrow issue perspective does not provide foundational background that provides a complete understanding of the domain of marketing ethics. The purpose of this chapter is to define, examine the nature and scope, identify issues, provide a decision-making framework, and trace the historical development of marketing ethics from a practice and academic perspective. DEFINITION OF MARKETING ETHICS Ethics has been termed the study and philosophy of human conduct, with an emphasis on the determination of right and wrong. For marketers, ethics...
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...Nature and Scope of Marketing Ethics O.C. Ferrell, Ph.D. Professor of Marketing Creative Enterprise Scholar The Robert O. Anderson School And Graduate School of Management MSC05 3090 1 University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 Phone: (505) 277-3468 ocferrell@mgt.unm.edu Nature and Scope of Marketing Ethics INTRODUCTION Marketing ethics is viewed as important because of marketing’s interface with many diverse stakeholders. Marketing is a key functional area in the business organization that provides a visible interface with not only customers, but other stakeholders such as the media, investors, regulatory agencies, channel members, trade associations, as well as others. It is important when addressing marketing ethics to recognize that it should be examined from an individual, organizational, and societal perspective. Examining marketing ethics from a narrow issue perspective does not provide foundational background that provides a complete understanding of the domain of marketing ethics. The purpose of this chapter is to define, examine the nature and scope, identify issues, provide a decision-making framework, and trace the historical development of marketing ethics from a practice and academic perspective. DEFINITION OF MARKETING ETHICS Ethics has been termed the study and philosophy of human conduct, with an emphasis on the determination of right and wrong. For marketers, ethics...
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...Making Decisions with the Japanese Ringi Technique Abstract Commitment to and support for decisions made in American companies are often nonexistent. This is due to the high amount of conflict which prohibits consensus decision making. In contrast Japanese companies have developed a system known as ringiseido which allows consensus to be reached while avoiding conflict. This paper explains the differences in the cultures of America and Japan and how these differences have affected the way decisions are made. Making Decisions with the Japanese Ringi Technique Imagine living in a culture where your peers are considered part of your group and you strive to benefit the group as a whole and conflict is avoided as it would disrupt the harmony of your group. For many Americans this may sound impossible. For instance, how would anything be accomplished, how would decisions be made, and most of all how would this benefit us individually? There are several cultures that do strive to avoid conflict. In this paper I will discuss Japan’s treatment of conflict and decision making through its use of a technique known as ringiseido. As many of us know, Americans are not afraid of conflict, some of us may be uncomfortable with it but in general we feel that it is unavoidable. In fact, “conflict is seen as inevitable, and the ideal way to view conflict is as an opportunity to promote communication, stimulate ideas, increase understanding, and to bring about positive and creative...
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...Liu ASIAN 231 Research Paper The life of a Chinese American Growing up in a country where you are a minority amongst many other minorities can be difficult. This can cause many mental illnesses to the families and the individual itself. The United States is a country with many minority groups, one of which includes Chinese Americans. I know myself that it’s hard living in a place where there is racism and stereotypes about Chinese people, since I have been through this. The Chinese community is one of the fastest growing communities in the United States. The Chinese first came to the United States in the middle of the nineteenth century. The reason why they left their home country was due to high taxes, peasant rebellions, family feuds, and poverty. The reason they came to the United States during that time was because of the California Gold Rush and a better economic opportunities. But because there were so many Chinese coming, the people of the United States developed xenophobia (a fear of people from other countries). So 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act was put upon. But many years later, Chinese Americans were able to slowly to come back into the United States. Living in a different country can be very difficult. Especially if you are a parent trying to raise your children. This can cause a lot of stress because they have to work really hard in order to provide for their family. In “Chinese American Parents’ Acculturation and Enculturation, Bicultural Management...
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...the current impact of these programs is limited because of insufficient coordination with other components of school operations and inattention to implementation and evaluation factors necessary for strong program impact and sustainability. Widespread implementation of beneficial prevention programming requires further development, professional development that prepares and supports educators to implement programs effectively, and systematic monitoring and evaluation to guide school improvement. Cultural influences impact behaviors of students and may contribute to failure in schools for minority students. According to Gault and Murphy (1987), many American schools claim to practice c ultural pluralism, but in reality all students are expected to fit into the white middle class culture. Students with different cultural backgrounds, values, and skills than those generally valued by American schools may be perceived as incapable of performing according to the school's standards.In addition to the assumptions described above, some commonly accepted myths about minority children become barriers to their access to quality education. Much research in recent years has focused on identifying the key factors that promote academic success among students whose demographic characteristics and school circumstances place them at high risk of failure. In large part, this research has addressed the...
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...Irish Americans: Cultural Implications In Psychotherapy Treatment Elizabeth Mathews Loma Linda University Table of Content Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……… 3 Background………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………. 3 Culture.………………..………………………………………………………………………………...…………….3 Historical………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….. 4 Characteristics.………………………………………………………………………………......…………………………. 4 Language. ………………………………………………………………...………………………………………….4 Oppression………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….5 Alcohol…………...…………………………………………………………………………………………..……….5 Depression and Suicide…………………………………………………………………………………………...………6 Northern Ireland………………………………………………………………………………………..……….. 6 Depression and Cultural Impact………………………………………………………………….……….. 7 Suicide and Cultural Change…………………………………………………………………………………8 Family Structure….………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10 Women/Mothers ……………………………………………………………………………………………….11 Men/Fathers….…………………………………………………………………………………………………..11 Children………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………12 In Therapy……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………12 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………13 References……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………15 There are assumptions and stereotypes surrounding every cultural group in the world; some are true and some are far from accurate. These assumptions and stereotypes provide a lens through which one experiences people they come...
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