...tensions in India between the two main political parties; the Indian National Congress, with predominantly Hindu based support and members and the Muslim League formed later as protest against the minority Muslim population and their overlooked rights. Violence and bloodshed between Hindu and Muslim population had become increasingly severe and forced the decision surrounding partition to be made quickly before it escalated any further. Furthermore, the British intention to leave India was a ticking clock forcing the two parties to come to a decision quickly rather than be granted independence only to be left in a civil war. However, the social and economic barriers between Muslims and Hindus also furthered the support for partition Tensions between the Muslim League and Congress led to the League’s increasing insecurity of being disadvantaged by having a single Indian nation dominated by Hindus and that their interests would not be accounted for. The Muslim League felt increasingly isolated which led them to push harder for the partition of India. Much of this sense of isolation was set about by the actions of Congress. For instance, in the 1937 elections the Congress won majorities in seven of eleven provinces in which no Muslim cabinet ministers were appointed unless they were members of Congress and relinquished their loyalty to the Muslim League. The Congress flag was flown from public buildings and parliaments opened with the singing of the Hindu national anthem. Hindu values...
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...the move, positioning Muslim culture at odds with Australian culture and identity, deeming it incompatible with an iconic part of ‘traditional’ Australian culture. Therefore, this newspaper article may raise the question of whether migrants or Australians of faiths other than Christianity, particularly Muslims, are still expected to assimilate into a “traditional” Australian culture. This is...
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...characteristics between Malaysia and Australia in terms of religiosity and materialism. The report follows the structure of analyzing religiosity in Malaysia and comparing advertisements in a secularized nation and how this is important for an Australian marketer trying to sell their product (women’s clothing) in Malaysia. The reports fundamental goal is to further understand how religiosity and materialism influence and affect consumer behaviour. ------------------------------------------------- Religious Subculture Introduction The following report focuses on the specific influences of Religious subculture and Materialism in consumer behavior which shape our values and understanding of purchase behaviours. Religious subcultures are groups in society with homogeneous beliefs and experiences. The global marketplace is exceedingly becoming more influential and powerful than ever before, thus the need to understand consumer behaviour in different cultures and nations is ever so important in our modern world. The concept of religiosity is accountable for differences in consumer behavioral characteristics across the world. The study of religious subculture has found that religion appears to influences a persons behaviour and may also influence well being and life in general. (Hirschman, 1981). The affiliation of religion within a culture has the ability to influences personality, beliefs values and specific characteristics. When analyzing Australia and Malaysia’s consumer behaviour...
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...Indian crews came to Australia on trading ships during 1788 to work on cotton and sugar plantations, others came later as labourers in convict ships. Few Hindus also came to live and work in Australia under the system of recruiting indentured labour, which was a labour system in which people paid for their passage by working for an employer for a certain amount of time. During the 1830s, some came as camel drivers and some as travelling merchants or hawkers (trying to sell goods). Many remained as small businessmen, selling goods between small rural communities, establishing farming pastures for sheep and cattle and later moving to NSW to continue farming. The first purpose built Sikh temple was constructed in Woolgoolga. After the end of...
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...The Ecumenical movement and Interfaith Dialogue has played a key role in reducing the rise of secularism in Australia and has played a major part in the contribution with reconciliation of the Australian indigenous community post 1945. From 1901 to 1945 the overall religious makeup of Australia had little to no change, it was a set of British colonies until 1901. Australia’s society was mostly Anglo-Celtic Christian, with approximately 0.5 percent recognizing as non-Christian religion. This all changed with the effect of migration to Australia after the Second World War, this post war period bought a huge variation to Australia’s religious and ethnic makeup. (Morrissey, 2010) Ecumenism refers to the movement towards religious harmony amongst...
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...Cultural Views on Health Every cultures view on health is varied by different variables. Such as religion, economy, superstition, tradition, science, and logic this list continues on. This type of variables is what forms a cultures conceptions and opinions on health. Although, some of these attributes may not make since to everyone these attributes can either make care giving easier, or harder. Like many other cultures the Hispanic culture has their views on health. Although many Hispanics live in the United States their views on health often reflect their traditions and their ancestry. Hispanic’s generally see health as being and looking well. This could include being able to rest, being happy, and being able to perform ones duties (Rhode Island Department of Health, 2009). The Hispanic culture believes that emotions have strong ties to health. They avoid extreme emotions such as sadness, rage, and depression. These types of emotions are believed to be strongly linked to health. This belief falls in line with the concept of health as harmony. Striving to have a positive outlook on life and develop harmony with oneself and the surroundings. This type of thinking supports a healthy mental status which encourages a healthy physical status. When observing a person which is sick with a negative attitude towards a sickness or life will typically take longer to recover. There is something about a positive outlook that encourages the...
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...Religion and Peace 1) 2) 3) The understanding of peace in religious traditions Peace expressed through the sacred texts- principle teachings on peace Contributions to peace (Individual and World) Islam and Christianity The understanding of peace Christianity Concept of peace The New Testament understanding of the word ‘peace’ is living in an idyllic condition and communicating regularly with God, as epitomized by the Garden of Eden. Perfect peace was lost when Adam and Eve sinned (Genesis 3) but the coming of Christ restored the potential for peace. Therefore belief in Jesus enables humans inner peace in their lives and the looking forward to the day when Jesus will reign supreme on Earth. As Jesus states in John 16:33 peace is found in him. This is multifaceted. 1) His death was for human sin and allows humans and God to become one again. 2) His ministry is full of Jesus providing peace to those he came into contact with. Matthew 11:28-30, he offers peace to those that are troubled, in Mark 1:21-2:12 he casts out demons and forgives sins and in Hebrews 12:14 followers are encouraged to copy Jesus by making ‘every effort t live in peace with all men. 3) When Jesus returns will bring everlasting physical and spiritual peace on Earth for those who believe. The central theme of Jesus’ teachings is the Kingdom of Heaven. The kingdom of God is characterized by peace- there will be no hardships or grief or pain (Revelation). The righteous and faithful will be redeemed and will...
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...Australia and New Zealand: Doing business with Indonesia SECTION 1 CULTURAL DIFFERENCES Numerous Australian and New Zealand organisations are looking for business opportunities in Asian nations as Asian nations are in developing stage and they offer limitless business chances to officially created countries. Here, we are going to examine the business development of Australian and New Zealand associations in Indonesia. To start a business in a foreign country, it is crucial to understand the culture, social, customs and language of the country to be successful (Morrison & Conoway, 2006). Culture Hofsetede has sorted social contrasts into three wide classifications i.e. National society, Business Culture and Organizational society. National society delineates the political and social limits of the country. Business society includes rules, regulations, qualities and convictions of working together in a specific society (Deresky & Christopher, 2012). National Culture measurements are as per the following: 1. Power Distance 2. Independence/Individualism versus Collectivism 3. Manliness versus Femininity 4. Vulnerability/Uncertainty Avoidance 5. Long term Orientation 6. Indulgence (Kullen & Parboteeah, 2014). The visual chart joined in Appendix 1 indicates how these three nations vary from each other on the premise of aforementioned measurements. Indonesia is at high power separation as contrast with other two nations which implies more reliance...
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...be the same.” (Miller, Stone & Mitchell, 2002, p. 3) Law enforcement has undergone dramatic changes as a result of the devastating events in the United States on 11 September 2001 (9/11). This essay will examine how law enforcement, specifically within Australia, has shifted its policies and strategies to fight the post-9/11 terrorist threat. An analysis of police actions towards terrorist related incidents since 9/11, displays how law enforcement agencies have demonstrated their ability to respond to the various threats of terrorism as they arise. “Since 2001, numerous terrorist attacks have been thwarted in Australia. Thirty-eight people have been prosecuted as a result of counter-terrorism operations and 20 people have been convicted of terrorism offences under the Criminal Code.” (Counter-Terrorism White Paper, 2010, p. ii) Australia’s State and Federal policing agencies have ‘a long tradition of reactive patrol’ (White, 2012, p. 487) However, uniformed policing plays an important role in counter-terrorism operations. Due to their knowledge and close working relationships within the local community, police are in the best position to detect and prevent terrorist actions from occurring. “So far, terrorist attempts in Australia have been disrupted by the coordinated and highly professional efforts of Australia’s security agencies and police services” (Counter-Terrorism White Paper, 2010, p. 14) The Australian Government has defined terrorism as “the use of violence by groups...
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...Media has become a mirror of the disconnected state of humanity. There is a saturation of current affair programs built on false ideologies that manipulate the Australian public. The media has power to create and enforce stereotypes; media in Australia promotes these stereotypes. News reporters and current affair programs are often perceived as the most factual; however, deliberate choices have been made regarding all aspects of a story’s construction. Aesthetic aspects including camera shots, music and language, influences the promotion of chosen perspectives while silencing others. Media portrayal and reflections of Islam and Muslims perpetuate cultural stereotypes. There is an increasing trend of people associating all Muslims with terrorists...
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... [Type text] [Type text] Ban the Burqa? The Argument Against ð Jasmine Jaber -‐ 42886090 GEN320 End of Semester Independent Research Project Master of Research Thesis Proposal Jasmine Jaber Introduction The Argument Against 42886090 Over the past few years, the veiling practices of Muslim women have been the issue of public debate and come under direct government gaze. In particular, countries such a France and Turkey have issued a ban on wearing the burqa in public. The ban relates to the general wearing of the burqa and not for certain situations such as identity checks. This debate has spread to Australian soil where dozens of Australians, such as Cory Bernardi, have enunciated their approval and have called for such a ban in Australia. While some countries have similar meaning of the veil, the majority of non-Islamic individuals across Europe and Australia have interpreted the veil in their own way and thus attached to it different meanings causing different perceptions as to why or why not it should be worn. Using the article by Bernardi (2010) as a starting point, I will critique the feeble objections writers of the topic have against the burqa and justify why their reasons for a burqa ban are invalid and cannot benefit society, and if anything, set society backwards. By interpreting the results of...
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...PA R T B go online Go online to to find more case studies. CASE STUDY B Crisis management in international markets: ‘least said, soonest mended?’ John Knight, Department of Marketing, University of Otago and Bradley Mitchell, Inveratek Group Ltd 347 BACKGROUND An inevitable reality of doing business in the modern world is that crises recognise no boundaries (Fink 1986). A crisis management strategy needs to be part of the overall corporate strategy of any company operating internationally. Our chaotic times have led to some spectacular commercial crises. Sometimes these have been of companies’ own making through carelessness. A well-known example is the action of McDonald’s in promoting its sponsorship of the 1994 football World Cup by printing the flags of all competing nations on disposable packaging: the name of Allah is on the Saudi flag, and deep offence was caused by the fact that this was to be thrown away with the packaging (Starrett 1995). At other times crises have been caused by events completely outside of the control of the company. Examples of the latter include the deliberate product tampering of Tylenol products, leading to deaths by poisoning in the USA, and the massive product recall of Coca-Cola products in Belgium resulting from what appears to be a case of mass hysteria (Johnson and Peppas 2003). Furthermore, companies in the midst of a crisis may not be able to control the behaviour of others, but with proper planning and management the...
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...wearer modesty as well as sun protection. lt is becoming a huge hit not only among conservative women, but also with cancer patients, burn victims, and senior citizens. According to Zanetti’s testimony, which can be found on the company’s Website (www.ahiida.com), she migrated to Australia from Lebanon at a very young age. As a young Muslim/Arab girl, she faced many challenges growing up in the city of Sydney. She was an active person and liked to participate in community activities and sport; however, she found herself restricted due to her cultural background and religious beliefs. Zanetti missed out on all the sporting opportunities that Australia has to offer. Her dream was to create a garment suitable for Muslim girls in Sydney to wear while playing sports. She was inspired to design the Burqini after watching young Muslim girls struggle to play netball (which is similar to basketball) in bulky layers. Zanetti decided to create specialized sportswear for the active Muslim woman. Zanetti’s Burqini is a full-coverage swimsuit. The name “Burqini” is derived from the words burqa (a black covering worn by some Muslim women) and bikini. It hit the international market in January 2007, and since then devout Muslim women have been snapping it up. The polyester suits are designed to adhere to Islamic traditions that require women to dress modestly. The Burqini was also designed to eliminate the risk of drowning that...
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...Exporting lamb to the Saudi Arabian Market Introduction Samex Australian Meat Company is a long established Meat Trading Company based in Australia & it has been supplying the finest quality Beef / Lamb / Mutton & Goat to a wide variety of markets around the world.Samex was established in 1978 in Australia and quickly become one of the country’s principal meat trading companies. An extensive supply network means Samex can source everything from high-value chilled lamb and beef via airfreight to bulk mutton & goat shipments all Halal Certified products for Middle East markets. Samex had developed live sheep export trade over the years, but it had been under struggle for many years because of ethical issues related to the trade. Some important customers were found live sheep in the Middle East who preferred to process the meat themselves. When pressure groups attacked the trade as unethical Problems arose. It made worse when the Egyptian government did not accept a shipment of live sheep because it claimed the sheep were in poor condition. Among the customers Governments in the Middle East that require highly efficient, time critical deliveries for their armed forces. Another important point of difference at Samex, it is well-known global retail sector. Company’s founders were master butchers and have invested extensive market research in producing meat products valued by the consumer. It also provides in-house shipping and export documentation department’s who...
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...A Baptist policy on immigration and asylum seekers The world currently faces a global refugee crisis with up to 40 million displaced people (the majority of whom are women and children). Australia currently accepts around 13,750 refugees each year as part of total planned annual immigration of around 182,000 people. This paper identifies social and political problems relating to asylum seekers and refugees. It examines the biblical teaching on a responsible Christian approach to asylum seekers and refugees, and discusses some of the ways in which Australian Baptists have responded to the challenges of immigration and asylum seekers. It concludes with a new policy proposal for the consideration of Australian Baptist Ministries, the various State and Territory Baptist Unions, and local churches. There is also a guide to further information. The situation facing Australia today Immigration policy is one of the two most bitterly contested issues in Australian politics, and has been for more than ten years. People who seek asylum by boat, and various policy instruments designed to deter both asylum seekers and people smugglers, have been at the heart of an increasingly contentious public and political discussion in Australia for more than a decade. The debate has polarised large sections of the Australian community and prevented many politicians from engaging in a constructive policy dialogue. With little to differentiate their product, especially on economic and employment...
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