...This essay makes an attempt to address Orthopedic and Musculoskeletal Disorders. Also attempted, is a developmental design and evaluation of an appropriate individualized education goals and the issues surrounding the disorder of the above mentioned disease. Within the design, several directives will be accomplished: two (2), appropriate individualized education goals to meet the needs of the student. An analytical view, of the disorder, and what the specifics are associated with these type(s) of disorders. What the salient complications are as a result of the disorder, the particulars of finances and assistance as they affect the educational system. What treatment options are available, rehabilitation, and are there any appropriate educational interventions to address the situation. Lastly, what are the teacher's responsibilities, in terms of meeting the needs of students with curvature of the spine, hip conditions, limb deficiency, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, and musculoskeletal disorders? (2) Appropriate Individualized Educational Goal: Two appropriate individualized education goals; Annual Goals: Jessica is a 14 year girl who is also a sophomore, with an orthopedic and musculoskeletal disorder, she will have the ability to join in with her classmates in activities that; will allow her the use of her hands, shoulders and much more, far more than she was previously able to do. These activities include; the ability to produce her own written assignments and use...
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...Running Head: ORTHOPEDIC and MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS IEP 1 Orthopedic and Musculoskeletal Disorders IEP Cynthia Read Grand Canyon University: SPE-573 July 24, 2013 Orthopedic and Musculoskeletal Disorders IEP 2 Orthopedic and Musculoskeletal Disorders IEP Introduction Orthopedic impairments consist of a broad variety of pupils that have a need for special education because of the impact that the orthopedic impairment has caused with their performance at school. Deficiencies might consist of inborn abnormalities, and origins from other disorders like breaks, losing body extremities, and cerebral palsy (Heller, 2001). Pupils with bone disorders seldom are in regular classrooms. This paper evaluates an orthopedic and musculoskeletal disorder along with an advocated educational intervention: Osteogenesis Imperfecta. Musculoskeletal Disorders Bottom of Form Osteogenesis imperfecta is also known as the “brittle bone” disorder. It is an inherited disease where a person’s bones are broken with no problem. Almost all incidences of osteogenesis imperfecta are triggered by a domineering chromosomal imperfection. A lot of the population of kids that have osteogenesis imperfecta were born with this disease and they received it from one or both of their parents and other children that have this disease have no idea how or why they got it because no one in their family has had this ailment. There are four types of osteogenesis imperfecta that researchers have identified...
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...MUSCULOSKELETAL WEEK 4 Provide privacy, wash hands, introduce self, and check ID vital signs HISTORY: -Reason for the visit, PQRSTU -if there isn’t one: so, from my understanding we are going to be doing an assessment on your muscles, joints, and bones/ ROM and muscles strength do I have that correct? -Do you have any pain, stiffness, weakness, swelling, twitching in your joins or muscles? Any redness, heat limited ROM you have noticed? -Any PHx of injury to your arms/ legs/ bones, muscles, joints (broken bones, strain, fractures)? -Is there any physical problems that limit your ADL? -Do you exercise or participate in sports on a regular basis? (how much, how often) -Women: Calcium and Vit. D supplements? -FHx of scoliosis, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis? -Medication (OTC, herbal, prn), Allergies, Alcohol, Smoking/Tobacco, Street Drugs ORDER OF THE EXAM: 1. Inspection: symmetry of structures and function (ROM), size, contour, skin for color, swelling, masses, atrophy, deformities, nodules. 2. Palpation: Joint and skin for temp, muscles, articulations. Notice heat, tenderness, swelling (inflammation), atrophy, masses, hard muscles, muscles spasms 3. ROM: No tenderness, pain, or crepitation 4. Muscle Testing: Prime mover, “I’m going to push, don’t let me push, I’m going to pull, don’t let me pull” resistance. Equal, bilaterally, and fully resist my opposing force -Full or limited ROM- use goniometer to measure angle -Strength:...
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...movements along with the support of the muscles providing the force and strength to move our body. Together, all these elements shape our musculoskeletal system and allow us to perform our everyday physical activities. Researchers know that both genes and the environment contribute to bone health. While genes largely decide some elements of bone wellness, outside factors, such as diet and physical activity, are critically very important to bone health throughout a person’s life. In the medical field it is a fact that the growth of our skeletal bones and the role it plays as a mineral reservoir, and a home for marrow, depends on the circulating hormones that travel throughout the human body and reacts to changes in blood calcium and phosphorus. If these two minerals are in diminutive supply, those regulating hormones will take them out of the bone to serve other vital functions in our body systems. Too many withdrawals can deteriorate the bone, and that’s why the maintenance of constant level of calcium in the blood as well as adequate supply of phosphorus and calcium in cells is critical for the function of all body organs. Genetic issues can produce thin weak bones, or ones that are thick, and the outcome of nutritional deficiencies can result in under mineralized and fragile bone. As I have mentioned earlier bones are a part of the musculoskeletal system, they do not work in isolation, but rather in conjunction with the muscles, they are the lever that allows the muscles to move...
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...1) Musculoskeletal System – As we age muscle mass, strength and tone all diminish as the tissue atrophies, along with joints that are less flexible and elastic as its cartilage calcifies. (Koutoukidis, Stainton, Hughson 2013, p. 233). Farly et al (2006) state bone deposition and resorption is no longer equal, postmenopausal women have a decline in oestrogen which further increases bone resorption and decreases calcium deposition. Bone density loss has a particular negative effect on long bones and vertebrae (Koutoukidis, Stainton and Hughson (2013, p. 233). 2) Cardiovascular System – Eliopoulos (2010) states the heart muscle loses contractile strength with ageing decreasing its efficiency. The aorta and atrioventricular narrow causing...
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...Inflammatory Musculoskeletal Diseases Name Instructor Institution Musculoskeletal disorders are common and they can affect different age groups, frequently causing disability and immobility. They cause discomfort or pain in the joints, bones and muscles. The disorders can range from being acute to chronic, diffuse or focal. The chances of a person developing musculoskeletal disorders increase with age, but they are more common among the elderly. The disorders can range from back pain and gout, as well as rheumatoid arthritis, musculoskeletal pain and tendinitis. Treatments vary depending on the age of the patient, and there is a need for physicians to intervene early before the disease progresses to ensure better chances of recovery. The physiology of aging is an important aspect of treatment for musculoskeletal problems. “Immunosenescence” is a term that refers to changes in the immune system which is characterized by declined cellular immunity resulting to increase in auto antibodies. T-cell and cytokine production also decrease. Aging results in musculoskeletal changes. The tendons, ligaments and where they attach to bonesfray and weaken; muscle mass, quality, and strength also lessen. The gait of a person with musculoskeletal problems changes with age; gait speed, stride length and step length are reduced ((Phyllis & Samuel, 2009). Treatment in older patients is risky because of polypharmacy where patients attend different...
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...Kaemia Howard (19075564) Anatomy and Physiology The Aging Musculoskeletal System At the age of 84, your bones have taken a toll throughout your life time. This leaves you susceptible to a few bone diseases. Three of the most common diseases are Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Muscular Atrophy. With Osteoporosis, it is a disease in which bones become fragile and more likely to fracture. Usually the bone loses density, which measures the amount of calcium and minerals in the bone. Since our bones undergo bone remodeling quite often in the younger years we do not think of the potential or likelihood of being diagnosed with Osteoporosis or Osteoarthritis. However as we age our bones do not recover and remodel as fast, causing loss of bone density. The more mass that is “banked” when younger leads to the smaller risk of having the disease. Much like Osteoporosis is Osteoarthritis. The more wear and tear you put on your bones and joints the more susceptible you are to Osteoarthritis. With these disorders maintain a popular quo among the elderly; the future diagnosis is almost certain to happen. An 84 year old thin female has more than likely already been diagnosed with one of the two disorders, if not both. Osteoarthritis can be very painful and can on more than one occasion hinder any plans that have been set forth, from a trip to the grocery store or an entire vacation. This is especially true of those who have the arthritis in their hands, fingers and knees. The final...
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...In a musculoskeletal imaging article featured in The Journal of Orthopedic & Sports Physical therapy (JOSPT), (Lamothe, Elliott, & Chang, 2018) wrote about a 23 years old female active athlete triad, with a history of progressive and worsening right groin pain during training for 4 weeks, her primary care physician ordered an x-ray of the right hip, which was negative for fractures, then she was referred to physical therapy for treatment. At the initial visit, the physical therapist notice the antalgic gait and difficulty getting up from the chair, then the physical therapist went on with the initial assessment, a comprehensive series of musculoskeletal testing, which reveals severe pain with single limb stance, pain during passive range...
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...The Aging Musculoskeletal System Osteoporosis is a condition where the bones become thinner and fragile because of low bone density. This condition puts people at risk of fractures. Men in women are both affected by osteoporosis, but women are affected more than men. Postmenopausal woman are more likely to develop the condition, this is an asymptomatic condition. Our 84 year small boned white female is a candidate for osteoporosis. The most common risk factors are small frame, gender, age, ethnicity, and genetics. (MacGill, 2015) Osteoarthritis mostly affects the joint; it is sometimes called the degenerative joint disease. Osteoarthritis is more common in older people. More men are affected than women with osteoarthritis. Younger people can develop the disease usually as a result of a joint injury, a joint malformation, or a genetic defect. In osteoarthritis, the surface layer of the cartilage breaks and wears away; this than allow the bones under the cartilage to rub together, causing pain, swelling and loss of motion of the joint. Joints that the disease affects most are the fingers, thumbs, neck, lower back, knees and hips. Stiffness, swelling and crunching feeling in the joints areas would be a signs of osteoarthritis. (Gayle Lester, Ph.D., Joan McGowan, Ph,D.,, 2013) Muscular Atrophy is the wasting or loss of muscle tissue. There are two types of muscle atrophy. Disuse atrophy is when the muscle is not being use enough; this type is reversible with exercise and better...
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...Week Two Assignment Three Musculoskeletal disorders are abnormalities associated with the muscles or skeleton. The orthopedics department is designed to recognize, fix, manage, and prevent issues within the musculoskeletal systems. Three examples of specialists who work in this department are an orthopedist (who specializes in the diagnoses and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders) (Gylys, 2013), rheumatologist (who specializes is in joints), and a Doctor of Osteopathy or DO (who maintains that good health requires proper alignment of bones, muscles, ligaments, and nerves) (Gylys, 2013). Closed (simple) fractures (when the bone is broken but does not penetrate through the skin), and open (compound) fractures (when the broken bone also...
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...UNIT 4: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY ASSIGNMENT TITLE: MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM:j PECTORAL GIRDLE: The human appendicular skeleton is made up of bones of both the upper limbs and the lower limbs. Within the skeletal system a limb girdle can be referred to the bones which connect a limb to the axial skeleton. There is the pectoral girdle also known as shoulder girdle and the pelvic girdle also known as hip girdle which are the bony apparatus with which a limb is joined to the trunk. The pectoral girdle and pelvic girdle are both sturdy sockets for the limb joints although the pectoral girdle is larger and flexible it does not bear a lot of weight and it can be a shallow socket for limb attachment. Whereas the pelvis girdle on...
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...This study will cover the equine cardiovascular and the musculoskeletal systems in the equine. In which shall be included a discussion on the effects of each system during different levels of exercise. Cardiovascular system The equine cardiovascular system is designed in a particular way, to ensure optimal transport of oxygen from the upper respiratory tract to the rest of the organs and body tissues and to maintain a regular blood pressure (Evans & Rose, 1988) Marlin and Nankervis, in 2002, stated that “the blood vessels form two main circuits known as systemic and pulmonary circulations”. The systemic circulation refers to the blood going from the left hand side of the heart, to all the organs and tissues, and then back to the right hand...
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...Scientists proved the relationship between smoking and musculoskeletal health. Smokers have higher risk to have back pain, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoporosis. Nicotine affects the production of bone-forming cells and decreases the overall bone mass density. It also decreases the calcium absorption, making bones fragile and weak. In addition, a smoker can have several dental problems, such as tooth discoloration, bad breath, toothache, and tooth infections. If a person smokes regularly, he or she has high chances to have oral cancer. This addiction influences all the body organs, and smokers must be ready to problems with blood circulation, digestive problems, from gastritis to cancer, and even diseases of the central nervous system....
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...Health Issues in Aging The Aging Musculoskeletal System January 19, 2014 The human musculoskeletal system is the organ system that gives humans the ability to physically move, by using the muscles and skeletal system which, as the name implies consists of the muscular system and the human skeleton. Bones are connected to each other at the joints by ligaments or cartilage and skeletal muscle is attached to bones, usually by tendons. With advancing age, all tissues and organs suffer many changes in the normal way it functions and the muscles normally suffer the most damage. Research indicates that the aging of the musculoskeletal system starts usually after age 30 but it may start a little early or later in different individuals depending upon their genetic makeup ,dietary and environmental factors as well aslifestyle choices. Commonly Observed Changes Some of the most commonly observed changes in the anatomy and physiology of musculoskeletal system with aging are: a decrease in the total amount of muscle fibers due to the depressed productive capacity of cells to produce proteins. In addition, the size of muscles cells, fibers and tissue; this is also knownas generalized muscular atrophy. There is total loss of muscle bulk, power and strength of all major muscle groups like deltoids, biceps, triceps, hamstrings, and other major muscles. One can also expect wasting or wear and tear of the protective cartilage of joints that normally acts as a shock-absorber and gliding...
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...Solution to Musculoskeletal Injuries in Sonography Sonography, as a profession, is often enticing. When most individuals think of sonography, the thought that comes to mind is a sonogram with the pictures of a baby in gestation within a mother’s womb. Though this can be an interesting and rewarding career choice, this profession, as in most, can have its drawbacks. Many sonographers are at risk of suffering from musculoskeletal injuries and a significant amount are already experiencing injuries, especially those with considerable workloads and ones who have been in the profession for a large amount of time. In order to make sonography a safer profession, the work environment of sonographers must be redesigned with better ergonomics in mind. Having a safer ergonomic design must play an essential part of equipment design, along with changes to the layout of the work setting. Musculoskeletal Disorder also known as work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WRMSD) can include a number of symptoms ranging from swelling and inflammation of the muscles, spasms, tingling or burning sensations, to the loss of sensation completely (Coffin, 2014). In certain cases, a loss of muscle strength can occur. While this disorder is accumulative, the symptoms considered to be small can evolve to become more critical and also debilitating. Among North American sonographers in 1997, the occurrences of musculoskeletal injury were 84% and increased to 90% in 2008 (Coffin, 2014). According to the...
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