...prognosis of the disability: As stated in the introduction, Jessica suffers from Multiple Sclerosis or MS, for short. MS is the body’s own immune system attacking the neurons in the brain and spinal cord (MS Australia, 2005). So far, Doctors have found about four different types of Multiple Sclerosis ; relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis, secondary progressive Multiple Sclerosis, primary progressive Multiple Sclerosis, and relapsing progressive Multiple Sclerosis. Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis is characterized by unpredictable relapse and new symptoms appearing or the existing ones becoming worse. Secondary Multiple Sclerosis is seen in those who have relapse-remitting Multiple Sclerosis and they develop a progressive disability. With primary Multiple Sclerosis, the symptoms gradually worse over time. Relapsing progressive Multiple Sclerosis is similar to primary progressive except the symptoms level over time and there are multiple relapses (The National Multiple Sclerosis Society, n.d.). There is no distinct prognosis for Multiple Sclerosis. Each person is different but they are expected to...
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...A Patient’s Outlook of Care at a Drug Rehabilitation Program Frederick R. Tuccillo Drexel University Nursing A Patient’s Outlook of Care at a Drug Rehabilitation Program I chose to interview a male patient in his early fifties who was admitted to an impatient rehabilitation program. Throughout this paper I will refer to this patient as “Mr. Murph”. He was self-admitted with the help of his family, due to the abuse of prescription pain pills. Mr. Murph was in the program for almost a sixty-day period. This being his second time in a program, he decided to stay twice as long knowing that there would be a better chance to having a longer sobriety. This paper will synopsize his experience in the program, predominantly with the staff involved in his care. During the interview, I asked Mr. Murph a few simple questions on the quality of care he received while in the rehabilitation program to get a better understanding on his perspective. The first question I asked had to do with the care he received from the staff members that were working close with him. I asked Mr. Murph how their attitudes were towards him, and whether or not they were respectful. I also informed him that it was important for them to uphold his self-esteem through out the program and never let him get discouraged. He immediately responded by saying that there was not one person who was disrespectful or had a negative attitude towards him. Nonetheless, he did mention that there was one staff member who...
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... Motivation to Stop Smoking Christina Cheshire Emeka Wolfe-Norman, Ed.S, LPC PSY/ 355 February 27, 2012 Most drugs, including nicotine, induce a “euphoric” effect in the mind (Lewis, 2009) that can be difficult to “undo.” Smoking for most will be the most difficult thing they will ever do. I know that I have a personal interest in this paper. I am a smoker who is trying to quit. I have been a smoker for over fifteen years and I have come to a point in my life where I know that I must stop and it is a daily struggle but also achieveable. Structures of the Brain and Smoking According to Lewis (2009), “nicotine is known to activate neuronal nicotinic receptors in the mesolimbic dopamine system.” What this means is that nicotine acts as a neural transmitter of sorts, and activates the dopamine system, creating the euphoric or calming effect most often associated with cigarette smoking. Because these receptors become sensitive to nicotine use, a person will become accustomed to the hypersensitive psychomotor activation (Lewis, 2009). The psychomotor activation creates a sense of alertness, boots metabolism, and can (in conjunction with the boost of dopamine in the system) create...
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...CBT to Treat Generalized Anxiety Cognitive Therapy (CT) or Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) was pioneered by Dr. Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s, while he was a psychiatrist and professor at the University of Pennsylvania. Before being hired for this job he had practiced psychoanalysis elsewhere and became interested in advancing the field. While at the University of Pennsylvania Dr. Beck designed and carried out several experiments to test psychoanalytic concepts that delta with depression. Through this research Dr. Beck was hoping to validate the fundamental concepts associated with psychoanalytic therapy, during his studies he was surprised to find the opposite. Instead of validating his previous studies he founded the concept of cognitive behavior therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy is a term that has a lot of different treatment umbrella under it. It’s a cross between behavior therapy and dynamic psychotherapy. It is centered on the idea that thought or cognitions have a big role in mood and behavior mostly due to false or morphed cognitions. Though cognitive therapy can be used to treat a variety of issues that are in the DSM people can also use cognitive therapy to treat personal issues that aren’t outlined in the DSM. The Farlex dictionary defines cognitive behavioral therapy as “an action-oriented form of psychosocial therapy that assumes that maladaptive, or faulty, thinking patterns cause maladaptive behavior and "negative" emotions. The treatment focuses...
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...Dying to be Thin While I can say that I knew what anorexia nervosa and bulimia are when it comes to describing the disease, I had never really seen anything quite like this video. It really opened up my eyes to the serious dangers of these diseases and the importance of finding ways to combat them. Seeing the young girl Erin standing in front of a mirror and saying she looked fat, all while being a good 20 percent below her normal body weight, is something that is very hard for me to understand. Then it is pointed out that anorexia nervosa is the most deadly psychiatric illness and it becomes obvious to me just how serious the issue is. Since the 1950’s anorexia nervosa has continued to increase every five years by 36 percent according to The Mayo Clinic. This blew me away, I grew up in a home where my sister was the oldest and she says she always worried about her weight but not to the extent of doing anything harmful. The rest of my siblings are all boys and we always worried about gaining weight not losing it, so while I knew what this disease was I never actually knew anything about it and how it can lead to death. The media seems to be a major factor into contributing to women suffering from these diseases. Whether it’s on T.V. or models in magazines the media continues to use these very skinny women and it only seems to lead to women all over feeling the need to live up to what they see in the media. Another interesting thing I learned was that most victims have an...
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...Schizophrenia is a disorder that causes a person to lose contact with reality. The person with the disorder displays signs of detachment from reality, hallucination, paranoia, and delusions. One of the more common ways to tell if a person has schizophrenia is if they have totally ruined any social relationship and hear voices that no one else can hear. A lot of schizophrenics believe the voices are government people talking to them or they are being talked to by aliens and that aliens are everywhere. Schizophrenia is typically inherited through your genes. One of your parents or grandparents most likely had the disorder and passed it on to you. The disorder is usually triggered by some sort of stress and symptoms start to show. In the beginning you may see little signs like trouble sleeping or concentrating. You might see your irritable or have tense feelings. As life goes on you might develop problems thinking or with emotions and behaviors. These might include Isolation, Hallucinations as discussed before. Lack of emotion and problems paying attention are classic symptoms as well. Bizarre behaviors, delusions as mentioned previously and thoughts that don’t really associate with one another brought together in very loose association all can be seen in schizophrenic symptoms. Of course symptoms depend on the type of schizophrenia present. For instance Disorganized schizophrenia symptoms may have showing little emotion, childlike behavior, and problems thinking and explaining...
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...Schizophrenia Disrupts Brain Development Monica Jones Behavioral Science and Research Method Southern University and A&M College Lionel Jolla, MSW, LMSW – Professor November 18, 2015 Abstract I embarked on this project because I am interested in how schizophrenia affects the brain and what researchers have discovered as far as medicine for this condition. I am looking for a phenomenon that explains why this disorder is destroying brain volume and how this process can be stopped. Schizophrenia is a baffling disorder that reduces brain volume. When and how does schizophrenia begin is one of my concerns. It is hard to figure out when, why and how schizophrenia begins because it can occur as early as the neonate stage of life and as late as the geriatric stage in life. When schizophrenia starts to decrease brain volume, is the brain fully developed is another one of my concerns. Brain volume decreases in schizophrenia patients naturally, but the antipsychotic medication is a contributing factor also. The antipsychotic medication has been known to have adverse side effects on the brain volume. Have researchers found a medication that has a less severe effect on schizophrenia patient’s brain volume, is another question I am interested in finding the answer too. Schizophrenia is an unexplainable disorder that offers no specific answer to how it occurs. In this study I am hoping to find that specific answer to this brain crippling disorder. MRI scans have been the primary...
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...| Personal Theory of Counseling:Applying Cognitive Therapy to the Case of Donetta | | | Background The theory of cognitive therapy resonates with me because of my personal belief in the power of the mind. It is my opinion that without the process of changing mindset, behaviors will not change. The mind has control over every single action and tells your entire being how to respond in every single situation. As stated in the Corey (2009) text, I believe that people with emotional difficulties often times tend to “commit characteristic logical errors that tilt objective reality in the direction of self-deprecation” (p. 288). Through my own therapy experience I came to understand the connection between my thinking, my feelings and my actions. I learned to identify distorted thinking, engage in realistic thinking, and to employ problem-solving and coping skills. This method helped me through my own difficult times and therefore I know it works and would like to help others through its use. View of Human Nature People possess faulty beliefs and maladaptive information processing (automatic thoughts) which can lead to cognitive distortions and depression (Chadwick, 1994). In cognitive therapy clients learn to identify these distorted cognitions through evaluation. Corey states (2009) that once clients gain insight into how these unrealistically negative thoughts affect them, their feelings, and behaviors; they can begin to “use their automatic thoughts to...
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...her face. CUT TO: ANGEL: (extreme close-up of eyes) you can probably guess what is going on. (Medium Close-up) The cold running water. (Flash to Water) The Razor (flash to razor). The yelling in the background. Oh…and the blood. I just cut. I can see your thoughts now. (Said with a scoff) CUT TO: GUY: What a freaking Emo Kid. GIRL: Just kill yourself already, you attention whore. CUT TO: ANGEL: No. I’m not an “emo kid” or was I doing it for attention. I cut because…it gave me a sense of…control. I know I can’t control what people think of me, or what happens to me throughout the day, or even how messed up my family is. But I know I can control (close-up) EVERY SINGLE SOLITARY DETAIL of cutting. (Blackout) Where I cut myself. When I cut, with what I used, who I was with, how deep, where I was when I cut…. (Extreme close-up eyes)It was my personal escape plan. CUT TO: Pictures of ANGEL and her FAMILY. ANGEL: voiceover HONESTLY I’ve never really had to urge to die. I mean, I’ve thought about what would happen if I died. Would anyone really care? OPTIONAL! INT- Angel’s Room- DAY CUT TO: Two friends sitting on a bed talking and STARR pulls a razor out of her pocket. They get up and walk out of room. ANGEL: I...
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...imagine the serious consequences that it would bring to your life. My Psychology class helped me to understand and think better about the damage of drugs, and how affect our central nervous system. Tobacco is a psychoactive drug with chemicals that affect our nervous system and, as a result, may alter consciousness and awareness, influence how we sense and perceive things, and modify our moods, feelings, emotions, and thoughts. In our days is very common to see people smoking; it is a widely used addictive drug, that alters cognitive processes, which include effects on attention and impulsivity, a mechanism that may contribute to the addictive properties of the drug. Everyone have the right to think, analyze, and have their opinion, but I want to share with you a message, a story of my best friend where she suffered a disease and began a new life. All began a holiday day where our friends, among laughers, invited her to smoke her first cigarette and to learn like them. Then she came to smoke one after other cigarettes every day, until she gets to smoke three daily packs. Today I understand why she continued to smoke. She had an addiction to nicotine. My textbook said about addiction:” refers to a behavioral pattern of drug abuse that is marked by an overwhelming and compulsive desire to obtain and use drug; even after stopping, the person has a strong tendency to relapse and begin using the drug again”. My friend had become dependent to nicotine therefore she had become tolerant:...
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...by this sudden relapse. I panicked, not knowing what to do yet afraid that touching him might further aggravate his pain. Time seemed to stretch into infinity before the ambulance arrived. I sat on the swivel chair at the doctor’s desk, my hands gripping the soft black leather handles of the chair. The doctor sunk back into his huge brown leather chair, clearing his throat before he began to speak. “Mr. Foo, according to the scan results, your son is suffering for cystic fibrosis, whereby his lungs will not be able to perform their function. There is no cure for….” I was no longer hearing the doctor. The pain that surged through my veins found its way to my heart, repeatedly stabbing it until I could no longer tolerate it. I felt total, pure disillusionment and my stomach churned in bitter bile. Why was this happening? Why, of all people, Terry? The fact sent an immense bang into my head, stabbing it with thousands of knifes. “…..don’t keep your hopes high. In fact, there is no hope unless a donor turns up. We have already placed him on the waiting list. All you can do is wait and care for him. Or maybe you can consider putting him to sleep forever.” Something within me snapped as the words “no hope” registered. Still in a state of daze, I stumbled out of the room and to the intensive care unit. The constant beeping sound of the heart rate monitor was the only sound sharp enough to slice through the deadly silence that washed over the nauseating atmosphere. My sixteen-year old...
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... I believed that my son would outlive me and have sons and daughters of his own, so we could grow old watching them have families of their own, because that was the way of life. I had hopes and dreams for my son. When he died, it completely destroyed my world and left so many unanswered questions. I was completely lost and bereaved. Rebuilding my life and becoming one of the living again has been a long, hard struggle. The death of my son changed my life and me as a person forever. My son chose to end his life on October 3rd 2008. He was only 29 years old. Nothing in my life prepared me for his death. My world ended and everything that I have known in life was shattered. Life as I knew it had changed forever. I couldn’t think or feel anything other than for the pain that was in my heart. My family and my friends worried for me and wanted me to come and stay with them. How could I go and stay with anyone, when I was like a zombie or the living dead. The days did not mean anything to me anymore. Everything I did was like a robot on autopilot. I ate because someone put food in front me and slept when my mind was so exhausted I had to sleep. I knew I had to try to get back into life and live again and rediscover myself as a person. I knew that was what my son would have wanted me to do. I was a completely different person when my son was alive. I loved life, laughed a lot and was happy. I greeted everyday as an adventure and with joy in my heart. I loved life...
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...Patients must undergo multiple sessions of ECT, the number of sessions depends on the illness and the severity. Risa Sugerman, completed twenty-three ECT treatments over the course of seven months to treat her severe depression. She states, “Each treatment truly does build on one another. I was aware of this process as it was happening.”(2) Pascal Sienaert, a professor and psychiatrist in Belgium also stresses the importance of ongoing ECT treatments. He explains that relapse rates for ECT patients are as high as 84%. Sienaert believes that the use of continuation electroconvulsive therapy (C-ECT) reduces and minimizes the relapse of ECT treated patients. He writes, “There is no consensus on the length of C-ECT. As maintenance pharmacotherapy is advised to be lifelong in patients who are severely ill and medication-refractory.”(9) Breggin recognizes the elongated process as he explains “The greater the number of treatments given to patients, the greater was the loss of biographical memories.”(84) If we know that every form of treatment causes damage imagine the damage done over lifelong treatments of...
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...My Lost Dollar by Stephen Leacock Introduction .. This short story bristles with subtle humour. Writing with an intention to amuse the reader, the story mixes comical expressions, moralizing, and self pity to weave a story around a friend’s failure to repay a loan of just one dollar. The author who has lent the dollar is too decent to ask for refund, but finds it hard to write it off from his mind. Resigned to his loss of the one dollar loan, the author relapses to introspection. The result – a hilarious ending to the saga of the ‘Lost Dollar’. —————————-.—————————— Gist of the story .. The author’s close friend is going on a sojourn to Bermuda. Just before his departure, he wants some small change to pay off the taxi. He asks the author to lend him a dollar. The latter gives it readily. Todd departs for Bermuda. Todd writes a letter to the author from Bermuda, but there is no dollar bill inside the envelope. Twelve months go by. Todd has returned from Bermuda, but has not bothered to return the one dollar to the author. The lender is too decent to offend his friend by demanding his dollar back. He tries many ways to remind Todd about the dollar he owed, but due to some inexplicable reasons, the memory of the unpaid dollar refuses to enter Todd’s mind. The author lists out the ways he attempted to remind his friend. First he went to the railway station to receive Todd when he returned from Bermuda. Todd was as cheerful as ever, but not the least embarrassed. The author’s...
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...can of worms we call my intestines that were damaged while we kicked cancers ass. The pain is the same, constant, nagging, unrelenting, stabbing, tiring, annoying, at times unable to stand up straight, cough or breathe deep without wanting to scream or slam my hand on a counter and yell about how unfair this is, I am so done with it. My digestion is so, so. On a good day I can eat and actually keep the food in without wanting to just cry. On a bad day, it seems like the minute I get food in my intestines they scream EVACUATE! I tend to drink all my food on days I work so I don’t have to deal with it. . After all of this is done with my gut I am never having a milk shake again in my life! I am so happy and grateful to be cancer free that it seems almost petty to be complaining about pain, about my gut, about being down right angry & pissed & scared all at once. They say there are 5 stages of grief people go through… 1. Denial & isolation 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression and 5. Acceptance These 5 stages don’t necessarily go in any order. I know I have totally hit all of these stages over the last two years dealing with cancer and surgery and recovery and now lately I just feel like I am stuck, stuck in the stupid anger stage. Angry I had cancer, angry every time I look at my hand or feel the pain, angry when I get dressed and see my huge abdominal scar, and so angry when I think of May 7th, the day of my next big dye study and...
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