...Kaemia Howard (19075564) Anatomy and Physiology The Aging Musculoskeletal System At the age of 84, your bones have taken a toll throughout your life time. This leaves you susceptible to a few bone diseases. Three of the most common diseases are Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Muscular Atrophy. With Osteoporosis, it is a disease in which bones become fragile and more likely to fracture. Usually the bone loses density, which measures the amount of calcium and minerals in the bone. Since our bones undergo bone remodeling quite often in the younger years we do not think of the potential or likelihood of being diagnosed with Osteoporosis or Osteoarthritis. However as we age our bones do not recover and remodel as fast, causing loss of bone density. The more mass that is “banked” when younger leads to the smaller risk of having the disease. Much like Osteoporosis is Osteoarthritis. The more wear and tear you put on your bones and joints the more susceptible you are to Osteoarthritis. With these disorders maintain a popular quo among the elderly; the future diagnosis is almost certain to happen. An 84 year old thin female has more than likely already been diagnosed with one of the two disorders, if not both. Osteoarthritis can be very painful and can on more than one occasion hinder any plans that have been set forth, from a trip to the grocery store or an entire vacation. This is especially true of those who have the arthritis in their hands, fingers and knees. The final...
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...The Aging Musculoskeletal System Osteoporosis is a condition where the bones become thinner and fragile because of low bone density. This condition puts people at risk of fractures. Men in women are both affected by osteoporosis, but women are affected more than men. Postmenopausal woman are more likely to develop the condition, this is an asymptomatic condition. Our 84 year small boned white female is a candidate for osteoporosis. The most common risk factors are small frame, gender, age, ethnicity, and genetics. (MacGill, 2015) Osteoarthritis mostly affects the joint; it is sometimes called the degenerative joint disease. Osteoarthritis is more common in older people. More men are affected than women with osteoarthritis. Younger people can develop the disease usually as a result of a joint injury, a joint malformation, or a genetic defect. In osteoarthritis, the surface layer of the cartilage breaks and wears away; this than allow the bones under the cartilage to rub together, causing pain, swelling and loss of motion of the joint. Joints that the disease affects most are the fingers, thumbs, neck, lower back, knees and hips. Stiffness, swelling and crunching feeling in the joints areas would be a signs of osteoarthritis. (Gayle Lester, Ph.D., Joan McGowan, Ph,D.,, 2013) Muscular Atrophy is the wasting or loss of muscle tissue. There are two types of muscle atrophy. Disuse atrophy is when the muscle is not being use enough; this type is reversible with exercise and better...
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...Health Issues in Aging The Aging Musculoskeletal System January 19, 2014 The human musculoskeletal system is the organ system that gives humans the ability to physically move, by using the muscles and skeletal system which, as the name implies consists of the muscular system and the human skeleton. Bones are connected to each other at the joints by ligaments or cartilage and skeletal muscle is attached to bones, usually by tendons. With advancing age, all tissues and organs suffer many changes in the normal way it functions and the muscles normally suffer the most damage. Research indicates that the aging of the musculoskeletal system starts usually after age 30 but it may start a little early or later in different individuals depending upon their genetic makeup ,dietary and environmental factors as well aslifestyle choices. Commonly Observed Changes Some of the most commonly observed changes in the anatomy and physiology of musculoskeletal system with aging are: a decrease in the total amount of muscle fibers due to the depressed productive capacity of cells to produce proteins. In addition, the size of muscles cells, fibers and tissue; this is also knownas generalized muscular atrophy. There is total loss of muscle bulk, power and strength of all major muscle groups like deltoids, biceps, triceps, hamstrings, and other major muscles. One can also expect wasting or wear and tear of the protective cartilage of joints that normally acts as a shock-absorber and gliding...
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...Inflammatory Musculoskeletal Diseases Name Instructor Institution Musculoskeletal disorders are common and they can affect different age groups, frequently causing disability and immobility. They cause discomfort or pain in the joints, bones and muscles. The disorders can range from being acute to chronic, diffuse or focal. The chances of a person developing musculoskeletal disorders increase with age, but they are more common among the elderly. The disorders can range from back pain and gout, as well as rheumatoid arthritis, musculoskeletal pain and tendinitis. Treatments vary depending on the age of the patient, and there is a need for physicians to intervene early before the disease progresses to ensure better chances of recovery. The physiology of aging is an important aspect of treatment for musculoskeletal problems. “Immunosenescence” is a term that refers to changes in the immune system which is characterized by declined cellular immunity resulting to increase in auto antibodies. T-cell and cytokine production also decrease. Aging results in musculoskeletal changes. The tendons, ligaments and where they attach to bonesfray and weaken; muscle mass, quality, and strength also lessen. The gait of a person with musculoskeletal problems changes with age; gait speed, stride length and step length are reduced ((Phyllis & Samuel, 2009). Treatment in older patients is risky because of polypharmacy where patients attend different...
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...now to our announcements: Do you ever wake up and think about your musculoskeletal system. Many of us don’t.... arthritis can be a part of not having a good skeletal system. Risk factors include age, joint injuries such as falls or sport playing, obesity, family history and sex. Females tend to have more problems than men.... Want to make sure we can have a healthy skeletal system as we get older.... then listen to this: Remember your mother telling you to always stand straight? Or if you were in the military how your drill sergeant would make you stand straight? Now that we are older in age, if we didn’t listen we sure our paying for it now. Our musculoskeletal system is our overall body and if we didn’t before, we need to take care of it now. There are many factors that we can take into consideration for healthy musculoskeletal system.... such as nutrition. Calcium is something we need. We can get this from green leafy vegetable and dairy. We can avoid the loss of calcium by avoiding sodas and coffee. We can also take vitamin d, magnesium and omega 3. Want to keep it natural. Yoga never sounded so good. Regular exercise and stretching such as yoga also helps us keep it healthy. So next time you walk buy and look at the yoga classes and laugh, just keep in mind that their musculoskeletal system is staying healthy. References Health-choices-for-life.com. Care and Feeding of the Musculoskeletal System ** Radio Ad Good Morning. Thank you for listening to 92.3...
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...Osteoarthritis (OA), the most prevalent musculoskeletal condition, is a long-term chronic disease involving the thinning of cartilage in joints which results in bones rubbing together, engendering stiffness and pain, which often results in impaired forms of kineticism. Osteoarthritis withal can damage ligaments, menisci, and muscles. Bone or cartilage fragments may float in the joint space, causing exasperation and pain. Bone spurs, or osteophytes, may additionally develop, causing adscititious pain and potentially damaging circumventing tissues. OA is cognate with age, but is associated with a variety of both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, including obesity, lack of exercise, genetic predisposition, bone density, occupational injury, trauma, and gender....
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...can appear as a subtle, nonspecific, or unusual manifestation that is outside the normal range of signs and symptoms for a specific illness. Nursing care of an older adult requires a through assessment of acute, chronic or complex illnesses. Illness in older adults is complicated by numerous medical problems and the physical changes of aging. Identification of an illness can be overlooked simply because symptoms might be reported vaguely. Multiple overlapping factors such as environmental, sociologic, physiologic and psychologic aspects need to be considered in the nursing assessment. It’s essential that nurses recognize atypical presentations of illness in older adults early to help improve patient care. Early detection can reduce the risk of missed diagnoses, death and/or prolonged hospitalization, and reduce rates of co-morbidity from treatable geriatric syndromes (GrayMiceli, 2007). Aging causes physiologic changes to the body. These normal age related changes could be similar to changes seen in the presence of pathological conditions. This causes a problem when normal changes mask early signs of an acute illness. Changes to the musculoskeletal system can affect a patient’s ability to function. Reduced bone mineral density leads to osteoporosis and an increased risk for fall-related fractures (Ebersole, Hess, Touhy, & Jett 2012, p. 48-49). Age related changes to the cardiovascular system are myocardial and blood vessel stiffening, decreased beta-adrenoceptor responsiveness,...
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...their position statement, “Elimination of Manuel Patient Handling to Prevent Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders” the risk of musculoskeletal injury because of manual lifting techniques affects nurses working in any specialty area (ANA 2003). The ANA conducted it's own Health and Safety Survey of nurses in 2011, in which 62% of the more than 4.600 respondents indicated that suffering a disabling musculoskeletal injury was one of their top three safety concerns. The survey also showed that 8 of 10 nurses worked despite experiencing frequent musculoskeletal pain and that 13% were injured three or more times on the job within a year (ANA 2011). This proposal of implementing a Safe Patient and Handling Mobility program will explore the organizational and individual barriers to implementation and identify factors that might influence implementation. Factors influencing organizational readiness will be addressed for this proposed change as well as internal and external resources available to support this initiative. A theoretical model will be discussed, and how it relates to the proposal of a SPHM at Doctor’s Hospital. Patient-handling tasks historically have been recognized as the primary cause of musculoskeletal disorders among the nursing workforce. When comparing nursing to other occupations, nursing personnel and nursing assistants are among those at the highest risk of musculoskeletal disorders. In 2005, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor identified...
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...HGPS is distinguished by signs of untimely aging most recognized in the skin, cardiovascular systems, and musculoskeletal systems. Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HPS) is an extremely rare hereditary disease that affects the vascular, musculoskeletal system, and the skin. HGPS can cause mutations in LMNA that results in the production of an abnormal form of Lamin A termed progerin. LMNA is a protein that in humans is encoded by LMNA gene. Newborns with HPS may have certain dubious findings present at birth, such as shiny, hardened skin over the butt, upper legs, and abdomen; discoloration of the skin; and a chisel nose. Progressive growth retardation usually becomes evident by 24 months of age, resulting in shortened height and weight....
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...The Aging Musculosketltal system The Aging Musculosketltal system The aging musculoskeletal system of a 84-year old thin, small boned white female has many changes that it could possibly go through. There are three of the major problems that are possible for her body to go through. Osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and muscular atrophy. Osteoporosis is a disease in which bones become fragile and are more likely to have fractures. With osteoporosis the bones become weaker and lose their density. They have less amounts of calcium and minerals in them. Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease there is. This may occur without any cause and sometimes the tendency to have bone loss and thin bones is passed down through families. The leading cause of osteoporosis is the drop in estrogen in women t the time of menopause and a drop in testosterone in men. There are no symptoms in the early stages of osteoporosis. Most people who have this disease are prone to getting fractures and not even having an injury these are called compression fractures. Other changes that may occur are the loss of height and a stooped posture or kyphosis many develop. The treatment for osteoporosis is a lifestyle change with diet an exercise , taking medication and vitamin D along with calcium. Exercises such as walking, jogging, dancing will assist with improving bone mass. This disease of the bones is able to be reversed and even cured over time the the right treatment, Osteoarthritis...
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...consists of retrieving a peer-reviewed article and applying the research methodology to the article selected. The article selected for the research methodology was Managing Aging Patients written by Robert D’Ambrosia, Jennifer Kilpatrick, and Lene Juel Rasmussen written June 2003. Based on the information in the article will help determine the methods of defining the problem, the purpose of the study, research questions, hypothesis, study variables, conceptual model, the review of related literature and the study design of the selected article. Define the Problem The problem in this scenario is the need to be able to manage and being equipped with the up and coming baby boomers. It has been predicted that 20% of the population in US will be aged 65 years by 2030 it was predicted few years ago because of up and coming baby boomers. We are all aware that the aging Baby Boomer population and with increased life expectancy and more active lifestyles, then in the past generation is beginning and will continue to place a huge demand on medical resources, predominantly from the orthopedic doctors. There will be a quadruple need of orthopedic surgeons than before because of high risk and demand of patients. A lot of baby boomers suffer from joint, ligament, and tendons. The risk of hip damage increase drastically with aging patients. Other issues are cumulative loss of flexibility, muscle strength, and endurance and a host of other medical teething troubles that may need to be taken into...
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...1) Musculoskeletal System – As we age muscle mass, strength and tone all diminish as the tissue atrophies, along with joints that are less flexible and elastic as its cartilage calcifies. (Koutoukidis, Stainton, Hughson 2013, p. 233). Farly et al (2006) state bone deposition and resorption is no longer equal, postmenopausal women have a decline in oestrogen which further increases bone resorption and decreases calcium deposition. Bone density loss has a particular negative effect on long bones and vertebrae (Koutoukidis, Stainton and Hughson (2013, p. 233). 2) Cardiovascular System – Eliopoulos (2010) states the heart muscle loses contractile strength with ageing decreasing its efficiency. The aorta and atrioventricular narrow causing...
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...The aging Musculoskeletal System LaToya Johnson ITT-Orland GE 258 April 28, 2015  Osteoporosis Osteoporosis is a bone condition that makes bones thinner and more fragile because of reduced bone density, and it puts people at risk of fractures, especially of the hip, spinal vertebrae and wrist. Bones in the spine are not broken they are compressed together, and leads up to kyphosis. Kyphosis is a deformity of the spine which is a curve shape to the upper spine. There are different causes/ risk factors that leads up to osteoporosis such as reduced sex hormones, particularly in women due to less estrogen after menopause, eating disorders, tobacco smoking, excessive alcohol intake, decrease calcium and vitamin D, inactivity or immobility. Both men and women are affected. Osteoporosis can have a profound impact on daily living, fractures can occur with little trauma. Which make ADLs harder to do and eventually need assistance. Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, when the cartilage of the bone wears down over time it commonly effect the joints of the hand, knees, hips and spine. People in the occupation with repetitive and stressful movement should find ways to reduce the trauma. . Causes / risk factors that increases or could lead up osteoarthritis is age, sex women is at more risk, obesity, joint injuries, bone deformities, certain jobs genetics. ( web MD). There is no cure that exists at this time however you could slow the...
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...Ergonomics Nov 29, 2011 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to discuss ergonomics. How important proper ergonomics can be to both the employer and the employee. To talk about some of the education and training options available to companies for its employees. Some employer responsibilities and how OSHA enforces them. And finally, a look at a few organizations created to influence ergonomics. Introduction Ergonomics is basically the study of designing equipment and devices that fit the human body, its movements, and its cognitive abilities. Throughout this paper I will go over the importance of proper ergonomics, along with a certain medical disorder that can result from ergonomic hazards. Then discuss different types of ergonomic education and training, as well as the delivery options available. Look at some basic employer responsibilities as well as OSHA Enforcement. And briefly go over two organizations that influence human factors and ergonomics around the world. Importance of Proper Ergonomics The science of fitting workplace conditions and demands of the job to the capabilities of the working population is Ergonomics. Ensuring effective and successful ergonomic practices will help generate higher productivity, greater avoidance of illness and injury, and even a possible increase in job satisfaction among the workforce. The avoidance of illness and injury is extremely important in today’s workplace as many companies are dealing...
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...Smart E – pants (all we need to know) Cures – pressure ulcers Problems with pressure ulcers - Pressure ulcers that affect the deep tissue may not be recognized until the wound is externally visible, by which time extensive injury may have occurred. Pressure ulcers are an adverse event that also increases the risk for further adverse events, including infection, osteomyelitis (infection of the bone), sepsis, and death. Due to the intensive treatments involved, pressure ulcers are costly. An Ontario study estimated that the net hospitalization costs of treating hospital-acquired pressure ulcers in patients older than 65 years ranged from $44,000 for stage II pressure ulcers to $90,000 for stage IV pressure ulcers.18 This study also determined that the treatment costs of pressure ulcers that developed before individuals were admitted to hospital ranged from $11,000 for a stage II pressure ulcer to $18,500 for a stage IV pressure ulcer.18 A small Canadian study (n = 12) of the cost of caring for community-dwelling individuals with pressure ulcers due to spinal cord injury found an average monthly cost per patient of $4,745 (ranging between $3,400 and $18,000). About the product – The undergarment — a cotton and Lycra fabric, similar to biking shorts, with a front zipper to accommodate patients needing catheterization, markers on the thighs to guide alignment, and belt loops for the electrode leads * The surface electrodes — two for each buttock, contained in mesh panels on...
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