Free Essay

Muscles

In:

Submitted By harry999
Words 18651
Pages 75
`WHAT MAKES A GREAT SPORT LEADER? Page 1
GENUINE EFFECTIVE SPORT LEADERS OR JUST LAZY, INEXPERIENCE SCUMS!
The good Sports leaders must have four essential Qualities in order to be effective in what they do, if a Sport Leader does not have these skills, this automatically means they are FAKE shams of an effective sports leader. Having only some of these skill qualities result in ineffective Sport Leaders, who are too lazy to acknowledge these advance skills to succeed. Sports leaders who don’t have these skills should not have honour to have LEADER in their profession. The First quality that is vital in being effective in sports leadership is the Knowledge of Sports Skills, so in this case meaning the Sports Leader must have a good knowledge of the participant’s skill development, technical ability and technical demands in order to carry out the session correctly and successful. This will thus help the sports leader make a decision on what specific, simple skill is require to help the participant succeed in the activity and enjoy it at the same time. This will then make the sessions fun and not too difficult.
Moreover, these factors are very important to know. For example, one of my close friends was a former sports leader, and I came along to one of his session to watch him performs in his sports leadership sessions; he did a football session with the kids. I watched the session and he turned a difficult football session into a fun one for the children, as one of the first issue was that group of amateur footballers didn’t have the right technique to fully volley a football on target towards the goal, this is considering that the goal was a few metres away from them, so that the kids didn’t find it to challenging. Since some of the kids didn’t know how to kick the ball properly. They struggled to perform to a good standard and this will result in the participant becoming feeling stresses and frustrated at themselves, therefore resulting in an unenjoyably, difficult session. But luckily, my friend employed a simple skill development session for some of the less technical kids in the activities, where there’s three people, one will throw the football to the Partners foot, so that he/she can volley the ball into the hoop (the third person will hold the hoop in the air), using their lace of the shoe to fully volley the ball into the hoop. After doing this each group of 3 will change places so everyone has a go. This will thus help in the improvement their sport skills and still acknowledge their sporting ability at the same time. My friend having the knowledge of people varying sports skills helped him excel in carrying out his session in an effective, successful format.

He still has the knowledge to know who is right to play in matches, to maximise the chances of finishing in the top 4 in the Barclays premier league. He knows when to make the right decisions in a match situation whether to play a defensive or attack tactics or also knows who has the ability to play first team football and the other less technical players will play in reserve football, to develop them to progress and improve so that they can play first team football. This knowledge of sports skills is vital in Arsene Wenger success, but like my friends there are some flaws as its not compulsory for Arsene Wenger to sell his big players for good amount of money, as a result, {1}‘The Gunners have gone seven years without winning any silverware’, if he didn’t sell those world class players , arsenal could properly start winning trophies for the club and have a great status as a very successful club just like Manchester united, who’s have had {2}‘silverware rolling into their trophy cabinet in the last 20 years, but Sports mail can't fit them all in as we list Sir Alex Ferguson's finest achievements during his time at Old Trafford.’
Moreover, Alex Ferguson’s success, like Arsene and my friend, is partly down to having great knowledge of sport skills, unlike Arsene Wenger, Alex tends to keep his best players, but instead buy more World class players,

He still has the knowledge to know who is right to play in matches, to maximise the chances of finishing in the top 4 in the Barclays premier league. He knows when to make the right decisions in a match situation whether to play a defensive or attack tactics or also knows who has the ability to play first team football and the other less technical players will play in reserve football, to develop them to progress and improve so that they can play first team football. This knowledge of sports skills is vital in Arsene Wenger success, but like my friends there are some flaws as its not compulsory for Arsene Wenger to sell his big players for good amount of money, as a result, {1}‘The Gunners have gone seven years without winning any silverware’, if he didn’t sell those world class players , arsenal could properly start winning trophies for the club and have a great status as a very successful club just like Manchester united, who’s have had {2}‘silverware rolling into their trophy cabinet in the last 20 years, but Sports mail can't fit them all in as we list Sir Alex Ferguson's finest achievements during his time at Old Trafford.’
Moreover, Alex Ferguson’s success, like Arsene and my friend, is partly down to having great knowledge of sport skills, unlike Arsene Wenger, Alex tends to keep his best players, but instead buy more World class players,

In my friends situation (the former sports leader), I personally felt he did great and that young sports leaders should look up to him. His ability to instantly tell who’s got elite sporting ability and others who have near average or very basic technical ability. From his quite challenging yet enjoyable session, he had the vast knowledge of the kids technical ability and this was an advantage that helped him to simplify the session for the less technical players so that they can gain the required technical to join the other kids (who already have the required skill) and enjoy a the activity. However, the session he employed were very challenging for children, these sort of session would suit teenagers better than kids, as the ability to volley a football requires a almost exceptional ability to get right all the time and only a few kids could perform this technique successful. Even the simplified drills were a bit challenging for the less technical children.
In addition, My friend is comparable to Arsene Wenger because similar to my friend, Arsene sets quite tough challenges for his squad by selling their best players such as Van Persie, Alex Song, etc. and only buying decent players, as he doesn’t like to spend a lot of money on getting world class players, but Like my friend, even though he makes these questionable, challenging decisions on selling and buying.

In my friends situation (the former sports leader), I personally felt he did great and that young sports leaders should look up to him. His ability to instantly tell who’s got elite sporting ability and others who have near average or very basic technical ability. From his quite challenging yet enjoyable session, he had the vast knowledge of the kids technical ability and this was an advantage that helped him to simplify the session for the less technical players so that they can gain the required technical to join the other kids (who already have the required skill) and enjoy a the activity. However, the session he employed were very challenging for children, these sort of session would suit teenagers better than kids, as the ability to volley a football requires a almost exceptional ability to get right all the time and only a few kids could perform this technique successful. Even the simplified drills were a bit challenging for the less technical children.
In addition, My friend is comparable to Arsene Wenger because similar to my friend, Arsene sets quite tough challenges for his squad by selling their best players such as Van Persie, Alex Song, etc. and only buying decent players, as he doesn’t like to spend a lot of money on getting world class players, but Like my friend, even though he makes these questionable, challenging decisions on selling and buying.

one example {3}‘Van Persie, who began the first stage of a medical in Manchester on Thursday afternoon, is expected to rubber-stamp his transfer from Arsenal on Friday after agreeing a four-year contract, with the option of a further 12 months, worth £200,000 a week at Old Trafford.’ This is also evidence that Alex Ferguson is a better manager football wise than Arsene Wenger, but business wise {4} ‘Arsenal changed home at the time when more and more money was being introduced and less was being made available for transfers. Any money made was being used to repay the debt and a little was put away to strengthen the squad’. Arsene is far superior as Manchester united have fallen into debt in a region of {5} ‘£423m burden’ in the year 2012, but taking into consideration the football side Alex signing Van Persie is a big bonus to the already strong squad, this will thus strengthen the squad even more, which will therefore increase Manchester United chance of winning the big titles. This ideology that Alex Ferguson has is one of the reasons why he is more successful than Arsene Wenger.

one example {3}‘Van Persie, who began the first stage of a medical in Manchester on Thursday afternoon, is expected to rubber-stamp his transfer from Arsenal on Friday after agreeing a four-year contract, with the option of a further 12 months, worth £200,000 a week at Old Trafford.’ This is also evidence that Alex Ferguson is a better manager football wise than Arsene Wenger, but business wise {4} ‘Arsenal changed home at the time when more and more money was being introduced and less was being made available for transfers. Any money made was being used to repay the debt and a little was put away to strengthen the squad’. Arsene is far superior as Manchester united have fallen into debt in a region of {5} ‘£423m burden’ in the year 2012, but taking into consideration the football side Alex signing Van Persie is a big bonus to the already strong squad, this will thus strengthen the squad even more, which will therefore increase Manchester United chance of winning the big titles. This ideology that Alex Ferguson has is one of the reasons why he is more successful than Arsene Wenger.

Page 2

Playing centre back, as Jose Mourinho understands and acknowledges Ozil’s traits and physical ability and by playing him centre back may be too challenging for a quick, agile, skilful midfielder, that’s why Jose Mourinho puts Pepe and Sergio Ramos, both very physical, strong, tall defenders. He understands who fits into which positions and by knowing people physicals need, Jose Mourinho has been classed as of the best managers in the world. As {6} ‘we have prepared the team and not only physically.’ Jose Mourinho already is prepared and knows who to play, and he is physically prepared for the matches and who isn’t. This has led to his success, as {7} ‘Real Madrid won their first Primera Division title in four years in style with a comprehensive victory at Athletic Bilbao.’ This is only part of Jose’s success as his ‘success means Madrid coach Jose Mourinho has now won the league title in four different countries following his triumphs with Porto, Chelsea and Inter Milan, Athletic’, this shows that Jose success came down to his acknowledgement of his players and who could cope with the physical demands of the game and who needed more experience in reserve leagues to develop their game.
The way my old Enfield Rangers coach selected players for games was like Jose Mourihno’s philosophy. And with my coach guidance we managed to finish 3rd in our competitive league, which was good achievement for us, but the problem my coach had that Jose didn’t have was that my coach failed to understand fully which positions best suit each individual, as one of my team mates, a small, skilful, speedy, injured prone footballer

Playing centre back, as Jose Mourinho understands and acknowledges Ozil’s traits and physical ability and by playing him centre back may be too challenging for a quick, agile, skilful midfielder, that’s why Jose Mourinho puts Pepe and Sergio Ramos, both very physical, strong, tall defenders. He understands who fits into which positions and by knowing people physicals need, Jose Mourinho has been classed as of the best managers in the world. As {6} ‘we have prepared the team and not only physically.’ Jose Mourinho already is prepared and knows who to play, and he is physically prepared for the matches and who isn’t. This has led to his success, as {7} ‘Real Madrid won their first Primera Division title in four years in style with a comprehensive victory at Athletic Bilbao.’ This is only part of Jose’s success as his ‘success means Madrid coach Jose Mourinho has now won the league title in four different countries following his triumphs with Porto, Chelsea and Inter Milan, Athletic’, this shows that Jose success came down to his acknowledgement of his players and who could cope with the physical demands of the game and who needed more experience in reserve leagues to develop their game.
The way my old Enfield Rangers coach selected players for games was like Jose Mourihno’s philosophy. And with my coach guidance we managed to finish 3rd in our competitive league, which was good achievement for us, but the problem my coach had that Jose didn’t have was that my coach failed to understand fully which positions best suit each individual, as one of my team mates, a small, skilful, speedy, injured prone footballer

Secondly, what really makes a great sport leader is the most obvious factor and that’s the knowledge of rules and laws. As this type of Quality involves having a good understanding of the rules of the game that may be employed into the session. Passing on to the participants the regulations and the laws of the sport, will help the sports leader see and examine who is obedient to the rules you have enforced and whose broken them. It is important to inform participants about the rules of the particular activity/event, before being carried out because if this doesn’t happen then the whole event will be a complete disaster and participants will start to make up their own rules and ruin the whole session for everyone else, resulting in a unorganised, disruptive session, this will therefore decrease of the chances of any child coming back, thus putting a bad image on the sports leader. Also, employing the laws of the specific sport teaches children obedience and this skill is vital in order to carry out an event as sport leader, each child or adult must be obedient and keen to listen to the sports leader, so in a way the body language determines whether the children will listen and obey the rules or not. Like if Howard Webb (Premier league Referee), didn’t know the rules and regulation of football, then the game pro footballers will take advantage of that issue and create rules that help the win matches and that will result to unfair and disorganised match. Also, by the Tim Howard knowing these rules the matches can be played fairly and managed to a high standard.
Secondly, what really makes a great sport leader is the most obvious factor and that’s the knowledge of rules and laws. As this type of Quality involves having a good understanding of the rules of the game that may be employed into the session. Passing on to the participants the regulations and the laws of the sport, will help the sports leader see and examine who is obedient to the rules you have enforced and whose broken them. It is important to inform participants about the rules of the particular activity/event, before being carried out because if this doesn’t happen then the whole event will be a complete disaster and participants will start to make up their own rules and ruin the whole session for everyone else, resulting in a unorganised, disruptive session, this will therefore decrease of the chances of any child coming back, thus putting a bad image on the sports leader. Also, employing the laws of the specific sport teaches children obedience and this skill is vital in order to carry out an event as sport leader, each child or adult must be obedient and keen to listen to the sports leader, so in a way the body language determines whether the children will listen and obey the rules or not. Like if Howard Webb (Premier league Referee), didn’t know the rules and regulation of football, then the game pro footballers will take advantage of that issue and create rules that help the win matches and that will result to unfair and disorganised match. Also, by the Tim Howard knowing these rules the matches can be played fairly and managed to a high standard.
Also, the body language of the referee has to be right in order to be able to enforce rules and be seen as the superior of the match, as he will be making the big decisions in the game. So having these skills is vital to be an effective sports leader, as without them, little children will take advantage of you and the session will be a mess, Unlike Tim Howard, a successful referee he knows how to handle disobedient pro footballers in a professional manner, which makes him one of the best referees in the Premier League. Less successful sports leaders wouldn’t have the body language and the seriousness to enforce and mange rules and regulations.
Thirdly, understanding the physical needs of the participant is a crucial skill to becoming an effective sport leader. This skill also involves having good awareness, empathy, inclusivity, objectivity and understanding the different need for different age groups. This is important, so that people don’t find an activity way too challenging or too easy. So that overall each participants does an activity, that matches their technical ability. Also, so that no one is left out, everyone with different abilities, whether they are disabled or not can participate and enjoy the activities. Also understanding other people views forms a relationship with the group. For example, Jose Mourinho (Real Madrid Manager) always has a tactics for a game. As you never see Mesut Ozil (Professional footballer who plays centre midfield for Real Madrid)
Also, the body language of the referee has to be right in order to be able to enforce rules and be seen as the superior of the match, as he will be making the big decisions in the game. So having these skills is vital to be an effective sports leader, as without them, little children will take advantage of you and the session will be a mess, Unlike Tim Howard, a successful referee he knows how to handle disobedient pro footballers in a professional manner, which makes him one of the best referees in the Premier League. Less successful sports leaders wouldn’t have the body language and the seriousness to enforce and mange rules and regulations.
Thirdly, understanding the physical needs of the participant is a crucial skill to becoming an effective sport leader. This skill also involves having good awareness, empathy, inclusivity, objectivity and understanding the different need for different age groups. This is important, so that people don’t find an activity way too challenging or too easy. So that overall each participants does an activity, that matches their technical ability. Also, so that no one is left out, everyone with different abilities, whether they are disabled or not can participate and enjoy the activities. Also understanding other people views forms a relationship with the group. For example, Jose Mourinho (Real Madrid Manager) always has a tactics for a game. As you never see Mesut Ozil (Professional footballer who plays centre midfield for Real Madrid)

Page 3 was played at centre back for the quarter of the season, as we had no centre backs in the team, but we did have tall, strong, opposing, less injury prone players who played right back and left back, but strangely, those guys never played centre back, and this decision affected our team hugely and because of that we didn’t win the league and this is something that my coach didn’t take into consideration, as physically my small skilled team mate struggled hugely at centre back and got injured quite easily, and this could of all been prevented if my coach had the knowledge to put someone stronger and solid to handle the centre back position. The way my coach planned the match led to us finishing strong in our league this type of planning and preparing is comparable to Jose Mourinho, but unlike Jose he therefore knows the Physical needs of all his players and acknowledges their physical ability.
Finally, understanding the Mental needs of the Participants is a key factor in being both an effective and successful sports leader. This last Quality skill means understanding participant’s mood, state of mind, the goals they want to reach, their motivation and objectivity.
These features are important to get athletes/ people mentally prepared for an event or activity because without a good understanding of participants mental needs, people would be “stressed out and depressed’ and this may led to the participants not preforming to the best of their ability. “So these features help Participants fully reach their goal.” For example, during a Premier League was played at centre back for the quarter of the season, as we had no centre backs in the team, but we did have tall, strong, opposing, less injury prone players who played right back and left back, but strangely, those guys never played centre back, and this decision affected our team hugely and because of that we didn’t win the league and this is something that my coach didn’t take into consideration, as physically my small skilled team mate struggled hugely at centre back and got injured quite easily, and this could of all been prevented if my coach had the knowledge to put someone stronger and solid to handle the centre back position. The way my coach planned the match led to us finishing strong in our league this type of planning and preparing is comparable to Jose Mourinho, but unlike Jose he therefore knows the Physical needs of all his players and acknowledges their physical ability.
Finally, understanding the Mental needs of the Participants is a key factor in being both an effective and successful sports leader. This last Quality skill means understanding participant’s mood, state of mind, the goals they want to reach, their motivation and objectivity.
These features are important to get athletes/ people mentally prepared for an event or activity because without a good understanding of participants mental needs, people would be “stressed out and depressed’ and this may led to the participants not preforming to the best of their ability. “So these features help Participants fully reach their goal.” For example, during a Premier League match, where Chelsea FC (football club) play Manchester United. During the match Di Mateo has acknowledged that Fernando Torres has had 4 chances at goal and he has missed all of them and 2 of the chances were open Goals. And now during the second half he has been underperforming and letting the opposing fans get to him. As most fans of Chelsea feel that {8} "For me he must do more. It is not good enough. "He has had maybe one shot in the whole match, at times it is like Chelsea are playing with ten men.” Even Di Matteo says that “It's no secret that Torres has struggled to adapt to life at Stamford Bridge since his big-money move from Liverpool in January 2011.”
Furthermore, as a result of Torres’ missed chances Di Matteo used his skills to know acknowledge how Fernando may be feeling from missing so many goal scoring opportunities and decides to bring on Didier Drogba, as Didier may be more mentally prepared and more positive and confident to create goal scoring opportunities without doubt of missing again, unlike Torres’ state of mind. Di Matteo knows that he has to “focus on my job and try to prepare the players and the team to the best for the next game." These little adjustments that Di Matteo made separated him from AVB (Andre Villas Boas), as AVB struggled to win [9] “any of their last five knock-out games at the Bridge - and needing to turn around a 3-1 first leg deficit to Napoli.” But fortunately somehow Matteo was able to turn that around and Chelsea managed to win to beat Napoli at home and from their reached champion’s league final. He knows that mentally he needs to get the

match, where Chelsea FC (football club) play Manchester United. During the match Di Mateo has acknowledged that Fernando Torres has had 4 chances at goal and he has missed all of them and 2 of the chances were open Goals. And now during the second half he has been underperforming and letting the opposing fans get to him. As most fans of Chelsea feel that {8} "For me he must do more. It is not good enough. "He has had maybe one shot in the whole match, at times it is like Chelsea are playing with ten men.” Even Di Matteo says that “It's no secret that Torres has struggled to adapt to life at Stamford Bridge since his big-money move from Liverpool in January 2011.”
Furthermore, as a result of Torres’ missed chances Di Matteo used his skills to know acknowledge how Fernando may be feeling from missing so many goal scoring opportunities and decides to bring on Didier Drogba, as Didier may be more mentally prepared and more positive and confident to create goal scoring opportunities without doubt of missing again, unlike Torres’ state of mind. Di Matteo knows that he has to “focus on my job and try to prepare the players and the team to the best for the next game." These little adjustments that Di Matteo made separated him from AVB (Andre Villas Boas), as AVB struggled to win [9] “any of their last five knock-out games at the Bridge - and needing to turn around a 3-1 first leg deficit to Napoli.” But fortunately somehow Matteo was able to turn that around and Chelsea managed to win to beat Napoli at home and from their reached champion’s league final. He knows that mentally he needs to get the

team prepared and ready for matches in order to succeed in his job and he is has been successful in that as he has won the [10} “FA cup” and the “Champions League” under Chelsea. The difference why Matteo has excelled over former Chelsea manger AVB, is due the fact that Matteo has played professional football and consequently for Chelsea and having that pro football experience helps him have a better understanding of the player’s mental state and what needs to change in order for these mental issues to be addressed.
He would know or acknowledge how his players are feeling because he has coached them for quite a while and has got to know them and plus he has been through the hardship and mentally tough sport of professional football, so he may have a clearer idea of the players mental health than AVB, who didn’t play football to the professional level, but only managed teams, and also a disadvantage was that he is quite young and not as experienced as Di Matteo a former West Brom manager, who has managed more a premier league team longer than AVB. These skills that Di Matteo has developed has given him the edge against AV. Especially, the way he socialises with his players and acknowledges his players mental needs and adjust it, so his players are more mentally prepared for matches. [11] “I expect” Frank Lampard “to be the same next season. If you don’t have any major injuries you can go on as long as you are mentally and physically driven by playing football.” These kinds of skills of understanding mental needs of others is a key factor to Di Matteo and this is one of the reason why he has been successful so far at Chelsea. team prepared and ready for matches in order to succeed in his job and he is has been successful in that as he has won the [10} “FA cup” and the “Champions League” under Chelsea. The difference why Matteo has excelled over former Chelsea manger AVB, is due the fact that Matteo has played professional football and consequently for Chelsea and having that pro football experience helps him have a better understanding of the player’s mental state and what needs to change in order for these mental issues to be addressed.
He would know or acknowledge how his players are feeling because he has coached them for quite a while and has got to know them and plus he has been through the hardship and mentally tough sport of professional football, so he may have a clearer idea of the players mental health than AVB, who didn’t play football to the professional level, but only managed teams, and also a disadvantage was that he is quite young and not as experienced as Di Matteo a former West Brom manager, who has managed more a premier league team longer than AVB. These skills that Di Matteo has developed has given him the edge against AV. Especially, the way he socialises with his players and acknowledges his players mental needs and adjust it, so his players are more mentally prepared for matches. [11] “I expect” Frank Lampard “to be the same next season. If you don’t have any major injuries you can go on as long as you are mentally and physically driven by playing football.” These kinds of skills of understanding mental needs of others is a key factor to Di Matteo and this is one of the reason why he has been successful so far at Chelsea.

Page 4
Also, being patience is a vital characteristic to becoming a successful, effective sports leader. Patience requires the sports leader to be calm, yet composed and hardly shows anger or stress toward an underachieving performer, but instead acknowledges their technical ability and makes the session a bit simpler, so that the participants understand the session better and has acquired the basic principles of the session and in the long run the participant can join the other group in the main session have fun and enjoy the session and this is all down to the sport leader having the calmness, determination and the patience to help the less physically active participant to in a way develop the performance and their technical skill in an enjoyable, basic method. Also, having the skill to manage different people of varying abilities separates the very average sports leaders from the elite, effective sports leaders. As if you were not patience with a troublesome individual or group, this can often lead to anger and frustration towards the participant and this may therefore make the participant uncomfortable and quite frighten of the sports leader and may not perform well and as a result will not come back to the session ever again. This sort of behaviour relates to my old former QPR (Queen Park Rangers Football Club) coach, I was at QPR’s football academy for a year and in those years from the age of 13 to 14, I’ve now concluded that my QPR coach was very unsuccessful in his job and he eventually got sacked straight away. The reason for this, similarly is because he wasn’t patient with the players who
Also, being patience is a vital characteristic to becoming a successful, effective sports leader. Patience requires the sports leader to be calm, yet composed and hardly shows anger or stress toward an underachieving performer, but instead acknowledges their technical ability and makes the session a bit simpler, so that the participants understand the session better and has acquired the basic principles of the session and in the long run the participant can join the other group in the main session have fun and enjoy the session and this is all down to the sport leader having the calmness, determination and the patience to help the less physically active participant to in a way develop the performance and their technical skill in an enjoyable, basic method. Also, having the skill to manage different people of varying abilities separates the very average sports leaders from the elite, effective sports leaders. As if you were not patience with a troublesome individual or group, this can often lead to anger and frustration towards the participant and this may therefore make the participant uncomfortable and quite frighten of the sports leader and may not perform well and as a result will not come back to the session ever again. This sort of behaviour relates to my old former QPR (Queen Park Rangers Football Club) coach, I was at QPR’s football academy for a year and in those years from the age of 13 to 14, I’ve now concluded that my QPR coach was very unsuccessful in his job and he eventually got sacked straight away. The reason for this, similarly is because he wasn’t patient with the players who
This kind of separation made every session in school not fun and just bring even for the elite athletes as some of their friends were in the mixed group. Everyone felt as if the PE teacher come across to aggressive and mean to people who don’t like and show a lot of favouritism towards the elite athletes and this led to a one sided, boring session and this then resulted in everyone and even the athletes mucking about and not even taking the fun session seriously anymore because half of the everyone were not treated the same. However, my PE teacher was able to handle [12] “conflict within a group” and when people did argue with him, he would try to change the subject and make them focus on the lesson, fortunately he says the same things to everyone, so that everyone can be treated equally, but as I’ve told u before this was not always the case, as equality was only used some time in our sessions, so my PE teacher did share some good points, but needs a lot of improvement to be a successful sports leader like, my college PE Teacher, who has attained a lot of success and I’ve had the privilege to experience him at work as a sport leader. First of all unlike my secondary school PE teacher, my college PE teacher didn’t care if you were as fast or athlete as Usain Bolt or ha the worst attitude in the world, he would still treat them equally and also when it came making judgements I concluded that when my college PE teacher makes fair and wiser observation for a situation and this thus creates equality and this is one of the key reasons why my college PE teacher is more successful than my secondary school PE teacher.
This kind of separation made every session in school not fun and just bring even for the elite athletes as some of their friends were in the mixed group. Everyone felt as if the PE teacher come across to aggressive and mean to people who don’t like and show a lot of favouritism towards the elite athletes and this led to a one sided, boring session and this then resulted in everyone and even the athletes mucking about and not even taking the fun session seriously anymore because half of the everyone were not treated the same. However, my PE teacher was able to handle [12] “conflict within a group” and when people did argue with him, he would try to change the subject and make them focus on the lesson, fortunately he says the same things to everyone, so that everyone can be treated equally, but as I’ve told u before this was not always the case, as equality was only used some time in our sessions, so my PE teacher did share some good points, but needs a lot of improvement to be a successful sports leader like, my college PE Teacher, who has attained a lot of success and I’ve had the privilege to experience him at work as a sport leader. First of all unlike my secondary school PE teacher, my college PE teacher didn’t care if you were as fast or athlete as Usain Bolt or ha the worst attitude in the world, he would still treat them equally and also when it came making judgements I concluded that when my college PE teacher makes fair and wiser observation for a situation and this thus creates equality and this is one of the key reasons why my college PE teacher is more successful than my secondary school PE teacher.
Additionally, having the four Qualities isn’t enough in the road to success of being a great sports leader. They must attain various major characteristics, the key four characteristics are vital in effectiveness, but all of them are still just as important. A sport leader must show objectivity, meaning that sports leader judgement of a participant should not be affected by their technical ability or emotions, these kinds of skills of making wise, fair, unbiased judgement separates good sports leaders from the very average ones. This important as participant’s need to have the confidence that they will be treated the same as everyone else ad the judged the same, so in a case no favouritism is allowed and by doing this participant’s feel equal and will enjoy the sessions knowing that any magistrate will be fair and not based of bad behaviour or other factors. So in a case kids will not feel that they are being picked on and this leaves kids feeling content and having fun with the session and the sports leader. An example would be my secondary school PE teacher, also a former sports leader, wasn’t as successful at what he does. For my PE teacher always had his unfair, biased set of judgements on each individual. If you were athletics, he would put you in the advanced group and if you were a low level performer and badly behaved, My PE teacher would treat them like amateur and in case put them into mixed group of badly behaved, disrespectful, less athletic boys, where they do very basics activities while the other elite athletes, who never disrespected the PE teacher, did the fun, advanced activities.
Additionally, having the four Qualities isn’t enough in the road to success of being a great sports leader. They must attain various major characteristics, the key four characteristics are vital in effectiveness, but all of them are still just as important. A sport leader must show objectivity, meaning that sports leader judgement of a participant should not be affected by their technical ability or emotions, these kinds of skills of making wise, fair, unbiased judgement separates good sports leaders from the very average ones. This important as participant’s need to have the confidence that they will be treated the same as everyone else ad the judged the same, so in a case no favouritism is allowed and by doing this participant’s feel equal and will enjoy the sessions knowing that any magistrate will be fair and not based of bad behaviour or other factors. So in a case kids will not feel that they are being picked on and this leaves kids feeling content and having fun with the session and the sports leader. An example would be my secondary school PE teacher, also a former sports leader, wasn’t as successful at what he does. For my PE teacher always had his unfair, biased set of judgements on each individual. If you were athletics, he would put you in the advanced group and if you were a low level performer and badly behaved, My PE teacher would treat them like amateur and in case put them into mixed group of badly behaved, disrespectful, less athletic boys, where they do very basics activities while the other elite athletes, who never disrespected the PE teacher, did the fun, advanced activities.

Page 5

This is the sort of mentality that Hamukwaya had of feeling empathy for his athlete and setting him different targets is what makes a great sport leader is what sport leader to, as he also said “My aim is to get more people with disabilities involved in sports, because I know they can achieve greater things than they think they can.” This evidently shows that he whats disabled to re discover their talent and stop feeling sorry for themselves and also this shows that Hamukwaya shows yet again no sympathy, but instead treats the disabled athlete the same no matter what. As result Hamukwaya’s athlete, Johanna Benson went to win gold medal in the London 2012 Paralympic in T37 200 metres and this was all down to the coach, Hamukwaya showing empathy.
The most important of those three characters for sports leaders, is to be approachable and by that meaning having the appropriate body language and social skills to be approachable for children. For example, So if a child has been having troubles at home, where his/her parents have brutally beaten him/her almost every day, but the down side to it, is that the child is too scared to tell anyone about it, and if a sports leader is not approachable, the this child could commit self-harm to himself/herself or even commit suicide, the possibilities of these factors are endless and sports leaders need to be aware and have the approachability factor in order to help any child, who seriously needs someone trustworthy and open to talk to and that’s the sports leader just to socialise with the children and behave in a calm orderly fashion in order for participant to have the confidence to talk to the sports leader about their personal, private issues. So that the sports leader can therefore pass the message to the social workers officers, so that they an take action and hopefully this will make the child feel safer and this l benefit that individual, so approachability is n important factor to becoming an effective sports leader.
This is the sort of mentality that Hamukwaya had of feeling empathy for his athlete and setting him different targets is what makes a great sport leader is what sport leader to, as he also said “My aim is to get more people with disabilities involved in sports, because I know they can achieve greater things than they think they can.” This evidently shows that he whats disabled to re discover their talent and stop feeling sorry for themselves and also this shows that Hamukwaya shows yet again no sympathy, but instead treats the disabled athlete the same no matter what. As result Hamukwaya’s athlete, Johanna Benson went to win gold medal in the London 2012 Paralympic in T37 200 metres and this was all down to the coach, Hamukwaya showing empathy.
The most important of those three characters for sports leaders, is to be approachable and by that meaning having the appropriate body language and social skills to be approachable for children. For example, So if a child has been having troubles at home, where his/her parents have brutally beaten him/her almost every day, but the down side to it, is that the child is too scared to tell anyone about it, and if a sports leader is not approachable, the this child could commit self-harm to himself/herself or even commit suicide, the possibilities of these factors are endless and sports leaders need to be aware and have the approachability factor in order to help any child, who seriously needs someone trustworthy and open to talk to and that’s the sports leader just to socialise with the children and behave in a calm orderly fashion in order for participant to have the confidence to talk to the sports leader about their personal, private issues. So that the sports leader can therefore pass the message to the social workers officers, so that they an take action and hopefully this will make the child feel safer and this l benefit that individual, so approachability is n important factor to becoming an effective sports leader. when I make a silly mistake and show patience in an appropriate manner. So in a sense not having Patience as a sport leader does hinder your participants’ performance, so having patience is as I’ve said again the one of the key factors to success and my athletics coach was evidently more successful as a coach than my QPR coach, and from there in my athletics profession I went to be 100m champion for 3 years running and unfortunately because of my unsuccessful QPR coach, I got released from the academy due to inconsistency and lack of confidence in matches, this could have been prevented if my QPR was patience with us all the time and not just some times.
Also, showing Empathy is a key factor too. In this case showing no racism to participant, meaning every member from different cultures/background or different ability should be treated the same. This is very important because by doing this, participants will feel more welcomed and accepted, this will therefore make the children want to come back. Also, by the sport leader placing each individual with others with different backgrounds and not taking into account their disability or their disadvantages, but instead set targets for the mixed group needs, this is known as differentiation. An example of a sports leader that show the most empathy is the elite Paralympic coach, Michael Hamukwaya, this guy has got the most motivational, determine, indulgent character, who feels no sympathy for his athlete, sprinter Johanna Benson, but instead feel they can do better and achieve Goals beyond their limit this skills stands them out from the others [13}“We work together as a family, and almost all athletes with disability, sport provided them with the opportunity to travel to other countries and meet other athletes with disabilities as well as other coaches who motivate them to continue working hard”, Hamukwaya said. when I make a silly mistake and show patience in an appropriate manner. So in a sense not having Patience as a sport leader does hinder your participants’ performance, so having patience is as I’ve said again the one of the key factors to success and my athletics coach was evidently more successful as a coach than my QPR coach, and from there in my athletics profession I went to be 100m champion for 3 years running and unfortunately because of my unsuccessful QPR coach, I got released from the academy due to inconsistency and lack of confidence in matches, this could have been prevented if my QPR was patience with us all the time and not just some times.
Also, showing Empathy is a key factor too. In this case showing no racism to participant, meaning every member from different cultures/background or different ability should be treated the same. This is very important because by doing this, participants will feel more welcomed and accepted, this will therefore make the children want to come back. Also, by the sport leader placing each individual with others with different backgrounds and not taking into account their disability or their disadvantages, but instead set targets for the mixed group needs, this is known as differentiation. An example of a sports leader that show the most empathy is the elite Paralympic coach, Michael Hamukwaya, this guy has got the most motivational, determine, indulgent character, who feels no sympathy for his athlete, sprinter Johanna Benson, but instead feel they can do better and achieve Goals beyond their limit this skills stands them out from the others [13}“We work together as a family, and almost all athletes with disability, sport provided them with the opportunity to travel to other countries and meet other athletes with disabilities as well as other coaches who motivate them to continue working hard”, Hamukwaya said. had on his team and the way he came across as a coach was aggressive and we has a club suffered finishing 5th in the football academy league, when our minimal target was at least 2nd. Since my QPR coach moaned at us every time we didn’t do something right in training, this lowered our confidence and some players even left QPR, a professional team, to trial for other pro clubs because of the coaching. This could have all been prevented if the coach raises his expectation so high. If he had taken a more simple approach with the team and work on certain drills or weakness, instead of moaning all the time and being aggressive and rude to the young QPR hopefuls/players, including me when I was that age, we would have one our league and this links back to sports leaders having patience, as this is such an important factor to succeed, as it doesn’t just apply to sports leaders and sports people, but everyday life in general to everyday life situations. I can admit his coaching was of the highest players, as every player was improving as a footballer, as he did have that sense of giving players he thinks can play first team football a chance to shine and give them time to develop, this was the only positive attribute he had, but however, this wasn’t always the case as for he only showed this patience to some players and excluded the rest and I was one of them, just as I’ve said above.
In contrast, my athletics coach was like a motivator to me, there would be times when I would come last in an event or mess up in training or underperform, but unlike my QPR coach, my athletics coach drove me to do well and gave me time to develop to the best of my ability, by not complaining, but by cheering me up had on his team and the way he came across as a coach was aggressive and we has a club suffered finishing 5th in the football academy league, when our minimal target was at least 2nd. Since my QPR coach moaned at us every time we didn’t do something right in training, this lowered our confidence and some players even left QPR, a professional team, to trial for other pro clubs because of the coaching. This could have all been prevented if the coach raises his expectation so high. If he had taken a more simple approach with the team and work on certain drills or weakness, instead of moaning all the time and being aggressive and rude to the young QPR hopefuls/players, including me when I was that age, we would have one our league and this links back to sports leaders having patience, as this is such an important factor to succeed, as it doesn’t just apply to sports leaders and sports people, but everyday life in general to everyday life situations. I can admit his coaching was of the highest players, as every player was improving as a footballer, as he did have that sense of giving players he thinks can play first team football a chance to shine and give them time to develop, this was the only positive attribute he had, but however, this wasn’t always the case as for he only showed this patience to some players and excluded the rest and I was one of them, just as I’ve said above.
In contrast, my athletics coach was like a motivator to me, there would be times when I would come last in an event or mess up in training or underperform, but unlike my QPR coach, my athletics coach drove me to do well and gave me time to develop to the best of my ability, by not complaining, but by cheering me up

Page 6
[17] “The secret of success in life is for a man to be ready for his opportunity when it comes.” This is what Pep use to reach that level of success in what he does and this has reflected on his team (FC Barcelona) and level of organisation and planning has paid off and this is why he is one of the most successful football coaches in the world. In contrast, to my secondary school football coach, who usually never sets up a proper training session and by this I mean, he comes up with things on the spot without no planning or preparation, and this often leads to us as a football group mucking about not taking the training seriously and also if the coach was serious and wanted us to become pro footballers he would of made our sessions more organised and prepared, but unfortunately this was not the case and as a result because of the lack of well-structured training session when it came to match day we lost every single match and this then resulted in half the squad quitting on the team because of the lack of interest from the coach and really down to pure laziness and lack of commitment to plan properly for us to then succeed.

[17] “The secret of success in life is for a man to be ready for his opportunity when it comes.” This is what Pep use to reach that level of success in what he does and this has reflected on his team (FC Barcelona) and level of organisation and planning has paid off and this is why he is one of the most successful football coaches in the world. In contrast, to my secondary school football coach, who usually never sets up a proper training session and by this I mean, he comes up with things on the spot without no planning or preparation, and this often leads to us as a football group mucking about not taking the training seriously and also if the coach was serious and wanted us to become pro footballers he would of made our sessions more organised and prepared, but unfortunately this was not the case and as a result because of the lack of well-structured training session when it came to match day we lost every single match and this then resulted in half the squad quitting on the team because of the lack of interest from the coach and really down to pure laziness and lack of commitment to plan properly for us to then succeed.

Roles are the last and essential factor in becoming an effective sports leader, this forms the missing puzzle to success as it involves the [15] “development of your sessions and methods of delivery to encourage performers to learn.” The first role that is also vital to effectiveness as a sport leader is behaving like an Organiser, by this meaning Sports leader must attain the habit of organisation, planning and being well prepared in any situation that arises. As these factors all contribute to the success rate of session, so for example having a well-planned, organised session will result in fewer mistakes arises and lack of disorganisation and ineffectiveness. Also, by having this stature of organisation, will hint to the participant that you are a great, serious, thoughtful sport leader and may result in them coming back next week for more session. However, if sports leader wasn’t organised, this will lead to participants messing around and also the participant may see the sport leader as a LAZY, LEISURELY, LANGUID excuse for an organiser, who is supposed to be leading acting to an organised standard.
Very organised sports leader usually relates to Pep Guardiola, former Barcelona Manager. He has attained a high level success at what he does, as he is often referred as [16] “an organiser, perfectionist and everything has to be right on and off the field.” Pep has gained this status because of his success rate of winning trophies such as the Champions League, La Liga, the Spanish Super Cup, Copa Del Rel and more and this has happened because he was organised a well-prepared in matches.
Roles are the last and essential factor in becoming an effective sports leader, this forms the missing puzzle to success as it involves the [15] “development of your sessions and methods of delivery to encourage performers to learn.” The first role that is also vital to effectiveness as a sport leader is behaving like an Organiser, by this meaning Sports leader must attain the habit of organisation, planning and being well prepared in any situation that arises. As these factors all contribute to the success rate of session, so for example having a well-planned, organised session will result in fewer mistakes arises and lack of disorganisation and ineffectiveness. Also, by having this stature of organisation, will hint to the participant that you are a great, serious, thoughtful sport leader and may result in them coming back next week for more session. However, if sports leader wasn’t organised, this will lead to participants messing around and also the participant may see the sport leader as a LAZY, LEISURELY, LANGUID excuse for an organiser, who is supposed to be leading acting to an organised standard.
Very organised sports leader usually relates to Pep Guardiola, former Barcelona Manager. He has attained a high level success at what he does, as he is often referred as [16] “an organiser, perfectionist and everything has to be right on and off the field.” Pep has gained this status because of his success rate of winning trophies such as the Champions League, La Liga, the Spanish Super Cup, Copa Del Rel and more and this has happened because he was organised a well-prepared in matches.
An example of a successful, approachable sports leader is AVB (Andre Villas Boas), he has quickly succeeded in settling in at his new team Tottenham Hotspurs FC. As Gareth Bale, a Tottenham Hotspurs player sees AVB as [14} “very approachable”, as "If there is a problem, or something we feel is not right, his door is open. “ And as a result of AVB’s approachability factor, Spurs have had “three wins out of their last four competitive fixtures.”, and this is all down to the basic fundamental of being a great sport leader, most importantly being approachable is a key factor in the success rate of sports leader. However, this wasn’t the case at Chelsea; as he failed to settle into Chelsea environment and eventually got sacked, as the lack of approachability and other factors. Also “He's still learning as well as a manager” and “Sometimes it just takes a little bit of time." The only criticism AVB has is that he is still quite young and still inexperience and hasn’t played football to a professional level. So in fact this may hinder him from winning the Premier League Title, as the players may not take him as seriously as a coach because he hasn’t experienced playing professional football so he wouldn’t know or understand how his players are feeling and how mentally and physically tough of the pro game.

An example of a successful, approachable sports leader is AVB (Andre Villas Boas), he has quickly succeeded in settling in at his new team Tottenham Hotspurs FC. As Gareth Bale, a Tottenham Hotspurs player sees AVB as [14} “very approachable”, as "If there is a problem, or something we feel is not right, his door is open. “ And as a result of AVB’s approachability factor, Spurs have had “three wins out of their last four competitive fixtures.”, and this is all down to the basic fundamental of being a great sport leader, most importantly being approachable is a key factor in the success rate of sports leader. However, this wasn’t the case at Chelsea; as he failed to settle into Chelsea environment and eventually got sacked, as the lack of approachability and other factors. Also “He's still learning as well as a manager” and “Sometimes it just takes a little bit of time." The only criticism AVB has is that he is still quite young and still inexperience and hasn’t played football to a professional level. So in fact this may hinder him from winning the Premier League Title, as the players may not take him as seriously as a coach because he hasn’t experienced playing professional football so he wouldn’t know or understand how his players are feeling and how mentally and physically tough of the pro game.

Page 7

This speech my friend before the training session is just one of the few messages he shared to his under 15 football team. He was motivating the session itself and he had the ability to push his players beyond their limit to reach the goal, so in a sense set a target and from their keep setting new targets to you reach your dream. This skill he possessed lead to the team finishing 3rd and when last season they finished last, so major improvement, just rom motivation, which is one of the contributing factors to becoming a successful sports leader. I was very impressed with his motivation skills, he really performed as good as a motivational speaker as well as at the same time performing great as a sport coach, which I thought was phenomenal and one of his strongest points and why he is successful with his under 15 team.
Being a teacher means teaching the participants new skill and help children have the basic skills to excel in an activity; this can thus make the session more fun. This is important because sport leaders need to behave as teachers, and this will help have status of authority, as helping and teaching children new things will benefit them in a way. An example of a sport leader is my uncle, who was formerly a sport leader before he became a coach, as a sport leader he had the skills to teach in a way that made it so easy for the participants. This led to his success of helping young children achieve their goals and s then go for new goal as a result of that. This is all down to sports leaders acting like teachers and teaching kids new thing that can be fun and entertaining. However, my uncle
This speech my friend before the training session is just one of the few messages he shared to his under 15 football team. He was motivating the session itself and he had the ability to push his players beyond their limit to reach the goal, so in a sense set a target and from their keep setting new targets to you reach your dream. This skill he possessed lead to the team finishing 3rd and when last season they finished last, so major improvement, just rom motivation, which is one of the contributing factors to becoming a successful sports leader. I was very impressed with his motivation skills, he really performed as good as a motivational speaker as well as at the same time performing great as a sport coach, which I thought was phenomenal and one of his strongest points and why he is successful with his under 15 team.
Being a teacher means teaching the participants new skill and help children have the basic skills to excel in an activity; this can thus make the session more fun. This is important because sport leaders need to behave as teachers, and this will help have status of authority, as helping and teaching children new things will benefit them in a way. An example of a sport leader is my uncle, who was formerly a sport leader before he became a coach, as a sport leader he had the skills to teach in a way that made it so easy for the participants. This led to his success of helping young children achieve their goals and s then go for new goal as a result of that. This is all down to sports leaders acting like teachers and teaching kids new thing that can be fun and entertaining. However, my uncle

Didn’t know how to teach the disabled people because he wasn’t disabled himself and this resulted in parts of the session being very awkward for the less abled people and because had didn’t have the creativity top think outside the box he couldn’t teach the less abled new skills. This is an area he needs to improve on.

Being a Guardian is also a contributing factor to how effective a sport leader may be. As being a Guardian as well as a sport leader is a huge responsibility, and requires the leader to treat them like family my an care of them and protect tm not matter what, as their parents have left you with them for an 1 hour or more, so they are expecting you to care for them.
Didn’t know how to teach the disabled people because he wasn’t disabled himself and this resulted in parts of the session being very awkward for the less abled people and because had didn’t have the creativity top think outside the box he couldn’t teach the less abled new skills. This is an area he needs to improve on.

Being a Guardian is also a contributing factor to how effective a sport leader may be. As being a Guardian as well as a sport leader is a huge responsibility, and requires the leader to treat them like family my an care of them and protect tm not matter what, as their parents have left you with them for an 1 hour or more, so they are expecting you to care for them.
Succeeding is being a good motivator, and this creates an effective sports leader. This role is very important, as this involves keeping someone self-possessed, interested, incentive, confident and helping them regains self-belief. These are all very important features that also contribute to the success rate of the session being carried out by the sports leader. My friend, who used to be a sport leader, was the most inspiration, motivational, self-determined person I ever knew. This reason for this is that during one sport session I came along and helped out a bit, but the way he socialise with children as unreal because there was in fact 20 children and half of them wanted to quit because the session were either no fun or too challenging, but somehow my friend has the skill to get them eager and enthusiastic to impress the sports leader and make themselves proud. He has the ability to inspire a bunch of young children a second, even I was inspired by his messages and phrases and I wasn’t even participating. An Example was when he said from what I remembered “Lads I know you have experience failures in your years, and this is just a stepping stone to the road to success, as after failures is success, so don’t give up gents fight for your dream and you will get it, guys who say you can’t do it say that because they can’t do that themselves, prove those guys wrong and lets have a good session.
Succeeding is being a good motivator, and this creates an effective sports leader. This role is very important, as this involves keeping someone self-possessed, interested, incentive, confident and helping them regains self-belief. These are all very important features that also contribute to the success rate of the session being carried out by the sports leader. My friend, who used to be a sport leader, was the most inspiration, motivational, self-determined person I ever knew. This reason for this is that during one sport session I came along and helped out a bit, but the way he socialise with children as unreal because there was in fact 20 children and half of them wanted to quit because the session were either no fun or too challenging, but somehow my friend has the skill to get them eager and enthusiastic to impress the sports leader and make themselves proud. He has the ability to inspire a bunch of young children a second, even I was inspired by his messages and phrases and I wasn’t even participating. An Example was when he said from what I remembered “Lads I know you have experience failures in your years, and this is just a stepping stone to the road to success, as after failures is success, so don’t give up gents fight for your dream and you will get it, guys who say you can’t do it say that because they can’t do that themselves, prove those guys wrong and lets have a good session.

Page 8
This is an important factor as if sports leader didn’t behave like a guardian, then children may be at risk of hurting themselves and doing things that they are not supposed to be doing. And this will then result in the child changing and start misbehave outside the sessions and this will reflect on the sports leader, so behaving like a guardian is a good way to look after and teach the children new things at the same time and this will benefit the child and this will then influence the success of the sport leader and the parents may therefore want their child to come back. An example would be Brendon Rodgers (Liverpool Manager, who had a lot of success with his former club Swansea and he feel s that [22] “Every player I see as my own son,” he said. “I want to do the very best for them. I want to be able to push them in their lives so they can do it for their children. We do everything in life for our kids. I don’t want to ever miss the chance of letting players understand that this is why we do it.” This message he said is part of his philosophy and this has led to his success so far over the years and now he wants to employ that idealism into Liverpool and this an example of a successful sport leader, who has proven his greatness by former club Swansea City A.F.C being the first Welsh club to enter the Premier League. This is a huge achievement, that couldn’t have been done without behaving like a guardian toward his players. However, he lacks what Alex Ferguson has, which is experience, as Alex Ferguson has won more trophies than Brendon Rodgers and Alex has the experience to back that up and also Alex has more experience in the pro game, as he has played in the pro game longer than Brendon Rodgers, so that is also a big bonus.In Cohesion, Social Loafing and The Ringelmann effect are important psychological points to take in as a sports leader, as this involves Participants not putting in as much effort, as they should. And this sort of behaviour is must be recognise in a group, as participants may have lack of motivation, no real purpose and their performance will dropped down.
This is an important factor as if sports leader didn’t behave like a guardian, then children may be at risk of hurting themselves and doing things that they are not supposed to be doing. And this will then result in the child changing and start misbehave outside the sessions and this will reflect on the sports leader, so behaving like a guardian is a good way to look after and teach the children new things at the same time and this will benefit the child and this will then influence the success of the sport leader and the parents may therefore want their child to come back. An example would be Brendon Rodgers (Liverpool Manager, who had a lot of success with his former club Swansea and he feel s that [22] “Every player I see as my own son,” he said. “I want to do the very best for them. I want to be able to push them in their lives so they can do it for their children. We do everything in life for our kids. I don’t want to ever miss the chance of letting players understand that this is why we do it.” This message he said is part of his philosophy and this has led to his success so far over the years and now he wants to employ that idealism into Liverpool and this an example of a successful sport leader, who has proven his greatness by former club Swansea City A.F.C being the first Welsh club to enter the Premier League. This is a huge achievement, that couldn’t have been done without behaving like a guardian toward his players. However, he lacks what Alex Ferguson has, which is experience, as Alex Ferguson has won more trophies than Brendon Rodgers and Alex has the experience to back that up and also Alex has more experience in the pro game, as he has played in the pro game longer than Brendon Rodgers, so that is also a big bonus.In Cohesion, Social Loafing and The Ringelmann effect are important psychological points to take in as a sports leader, as this involves Participants not putting in as much effort, as they should. And this sort of behaviour is must be recognise in a group, as participants may have lack of motivation, no real purpose and their performance will dropped down. An example would be Roberto Mancini (Man city Manager), who also has attained a good level of success recently from wining the Barclays [20] “premier league” for the “first time since 1968.” A huge achievement for manager, and this was achieved by Mancini using his skill to create both social and task cohesion, so that the players can get along and do well at the same time, as mancicn had so many good players like Tevez, Arguero, David Silva, etc. so he need to form a way of cohesion in order for the team mates o be satisfied and this was the case, as is why he has attained this level of success.
Development of cohesion in a group is also important as there are four development stages, which are forming, this is the first stage when a group first comes to together and review each other’s strength and weakness and if they actually fit in the group, storming I when a conflict arises and this make be created by individuals in the group, who questions other group member r leader, and this is result of demands from team members or leader or just wanting a more important role in the team. Even though conflict is negative, it I also a positive as by arguing it releases al the bad energy that was stored I them and they can then go to the next stage of group development, which is norming, and this is the stage when a finally sort to work towards too close to a goal, as their team cohesion is still developing, the respect for each other starts to increase and player are expected to take more responsibility for their actions and finally performing is the last part of the development stage and this involves the group working without conflict in the hope of reaching their goals and achievement, also the group is more developed in away where they don’t need any supervision and can make the own decision. An example would be Roberto Mancini (Man city Manager), who also has attained a good level of success recently from wining the Barclays [20] “premier league” for the “first time since 1968.” A huge achievement for manager, and this was achieved by Mancini using his skill to create both social and task cohesion, so that the players can get along and do well at the same time, as mancicn had so many good players like Tevez, Arguero, David Silva, etc. so he need to form a way of cohesion in order for the team mates o be satisfied and this was the case, as is why he has attained this level of success.
Development of cohesion in a group is also important as there are four development stages, which are forming, this is the first stage when a group first comes to together and review each other’s strength and weakness and if they actually fit in the group, storming I when a conflict arises and this make be created by individuals in the group, who questions other group member r leader, and this is result of demands from team members or leader or just wanting a more important role in the team. Even though conflict is negative, it I also a positive as by arguing it releases al the bad energy that was stored I them and they can then go to the next stage of group development, which is norming, and this is the stage when a finally sort to work towards too close to a goal, as their team cohesion is still developing, the respect for each other starts to increase and player are expected to take more responsibility for their actions and finally performing is the last part of the development stage and this involves the group working without conflict in the hope of reaching their goals and achievement, also the group is more developed in away where they don’t need any supervision and can make the own decision.
Also, the RingelMann effect is quite similar to social loafing, but in fact this case is worse, as if sports leaders do not pay attention to their participants, they may not try anymore and as the group gets larger, athletes can hide behind other athletes and not get noticed. An example would be my cousin, who is a coach for a local team. I have noticed since he is the one that coaches my little brother. He doesn’t take notice of that may people and I’ve found out that my little brother was one of the, as when I came to watch him in a match he was like the of odd one out and this is all down to the coach not having the confidence to speak up and get all the kids playing and trying their hardest. I came to watch a training session, and examine that my cousin had no idea that some children didn’t want to perform well because of the others around and how well they were excelling made them feel as if they are not good enough to try and I spoke to one of the kids and this was the case.
Task Cohesion and Social cohesion are two points that may hinder success or failure. As task “cohesion is a where groups work together to achieve a goal or objectivity and this is much related to professional team sport. Social Cohesion is where team members participant are not because they want to gain something or win everything, but to enjoy each other’s company and get to socialise with others. There are four factors that affected team cohesion, and one is the environment, as if a group is smaller, this usually led to be cohesive and better interaction with ach others forming a string relationship with each other. Also Personal Factor is important as if people are coming along with different background and different attitude, then team cohesion wouldn’t be the case, but if they did share similar ideas or commitment and have motivation, then the group member’s may become more cohesive. Leadership is an important factor as coaches need to lead and guide these groups and this will be determine by the sports leader’s qualities, characteristics and roles whether the group is cohesive or not. Team factors is the key, as the whole groups determine the success or failure of the group itself, so it’s down to participating together for a while, and if this is the case then they group will be more cohesive an productive.
Also, the RingelMann effect is quite similar to social loafing, but in fact this case is worse, as if sports leaders do not pay attention to their participants, they may not try anymore and as the group gets larger, athletes can hide behind other athletes and not get noticed. An example would be my cousin, who is a coach for a local team. I have noticed since he is the one that coaches my little brother. He doesn’t take notice of that may people and I’ve found out that my little brother was one of the, as when I came to watch him in a match he was like the of odd one out and this is all down to the coach not having the confidence to speak up and get all the kids playing and trying their hardest. I came to watch a training session, and examine that my cousin had no idea that some children didn’t want to perform well because of the others around and how well they were excelling made them feel as if they are not good enough to try and I spoke to one of the kids and this was the case.
Task Cohesion and Social cohesion are two points that may hinder success or failure. As task “cohesion is a where groups work together to achieve a goal or objectivity and this is much related to professional team sport. Social Cohesion is where team members participant are not because they want to gain something or win everything, but to enjoy each other’s company and get to socialise with others. There are four factors that affected team cohesion, and one is the environment, as if a group is smaller, this usually led to be cohesive and better interaction with ach others forming a string relationship with each other. Also Personal Factor is important as if people are coming along with different background and different attitude, then team cohesion wouldn’t be the case, but if they did share similar ideas or commitment and have motivation, then the group member’s may become more cohesive. Leadership is an important factor as coaches need to lead and guide these groups and this will be determine by the sports leader’s qualities, characteristics and roles whether the group is cohesive or not. Team factors is the key, as the whole groups determine the success or failure of the group itself, so it’s down to participating together for a while, and if this is the case then they group will be more cohesive an productive.

Page 9

These key features, only a third of our players had, and the rest didn’t and this is where the coach comes in and helps, also a lot of the players felt shy and not confident in their abilities and this was also a contributing factor to us failing to finish in good position in the league. An example would be training, if our Barnet coach motivated and regain our confidence and identify whose feeling down and who’s in an emotion state, we would properly do better in the leagues and our team will have that sense of desire and regain back our confidence and also our perosnality will be built on winning and supporting every team member and from this will may have to succeeded and therefore have that hard working factor that will get us trophies, but unfortunately that was not the case with my coach. Throughout my football Academy experience I’ve had 6 coaches, I’ve acknowledged their abilities and how effective they’ve been towards me.
Motivation
Extrinsic Motivation is a way that sport leaders get children to do, and after they’ve done it they get a small prize or reward, but however, if this prizes or praise is giving out all the time, the participants might see it has useless and not really worth the effort. These kinds of ideas are what also make a great sports leader. This is important because of a child feels that they are not really gaining anything from participating in an activity, then spoon-feeding them with glory and praise and giving out prizes, will really pump them and get them enthusiastic this will therefore make the sessions more fun for them. If sports leader didn’t do this then the child would feel bored and give up and not come to the session again. An example of these sorts of sport leaders is my sister, who loves sport, as she does part time net ball. She had the ability to

These key features, only a third of our players had, and the rest didn’t and this is where the coach comes in and helps, also a lot of the players felt shy and not confident in their abilities and this was also a contributing factor to us failing to finish in good position in the league. An example would be training, if our Barnet coach motivated and regain our confidence and identify whose feeling down and who’s in an emotion state, we would properly do better in the leagues and our team will have that sense of desire and regain back our confidence and also our perosnality will be built on winning and supporting every team member and from this will may have to succeeded and therefore have that hard working factor that will get us trophies, but unfortunately that was not the case with my coach. Throughout my football Academy experience I’ve had 6 coaches, I’ve acknowledged their abilities and how effective they’ve been towards me.
Motivation
Extrinsic Motivation is a way that sport leaders get children to do, and after they’ve done it they get a small prize or reward, but however, if this prizes or praise is giving out all the time, the participants might see it has useless and not really worth the effort. These kinds of ideas are what also make a great sports leader. This is important because of a child feels that they are not really gaining anything from participating in an activity, then spoon-feeding them with glory and praise and giving out prizes, will really pump them and get them enthusiastic this will therefore make the sessions more fun for them. If sports leader didn’t do this then the child would feel bored and give up and not come to the session again. An example of these sorts of sport leaders is my sister, who loves sport, as she does part time net ball. She had the ability to

and no amount of experimentation seemed to help the coach settle on a favourite first XI.” This was early in his years as manager and as a result he was striped for his job as Besiktas J.K Manager. As the way he managed the team had a big impact on them, as they were losing too many matches.

Personality
Also, confidence is essential, as you need to understand the participant’s personality or character, in order to carry out a session. By this I mean understanding the emotions and nature of the person and try and find a suitable activity that suits them. So for example there may be a child that is very shy and not confident in himself and there may be a lot of kids that are confident in their ability, it is then the sports leader job to have the confidence and agency to separate these groups, so everyone is best suited to a session, where they can have fun. Knowing someone’s personality is important, so that the sports leader can in a way help them to be more confident in themselves by them socialise with others and getting to know his groups. This will then build his/her confidence up. An example is during my time as a youngster in Barnet Academy, I have come to a conclusion that I would have almost quit football, if it wasn’t for my luck getting scouted by QPR. As the coach was good at what he did, he was calm, composed and helped improve us technically as footballers and this was a bonus factor, but unfortunately, we didn’t do well in the youth leagues as we finished 6th, when our initially target was at least 3rd and this wasn’t because the coach wasn’t good enough, it was the fact that the team lacked self-belief, desire and eagerness.

and no amount of experimentation seemed to help the coach settle on a favourite first XI.” This was early in his years as manager and as a result he was striped for his job as Besiktas J.K Manager. As the way he managed the team had a big impact on them, as they were losing too many matches.

Personality
Also, confidence is essential, as you need to understand the participant’s personality or character, in order to carry out a session. By this I mean understanding the emotions and nature of the person and try and find a suitable activity that suits them. So for example there may be a child that is very shy and not confident in himself and there may be a lot of kids that are confident in their ability, it is then the sports leader job to have the confidence and agency to separate these groups, so everyone is best suited to a session, where they can have fun. Knowing someone’s personality is important, so that the sports leader can in a way help them to be more confident in themselves by them socialise with others and getting to know his groups. This will then build his/her confidence up. An example is during my time as a youngster in Barnet Academy, I have come to a conclusion that I would have almost quit football, if it wasn’t for my luck getting scouted by QPR. As the coach was good at what he did, he was calm, composed and helped improve us technically as footballers and this was a bonus factor, but unfortunately, we didn’t do well in the youth leagues as we finished 6th, when our initially target was at least 3rd and this wasn’t because the coach wasn’t good enough, it was the fact that the team lacked self-belief, desire and eagerness.

An example would be Vicente Del Bosque, the Spanish National Football Team Manager, has gain quite a lot of success of the periods as manager of Spain national team. The Spanish National team was mostly made up of Barcelona and Real Madrid Players, over the history of the Copa Del Rey, the has always been a huge rivalry between the two teams and sometimes this has led to fights and conflicts, but somehow the Spain Manager has made all his players get along regardless of what happened before, and this is evident because they won the EURO 2012 and previous years they won the World Cup, which was all down to the Spain manger forming a way of cohesion, so that the players can perform to the best of abilities and just get along, so mostly task cohesion was employed in this aspect and this has led to the national team success. However, Del Bosque was unsuccessful at Besiktas J.K (a Turkish Football Team), as he did [21] “not help his cause by playing players out of position in order to shoehorn his squad into his preferred formation. Ibrahim Toraman did not work well as a right-back, Okan Buruk was not a natural in the centre of midfield,
An example would be Vicente Del Bosque, the Spanish National Football Team Manager, has gain quite a lot of success of the periods as manager of Spain national team. The Spanish National team was mostly made up of Barcelona and Real Madrid Players, over the history of the Copa Del Rey, the has always been a huge rivalry between the two teams and sometimes this has led to fights and conflicts, but somehow the Spain Manager has made all his players get along regardless of what happened before, and this is evident because they won the EURO 2012 and previous years they won the World Cup, which was all down to the Spain manger forming a way of cohesion, so that the players can perform to the best of abilities and just get along, so mostly task cohesion was employed in this aspect and this has led to the national team success. However, Del Bosque was unsuccessful at Besiktas J.K (a Turkish Football Team), as he did [21] “not help his cause by playing players out of position in order to shoehorn his squad into his preferred formation. Ibrahim Toraman did not work well as a right-back, Okan Buruk was not a natural in the centre of midfield,

Page 10

somehow get children energised and willing to participate in the sport sessions, she would give out toys, footballs, t-shirts and praises. Fortunately, her ideas worked and lots of children came to her sessions because they knew if they participate they may get a prize and this made it fun for the children, and more children told their friends about these prizes and this has led to her success has a sport leader, as she has motivated the children and made the session entertaining and engaging for them. However, the problem was that these prizes caused disruption and jealousy. As some children were jealous that they didn’t get a prize and they would steal it from each other and this led to arguments and frustration, despite this was not usually the case, as this was the first time my sister experienced arguments and stealing from people in her sessions. So properly giving out too less prizes wasn’t really ideal, giving out more would have helped keep the children happy and satisfied. somehow get children energised and willing to participate in the sport sessions, she would give out toys, footballs, t-shirts and praises. Fortunately, her ideas worked and lots of children came to her sessions because they knew if they participate they may get a prize and this made it fun for the children, and more children told their friends about these prizes and this has led to her success has a sport leader, as she has motivated the children and made the session entertaining and engaging for them. However, the problem was that these prizes caused disruption and jealousy. As some children were jealous that they didn’t get a prize and they would steal it from each other and this led to arguments and frustration, despite this was not usually the case, as this was the first time my sister experienced arguments and stealing from people in her sessions. So properly giving out too less prizes wasn’t really ideal, giving out more would have helped keep the children happy and satisfied.
Stress

Sports leaders must have an idea of how people cope with thing do what way they work to better themselves. Some people may need stress management in order to stay on top of their game. Also, some people may perform better when under stress and this stress, known as eustress, is where the participant’s is in a stressful situation where they work their hardest and really push their ability to their limit. Also, some people perform very poorly when they are stress out and this then leads to decrease in performance level. Distress is the bad form of stress and this is a form where you’re scared and apprehensive, and not stressfully pushing you limit. This is important as sports leaders need to understand the needs of people mental state and if they are stress out they needed to be mentored and relieved of their stress and thus help them achieve their full potential. An example is my cousin, who was a great footballer and now manages a Sunday league adult team. He has previously let me come training for his team.
Stress

Sports leaders must have an idea of how people cope with thing do what way they work to better themselves. Some people may need stress management in order to stay on top of their game. Also, some people may perform better when under stress and this stress, known as eustress, is where the participant’s is in a stressful situation where they work their hardest and really push their ability to their limit. Also, some people perform very poorly when they are stress out and this then leads to decrease in performance level. Distress is the bad form of stress and this is a form where you’re scared and apprehensive, and not stressfully pushing you limit. This is important as sports leaders need to understand the needs of people mental state and if they are stress out they needed to be mentored and relieved of their stress and thus help them achieve their full potential. An example is my cousin, who was a great footballer and now manages a Sunday league adult team. He has previously let me come training for his team.
Intrinsic is a type of motivation that’s involves participating in a session, but not ask or want a physical award for it, but the fact that they enjoy it is the prize itself. So in a sense these people are doing these sessions for themselves, not because they get a prize. This is important because some people want to be pushed or learn new techniques and as a result they will enjoy it and feel the benefits. An example would be my uncle, who is a Barnet football academy coach, he was the one that pushed me too pursue a career in football, so he brought me down to training, when I was 10 years old, and he would tell me that I should not play football to get rewards and praise from, the coach but to better myself and improve to make it as a professional footballer. He would use these motivation techniques and words to inspire me, as my uncle was a former Professional footballer, so he knows what he is talking about. This led to most of my former Barnet players going to from league two football academy to premier league academy. This just shows what motivation can do, and this then led my uncle to be a coach at Reading FC (a premier league, a massive achievement, al down to motivating your participants and making sure they are enjoying what they do.
Intrinsic is a type of motivation that’s involves participating in a session, but not ask or want a physical award for it, but the fact that they enjoy it is the prize itself. So in a sense these people are doing these sessions for themselves, not because they get a prize. This is important because some people want to be pushed or learn new techniques and as a result they will enjoy it and feel the benefits. An example would be my uncle, who is a Barnet football academy coach, he was the one that pushed me too pursue a career in football, so he brought me down to training, when I was 10 years old, and he would tell me that I should not play football to get rewards and praise from, the coach but to better myself and improve to make it as a professional footballer. He would use these motivation techniques and words to inspire me, as my uncle was a former Professional footballer, so he knows what he is talking about. This led to most of my former Barnet players going to from league two football academy to premier league academy. This just shows what motivation can do, and this then led my uncle to be a coach at Reading FC (a premier league, a massive achievement, al down to motivating your participants and making sure they are enjoying what they do.

Page 11

I enjoyed playing with older players. But I found out that a lot of the players were stressed out and unmotivated. Even though my cousin was a great coach and was very approachable with the players. Yet the adult players were stress out about making it as a professional footballer because they were mostly 20 to 23 years old and they thought that it was too late to make it, my cousin and the ability and skill to tell them a special message that “it’s never too late” and with this he did his best to relieve their stress by telling everyone what they need to work on and by trying to get scouts to watch them play. This thus made them feel calm and had a feel of eustress rather than distress. Luckily, three players got scouted to Brentford, as a result and this proves that even with the lack of attention to the adult footballer, my cousin still had the social skills and the approachability factor to come forward and speak up if they are in a stress out situation.
I enjoyed playing with older players. But I found out that a lot of the players were stressed out and unmotivated. Even though my cousin was a great coach and was very approachable with the players. Yet the adult players were stress out about making it as a professional footballer because they were mostly 20 to 23 years old and they thought that it was too late to make it, my cousin and the ability and skill to tell them a special message that “it’s never too late” and with this he did his best to relieve their stress by telling everyone what they need to work on and by trying to get scouts to watch them play. This thus made them feel calm and had a feel of eustress rather than distress. Luckily, three players got scouted to Brentford, as a result and this proves that even with the lack of attention to the adult footballer, my cousin still had the social skills and the approachability factor to come forward and speak up if they are in a stress out situation.
Arousal is a mental state of preparing someone for an activity and thus helping them progress in a way. Sport leaders need to prepare the participants for success. For example my friend was a motivator as well as sport leader, he had the skill to prepare people for action and help them achieve their goals in the sessions. This was very important as some of the kids didn’t know that they were in for. By my friend employing arousal he got the message across of preparing and this rally benefitted the group. He was less successful as he didn’t know people ability and who was eager to succeed. He usually would not get to know anyone mental state and how they are feeling he would just kick straight into the session this was something that he need to improve on, he need to get to know how people are feeling about certain stuff when preparing for actions.
Arousal is a mental state of preparing someone for an activity and thus helping them progress in a way. Sport leaders need to prepare the participants for success. For example my friend was a motivator as well as sport leader, he had the skill to prepare people for action and help them achieve their goals in the sessions. This was very important as some of the kids didn’t know that they were in for. By my friend employing arousal he got the message across of preparing and this rally benefitted the group. He was less successful as he didn’t know people ability and who was eager to succeed. He usually would not get to know anyone mental state and how they are feeling he would just kick straight into the session this was something that he need to improve on, he need to get to know how people are feeling about certain stuff when preparing for actions.
Anxiety and Arousal is the last stress related factor. Anxiety is an emotional factor, which involves the feeling of negativity, apprehensiveness. If a person is anxious and worried about a football match because a lot of football scouts will be watching. They may go to the football match and not perform to the best of their ability because they are constantly thinking about if they mess up in front of the football scouts; this will thus result in a lower performance level. This is important as if a sport leader does not have the awareness to notice anxious participant, this may ruin the session and this may also result in a more uncomfortable, boring session for the anxious individual. For example, my cousin, a sports leader had a lot of shy, anxious little kids in his sessions, he would have the skill to calm them down and make them think positively rather than negatively. This led to a more stress relieve session, as he said the “no one is perfect, just have fun”, this skill of free people from stress, but instead turn all the negative points into positive points. Even though he had this skill, he still struggled to cheer up people who were stress out about themselves, as some of them saw themselves as a not well at anything. This resulted in conflicts as more children become more stressed out and they may not come to their session again. The sports leader will have a bad image laid on them.
Anxiety and Arousal is the last stress related factor. Anxiety is an emotional factor, which involves the feeling of negativity, apprehensiveness. If a person is anxious and worried about a football match because a lot of football scouts will be watching. They may go to the football match and not perform to the best of their ability because they are constantly thinking about if they mess up in front of the football scouts; this will thus result in a lower performance level. This is important as if a sport leader does not have the awareness to notice anxious participant, this may ruin the session and this may also result in a more uncomfortable, boring session for the anxious individual. For example, my cousin, a sports leader had a lot of shy, anxious little kids in his sessions, he would have the skill to calm them down and make them think positively rather than negatively. This led to a more stress relieve session, as he said the “no one is perfect, just have fun”, this skill of free people from stress, but instead turn all the negative points into positive points. Even though he had this skill, he still struggled to cheer up people who were stress out about themselves, as some of them saw themselves as a not well at anything. This resulted in conflicts as more children become more stressed out and they may not come to their session again. The sports leader will have a bad image laid on them.

Page 12

Page 13
My Reference 1.) Shane Farrington. (4/09/12). Chairman Hill-Wood: ‘Wenger’s had a bigger impact on Arsenal than Sir Alex Ferguson has on Manchester United’. Available: http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/85/england/2012/09/04/3354041/chairman-hill-wood-wengers-had-a-bigger-impact-on-arsenal. Last accessed 30 Sept 2012

2.) SPORTSMAIL REPORTER. (3/11/11). The Famous Five - Manchester United's greatest achievements under Ferguson. Available: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2055317/Sir-Alex-Fergusons-greatest-Manchester-United-achievements.html. Last accessed 30th Sept 2012

3.) Mark Ogden. (16/08/12). Robin van Persie to make Manchester United debut at Everton, says Sir Alex Ferguson, as Arsenal deal agreed. Available: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/manchester-united/9480031/Robin-van-Persie-to-make-Manchester-United-debut-at-Everton-says-Sir-Alex-Ferguson-as-Arsenal-deal-agreed.html. Last accessed 30th Sept 2012.

4.) FootballCollage. (14/08/12). Arsene Wenger’s Hat Is Still As Magic As Ever. Available: http://football247now.com/2012/08/14/arsene-wengers-hat-is-still-as-magic-as-ever/. Last accessed 30 Sept 2012.

5.) David Conn. (4/07/12). Glazers' plans to float Manchester United make the heart sink. Available: http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/blog/2012/jul/04/manchester-united-glazers-shares-debt. Last accessed 30 Sept 2012.

6.) Terra. (18/08/12). Jose Mourinho: I have no interest in talking about Barcelona. Available: http://sports.terra.com/soccer/jose-mourinho-i-have-no-interest-in-talking-about-barcelona,9eeff77b9d539310VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html. Last accessed 1th Oct 2012.

7.) SPORTSMAIL REPORTER. (02/05/12). Mourinho wins seventh title with fourth club as Real wrestle back La Liga crown . Available: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2138625/Real-Madrid-win-La-Liga.html. Last accessed 1th Oct 2012.

8.) Joe McPhee. (21/09/12). Chelsea boss Di Matteo dismisses Gullit criticism of Torres. Available: http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/85/england/2012/09/21/3394172/chelsea-boss-di-matteo-dismisses-gullit-criticism-of-torres. Last accessed 1th Oct 2012.

9.) Martin Lipton. (12/03/12). Di Matteo tears up AVB's Chelsea plans. Available: http://www.mirrorfootball.co.uk/news/Chelsea-Roberto-Di-Matteo-tears-up-Andre-Villas-Boas-plans-moves-training-to-tea-time-from-morning-ahead-of-Napoli-Champions-league-match-article877418.html. Last accessed 1th Oct 2012.

10.) Phil McNulty. (20/05/12). Di Matteo quiet on Chelsea future after Champions League win. Available: http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/18134600. Last accessed 1th Oct 2012.

11.) Jeremy Wilson. (07/07/12). Chelsea boss Roberto Di Matteo believes Frank Lampard has long future at club. Available: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/chelsea/9383707/Chelsea-boss-Roberto-Di-Matteo-believes-Frank-Lampard-has-long-future-at-club.html. Last accessed 1th Oct 2012.

12.) Mark Adams (2010). Sport Level 3 Book 2. Pearson Education Limited: Edexcel. Page 58

13.) NATASHA DIERGAARDT. (26/09/12). Hamukwaya: The coach behind Benson’s success. Available: http://www.namibian.com.na/news/full-story/archive/2012/september/article/hamukwaya-the-coach-behind-bensons-success/. Last accessed 3rd Oct 2012.

14.) Subhankar Mondal. (29/09/12). Gareth Bale: 'Andre Villas-Boas is very approachable'. Available: http://www.sportsmole.co.uk/football/spurs/news/bale-impressed-with-avb_47448.html. Last accessed 3rd Oct 2012.

15.) Mark Adams (2010). Sport Level 3 Book 2. Pearson Education Limited: Edexcel. Page 60
16) Inside Spanish Football. (30/03/12). Pep Guardiola’s Dilemma.Available: http://www.insidespanishfootball.com/the-white-hanky-pep-guardiolas-dilemma/. Last accessed 3rd Oct 2012.
17.) Mr.SelfDevelopment . (21/04/11). The 5 Keys to Success. Available:http://www.pickthebrain.com/blog/the-5-keys-to-success/. Last accessed 3rd Oct 2012.
18.)
19.)
20.) Jacob Steinberg. (13/05/12). Manchester City v QPR – as it happened.Available:http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2012/may/13/manchester-city-qpr-live-premier-league. Last accessed 3rd Oct 2012.

Page 15

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Muscles

...Ashley Weiss Chapter 9 / 10 quiz 1. The thick filament which contain myosin are located in the H zone, M line and part of the A zone which is what is used for muscle contraction. The thin filaments consist of two strands of actin subunits twisted into a helix plus to types of regulatory proteins; troponin and tropomyosin. The sarcomere is the contractile unit, which is composed of myofilaments which also contain the A band, I band, H zone, Z disk and M line. Myofibrils are rod like contractile elements that occupy most if the muscle cell volume. Composed of saromeres arranged end to end they appear banded. The muscle fiber which is composed of many microfibrils is enclosed in endomysium and under that is the sarcolemma which houses the nuclei. Tendons connect muscles to their bony origins and insertions. Aponeuroses are layers of flat connective tissue (fascia) separating muscles from each other. The SR contain mitochondria and glycogen granules stored in the sarcoplasm which are involved in producing the energy for contraction. The fascicle is composed of many muscle fibers and is enclosed in the perimysium; the muscle is composed of many fascicles and is enclosed in the epimysium. The tubules of the sarcoplasmic reticulum have sac like terminal cisterns and the T tubules run between those. Spots that contain a t tubule and 2 terminal cisterns are called a triad. An action potential is carried down the sarcolemma to the neuromuscular junction . There are very many...

Words: 1148 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Muscle Failure

...SHARP AND STRONG >> GX FITNESS OPERATION Part 1 of 3, Fixed Circuit Fitness Training By SSG Ken and Stephanie Weichert RAPID RESPONSE™ ARE) (OPR HOOAH! SSG Ken and Stephanie Weichert 72 | GX VOL 5 : ISSUE 3 EVAN BAINES / ILLUSTRATION BY SEAMAS GALLAGHER, NICOLE SYLVESTER DEAR SGT KEN AND STEPHANIE, Hello, there! I have been following your workouts for a while. They are great! I am curre ntly stationed in Balad, Iraq. I am looking to strive for a 300 on my next APFT. I am wonderin g if you can give me some tips on how to reac ha 300 and help with losing about 10 lbs. I am 25 year s old. My goal is to get read y for both Warrant and Jump schools when I get back to the U.S. Thanks! —SG T James Ruks DEAR SGT RUKS, Hello! Thanks for the compliment! Your question is one of the most popular we receive: “How do I lose weight and get in better physical condition in a short period of time?” One way to accomplish this is by fitness circuits. We find that circuits are a great way to breathe new life into your workout routine. Operation Rapid Response (OPRARE) is a three-part answer to your question. In this issue, you will endure a full-body, military-style, 25-, 35- or 45-minute fixed circuit with no equipment that you can perform in a small space with other people or by yourself. We recommend adding OPRARE, part 1 of 3, to your fitness schedule at least twice a week for the next 30 days. OPRARE part 2 of 3 will include a free circuit performed with exercise equipment...

Words: 2013 - Pages: 9

Free Essay

Cardiac Muscle

...Cardiac Muscle Tissue and It’s Function There are different types of muscle tissue in the body. I will be focusing on cardiac muscle tissue and its functions. Cardiac muscle is located in the heart wall and its major function is to pump blood throughout the body. If you were to put cardiac muscle and skeletal side by side you would see that cardiac muscle fibers are shorter in length and less circular. They are described as: “Branched striated fibers with usually only one centrally located nucleus (occasionally two). (Jenkins&Tortora,(2012) p. 132) Cardiac muscle fibers connect to each other by intercalated discs. Intercalated disc are “Transverse thickenings of plasma membrane called intercalated disc which contain desmosomes and gap junctions.” (Jenkins&Tortora,(2012) p. 132) Desmosomes are the glue of the cardiac muscle they hold it together even through constant athletic movement. For example exercise, if there were no desmosomes in the cardiac muscle it would simple fall apart then minute you jumped on a treadmill or began and exercise routine. “Desmsomes strengthen tissues and hold fibers together during vigorous contractions.” (Jenkins&Tortora,(2012) p. 132) Gap junctions make it possible for action potentials to move through one muscle fiber to the next. “Gap junctions provide route for quick conduction of electrical signals throughout heart.” (Jenkins&Tortora,(2012) p. 132) We don’t have to tell our cardiac muscle to contract it does this all...

Words: 496 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Muscle Fatigue

...Muscle Fatigue: An Athletes Worst Nightmare Aschton Pitts English 101, Section 101 Ms. Kate Lavia-Bagley November 3, 2011 Muscle Fatigue: Chunks of bright green grass fly through the air. A man named Jimmy continuously digs his cleats into the ground. Jimmy is a professional soccer player who continuously strains his body to the max. He runs down a one-hundred-twenty yard field for ninety minutes straight-with little to no downtime. Blood, sweat and tears continuously drain from Jimmy as he constantly thrusts forward and accelerates to where he needs to be. Dribbling a ball down the field past defenders, while trying to focus on proper motion and footwork can be crazy. As he drives onward with dreams of a hatched white nylon in his future he keeps pushing. This starts to take a toll on Jimmy’s muscle groups. Lactic acid continues to build up in his abdominals and legs. Jimmy’s mind starts to wander as he thinks about his current exhaustion and fatigue. His rationale and decision making come into question by not only his coach but by his teammates as well. As the game wears on, Jimmy keeps pushing exerting energy with all his might. There then comes a point where his muscular frame cannot take the stress of physical activity anymore and he collapses. What is there to be done about the fatigue an endurance sport like this takes on his muscles, especially the brain? What elements fight against muscle fatigue, and what happens in their absence...

Words: 1417 - Pages: 6

Free Essay

Muscle Soreness

...Tamara Maxwell Muscle Soreness In The Arm October 4, 2015 Basic Weight Training I Monday 9:00-9:50 In life people get older as they continue to grow and start to have soreness on their body. Soreness does not only occur to older people, younger citizens also go through problems. Children have more arm problems because they are more active than adults and their bones and muscles grow more quickly. This comes from continuous exercise without resting. Your body should get a certain amount of hours of sleep before you start another session. Minor arm problems, such as sore muscles, are common. These problems may be minor or serious swelling or cramps are some symptoms of the problems. You should avoid things that causes swelling such as hot shower, hot tubs and alcoholic beverages. After a couple of days if swelling is gone, apply heat and start a gentle exercise. Most times the pain let you know that you’re getting a good exercise in. It’s always a good thing that people workout you just have to pace yourself and not go to fast. Once your muscles start to swell you should apply an ice pack so it won’t continue and stop the pain. Treatments for arm pain caused by infection may include warm compresses and antibiotics. Elevation of the affected area can also keep it from swelling. A massage on the area can relieve the pain but do not if it hurt when you touch it. Your muscles are a major part of the body and they are used for everything that you do, so they might tight...

Words: 450 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Muscle Types

...you have more than 600 muscles in your body, there are only three types of muscle: smooth, cardiac and skeletal. Each muscle helps to keep you in motion, your heart beating or signal a natural response in your body, such as the ability to keep your eyes focused. Smooth Muscle Smooth muscles are also known as involuntary muscles, meaning a person cannot physically will them to move. Instead, smooth muscles are controlled by involuntary responses in the brain and body. One example of smooth muscle is the digestive system, where muscles in the esophagus contract to move food down to the stomach and tighten when you have an illness that causes you to vomit. Other examples of smooth muscle include the uterus, the bladder and the muscle behind the eyes that keeps your eyes focused. In terms of appearance, smooth muscles are long, thin-shaped cells attached to bones in the body. Smooth muscles are also found in the blood vessels, helping blood to move around the body. Cardiac Muscle Cardiac muscle is also known as myocardium. Similar to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle is an involuntary muscle. These muscles are thickened because they must contract frequently to move blood in and out of the heart. Cardiac muscle cells are quadrangular in terms of shape, and the muscles have striations resembling stripes or lines running through them. Skeletal Muscle Skeletal muscles are the voluntary muscles that allow you to control the movements of your body. Skeletal muscles also are striated and...

Words: 369 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Skeletal Muscle

...The human body is very complex and consists of various anatomical and physiological aspects. One such aspect that makes up the largest group of tissues in the body is muscle (Sherwood, 2013, p. 259). Muscles are identified as either striated or unstriated and either voluntary or involuntary. Of the various types of muscles, skeletal muscle contributes to 40% of the human body weight (Sherwood, 2013, p. 259). Skeletal muscle is controlled by the somatic nervous system, which means that it is a voluntary muscle. When considering appearance, it is a striated muscle meaning to say that it has alternating light and dark bands (Sherwood, 2013, p. 259). Skeletal muscle is made up several muscle fibers in which each muscle fiber consists of myofibrils,...

Words: 599 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Skeletal Muscles

...1-Why do skeletal muscles enter in a contracted state called “rigor mortis” a few hours    after death and last for up to 72 hours? Skeletal muscle enter a contracted state called rigor mortis because the skeletal muscles are only able to partly contract. The muscles are not able to relax, so the joints are fixed in place. Rigor mortis can be used to help estimate the time of an individual’s death. The onset of rigor mortis may range from ten minutes to several hours. Maximum stiffness is reached around 12-24 hours after death. 2-You are watching a football game and suddenly, a player falls to the ground without any other player touching or tackling him? Explain what happens and why? A football player falls to the ground without any other player touching or tackling him because he had a muscle cramp. Muscle cramps can happen without muscle injury. They are involuntarily and forcibly contracted muscle that does not relax. Muscle cramps can be due to poor blood cicculation in the legs, overexertion of the calf muscles while exercising, insufficient stretching before exercising, muscle fatigue, dehydration, or magnesium and potassium deficiency. 3-Every year in March, the LA Marathon gathers a big crowd and lots of participants.    In the middle of the run, you notice that some players fall to the ground, although they    Had a good start and seemed to be the favorites. Why did this happen and what is the    explanation of this occurrence? Although they had...

Words: 303 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Muscle Contraction

...group’s objective was to measure the force output in the unit of Newtons (N) and Electromyography (EMG) output of an isometric hand contraction squeezing a ball in four varying wrist angles. This experiment was created with the intention to help us better understand how muscle force varies when muscle length varies. The title of the experiment is the “Length-Tension Experiment”. The Length-Tension relationship in anatomy refers to how the number of crossbridges depends on the amount of overlap between thick and thin fibers. Optimum amount of overlap will result in the greatest amount of tension. The optimum amount of overlap can be determined by the length of the sacromeres when the muscle is contracted. If the muscles are too stretched when contraction occurs, myosin will pull away from the actin and prevent cross bridge formation. Conversely, if muscles/sacromeres are too short at contraction cannot conduct signal efficiently because the crowded thin filaments disrupt the t-tubule’s arrangement in the myofibers. It is also essential to comprehend the relationship between myosin and actin. Myosin (thick filaments in sacromere) grabs onto actin (thin filaments in sacromere) and pulls, creating tension in the muscle. The contraction is caused by the previously described interaction between actin and myosin, resulting in the thin filaments being pulled closer to the M line of the sacromere, widening the zone of overlap between the two more and more until the sacromeres are fully shortened...

Words: 425 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Muscle Contraction

...Muscle tissue of animals consists of many different proteins that create the substance of meat, which is regularly consumed by humans. Muscle contraction results predominantly from the interaction of two prevalent proteins, actin and myosin. Actin and myosin help form the muscle fibers that cause the muscles to contract. These two proteins make up the structure of muscles that is collectively found in all animals. When these two proteins are heated they begin to break down and denature. Myosin breaks down and denatures at a temperature of 104F in fish and 122F in meat (Potter, 2010). The break down of myosin renderers the substance being cooked, appetizing and palatable. Actin denatures around 150F in meat and in fish around 140F. (Potter,...

Words: 673 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Muscle Spindles

...1. Muscle spindles - Provide sensory information about changes in muscle length and tension of muscle fibres - They primarily respond to any stretch of a muscle and, through reflex response, initiate a stronger muscle action to reduce the stretch - Two sensory afferent fibres and one motor efferent fibre services the spindle 2. Golgi Tendon Organs - Golgi tendon organ connects up to 25 extrafusual fibres near the tendon’s junction to the muscle - Golgi tendon organs discharge impulses under two conditions: - 1: in response to tension created in the muscle when it shortens - 2: in response to tension when muscle is stretched passively - When stimulated the Golgi receptors conduct their signals rapidly into the spinal cord to elicit reflex inhibition of the muscles they supply -...

Words: 293 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Frog Skeletal Muscle

...Frog Skeletal Muscle S ta rted 2:10 p m Au g 4, 2014 Exercise 1: T witch Recruitment Using the Ho rizo ntal Co mpressio n butto ns and the scro ll bar, display the data yo u wish to include in yo ur repo rt. 1. As yo u increase vo ltage to the muscle describe ho w it respo nds to the increased stimulus. Answer St udy Quest ions 2. What was the smallest vo ltage required to pro duce a co ntractio n (the thresho ld vo ltage)? What pro po rtio n o f the fibers in the muscle do yo u think were co ntracting to pro duce this small respo nse? Answer 3. What was the smallest vo ltage required to pro duce the maximum (largest) co ntractio n? What pro po rtio n o f the fibers in the muscle do yo u think were co ntracting to pro duce this maximal respo nse? Answer 4. What do yo u co nclude happened to the number o f fibers co ntracting as the vo ltage was raised fro m thresho ld to that required to pro duce a maximal co ntractio n? Answer 5. In light o f the all o r no ne law o f muscle co ntractio n, ho w can yo u explain the graded respo nse? Answer Exercise 2: Effects of Stretch Using the Ho rizo ntal Co mpressio n butto ns and the scro ll bar, display the data yo u wish to include in yo ur repo rt. 6. Describe ho w the iso lated muscle behaved as it was stretched pro gressively. Answer St udy Quest ions 7. What effect do es stretching the muscle have o n co ntractio n strength? Is this effect linear? Answer 8. What stretch resulted in...

Words: 664 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Muscle Cars

...Muscle Cars It has been said that racing began once the second car was built. NASCAR started the “race” of the American muscle car in 1947. Due to the growing interest in power and speed, General Motors introduced the 1949 Oldsmobile Rocket 88. America’s first high compression overhead-valve V8 was put into the light body of the Oldsmobile, creating the first muscle car. American’s take pride in owning the biggest, most eccentric vehicles. Due to the gas prices in other countries such as Europe and Asia, they are less likely able to afford these large, gas thirsty vehicles. Americans have been infatuated with making cars faster and even more powerful since the Rocket 88, therefore, the muscle car is a huge symbol of American culture. Muscle cars were being produced by many different manufacturers in the early 1950’s, including Chevrolet, Chrysler, Dodge, Ford and Pontiac. In the 1950’s bigger was considered better. These muscle cars gained weight and inches with every year that past. Gaining weight meant losing speed, the cars required larger engines, but still weren’t fast enough for the buying market. Each manufacturer had a different idea to enhance performance and boost power. Chevy only offered fuel injection, Pontiac offered fuel injection and “tri-power”, and Ford offered supercharging. Dodge went in at a different angle and offered a power up “D-500” engine for every 1956 model they had. In 1955, Chrysler C-300 AKA “America’s Most Powerful Car” became the star of NASCAR...

Words: 642 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Muscle Pain Case Study

...Four potential causes of muscle pain: tension- muscles of the body remain semi-contracted for an extended period; stress - pressure or tension exerted on a material object; overuse- the result of repetitive micro-trauma to the tendons, bones and joints; minor injuries- when the body sustains an insignificant injury Three Diagnostic Procedures used for muscle disorders: Electromyography (EMG)- uses small needle electrodes to measure the electrical currents in a muscle as it contracts; Muscle biopsy- requires the removal of a small piece of muscle tissue for microscopic analysis and the procedure is done either surgically, with an incision to expose the target muscle or with a needle; Genetic tests- using a blood sample, can analyze the person’s...

Words: 388 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Essay On Muscle Building Exercise

...Most Productive Muscle Building Exercises Detailed look at the most potent muscle building exercises, as well as a body part by body part breakdown. Stop wasting time in the gym and start getting results! Workout is made up of only so many sets and exercises. Constructing a workout without a purpose and without the use of the best available tools will only waste your time. If you want to gain muscle and strength at the fastest rate possible you will need to choose the best possible exercises. The following exercises are the best of the best. You will notice that they generally fall into three categories: 1. Barbell Exercises. 2. Dumbbell Exercises. 3. Body weight Exercises. When you begin to explore the muscle building workouts on Muscle &...

Words: 1139 - Pages: 5