...true. In fact the oldest known record we have of the use of “Astronomy” was the greek scientist Eratosthenes (276 B.C.- 195 B.C.), who used the sun to calculate the size of the earth, and got very close with his ancient measurement. This and many other events in history lead to what we call space exploration today. What is space exploration you ask? “Isn’t it just a huge waste of money?” is what some individuals would have you believe. The space program here in the united states is currently expanding as it is, but it still all stems from one fundamental place: NASA. But, It is a sad fact, that in reality, NASA does not get as much money, contrary to what is perceived by the american people, and what it does with that miniscule amount of funding is amazing; therefore, NASA should continue to gain funding for its many programs, such as the unrenown research of the universe benefiting both space, and earth at home, and how NASA helps bring closer the ideals and promotes the coexistence of humans across the world; And so,...
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...the total budget NASA has to 18.4 billion. But that number is measly compared to 1200.7 billion that the US spends on the defense sector (“Federal Spending: Where Does the Money Go”). Off the bat, an imbalance is noticeable. In fact, it’s 99.5% noticeable. That’s because NASA’s current budget breakdown in comparison to all the other sectors the US government falls into the bottom .5% of the entire...
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...road tunnel was suggested to Napoleon during a brief peace between France and England. French engineer Albert Mathieu Favier gave Napoleon details of a scheme involving two tunnels, one which would be candle-lit for horse-drawn carriages and the second acting as a sort of drain to take away water seeping into it (Anderson & Roskrow 1994). However the scheme existed only on paper due to the absence of appropriate tunneling techniques. Digging a tunnel under ground is not a novel technology; however, the geology is, especially under the sea. Engineers had to check and hoped to find that a suitable rock for tunneling stretched in an unbroken bed across the channel. Building a tunnel doesn’t require innovative technology, otherwise the government would not approve the project go ahead. However, the actual construction of a 50 km-long Channel Tunnel up to 50 meters below the sea tested the ingenuity and skills of the top minds in the European and American construction industry (Anderson & Roskrow 1994). There were 11 specialized boring machines have been used in total on both, the British and the French sides, to work their way through the chalk marl stratum, which is between the gray chalk and glauconitic layer. The ground condition on the UK side had caused problem. The machine was designed for working in the dry, the UK side hit the wet ground which almost brought tunneling to a halt (Smith, 1994). The chalk was microfissured, which allowed water to pour through into the machine...
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...Jake Saville SCIN136 Week 1 NOAA vs. NASA If I were to testify before congress as the head of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) I would lobby for more money for my program on the pretense that increasing funding would lead to more oceanic research, which in turn could help find new treatments, and potentially a cure for cancer. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention “Each year globally, about 14 million people learn they have cancer, and 8 million people die from the disease”. In the United States alone the number of deaths from cancer totals over 1,500 daily. What if some of these lives could be saved by furthering scientific exploration of the Earth’s oceans? “The National Cancer Institute estimates that about 65 percent of all cancer drugs come from marine life and plants - their bark, roots, leaves and fruits”. Currently the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is the only federal organization with a mission to explore our planets unknown oceans. In 2012 NOAA “received $4.5 billion” (Nnamani, S) from congress, which was $1billion less than their requested amount, and less than a quarter of the $18.7 billion NASA received that same year. $18.7 billion is a enormous amount of money for any government funded organization to receive, but is especially egregious when considering NOAA cannot even get the money they request, and their research may have the potential to save countless lives. Finding these treatments...
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...The immediate question being asked is should people explore deep space. One of the benefits of deep space exploration will be our ability to mine valuable resources from asteroids, eliminating the need for mining metals from the ground and tearing up our planet. Another would be the benefits of furthering medical research. I, for one, feel that Humans should explore deep space, because there are huge benefits for exploring deep space. There are of course obstacles in the way of the benefits of deep space so, what is the price tag on a deep space flight? Is what will be gained be worth the price that tax payers spend? Cost is only part of the problem; NASA has not launched a rocket since the Saturn V rockets used to take astronauts to the moon. And has been seen in recent days, the space shuttles are an old technology and have been retired. Another daunting question is the moral implications of sending people into deep space since they have no idea what effects having a human child in space would have on the child itself nor what effects zero G would have on an expecting mother. How will NASA be able to get exploration vehicles into space? What is needed is a solution to these problems. They need to figure out a way to make space exploration to become affordable. They will need to figure out a way to not only bring in money but also how to make space missions affordable. There may be several ways that this can be accomplished. Also, NASA will need to start out small, perhaps...
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...on significant missions, and how each era differed based on the expected outcome of a mission or program. In addition, the government and the public’s financial support is discussed for each program. The fifth era then leads into the discussion of current funding and cuts from the Obama administration and the future of the agency with different goals in place. NASA has changed the face of America. From the beginning, the administration had very ambitious and innovative ideas that sparked heavy admiration and support yet, also much criticism. This large support and opposition has led to many different obstacles to overcome in progression, such as lack of funding and public support for astronomically innovative ideas. History Lambright (2010) states the most fundamental explanation of the development of NASA, saying, “NASA has a life that is a function of its internal dynamics and political environment. As that environment has changed, NASA has adapted—sometimes voluntarily, other times under pressure. As NASA has altered, so, too, has its relationship with external forces.” He then goes on to explain that the evolution of the organization is separated into five distinct but moderately overlapping eras to describe the accomplishments and obstacles the organization has overcome. Birth The first era Lambright discusses is the birth of NASA in 1958, from the pre-existing agency the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. In this first era, the...
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...Abstract This essay touches on the issue of NASA funding. It tries to persuade NASA as well as the government to increase funding for NASA’s manned space missions. It uses substantial evidence from many sources to help make its argument valid as well as persuasive. Within the essay there is a brief introduction stating the thesis for the topic followed by a background section. This section helps to better explore the topic at hand. The main body of the argument revolves around the reasons with evidence for the thesis statement with refutation. Finally, the conclusion draws everything together by restating the thesis with reasons, and helping to better answer the question of whether funding should be increased for the space program. Introduction “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind!” These words of Neil Armstrong as he took his first steps onto the moon signified one of the greatest achievements of the modern world, and the American space program. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration have been responsible for many stupendous achievements not only for the U.S., but for humans abroad. As of February 2006, their mission statement has been to, “pioneer the future in space exploration, scientific discovery and aeronautics research.” What is the ultimate goal of NASA’s work? Do all of the discoveries we make benefit the general population? Will exploring the universe and searching for life on other planets help us gain the big picture of where we...
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...2002 by former PayPal entrepreneur and Tesla Motors CEO Elon Musk. SpaceX was founded with the goal of reducing space transportation costs and enabling the colonization of Mars. It has developed the Falcon 1 and Falcon 9 launch vehicles, both of which were designed from conception to eventually become reusable. SpaceX also developed the Dragon spacecraft, which are flown into orbit by the Falcon 9 launch vehicle, initially transporting cargo and later planned to carry humans to the International Space Station and other destinations.[1] By 2012, SpaceX had over 40 launches on its manifest representing about $4 billion in contract revenue—with many of those contracts already making progress payments to SpaceX—with both commercial and government (NASA/DOD) customers. As of December 2013, SpaceX has a total of 50 future launches under contract, two-thirds of them are for commercial customers. SpaceX's low launch prices, especially for communication satellites flying to geostationary orbit, have resulted in market pressure on its competitors to lower their own prices. In recent years, the communications satellites launch market has been dominated by "Europe's Arianespace, which flies the Ariane 5, and International Launch Services (ILS), which markets Russia's Proton vehicle." Depending on a number of factors, mostly the size and weight of payload, the cost of a single launch ranges from $100 million to $260...
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...of years on whether the government should fund space programs. Funding space programs for new research is a great idea because it could help us solve many problems on earth such as overpopulation and medicine. Overpopulation may be reduced by space exploration. The population of earth is growing like never before, overpopulation causes many problems like air quality. The world population increased from 3 billion in 1959 to 6 billion by 1999, a doubling that occurred over 40 years. The Census Bureau's latest projections imply that population growth will continue into the 21st century, although more slowly. The world population is projected to grow from 6 billion in 1999 to 9 billion by 2044, an increase of 50 percent that is expected to require 45 years (1). Space exploration can reduce the number of people living on earth by placing them on another planet that could have the same exact environment as earth. If we invest in these space programs they might actually find a planet that is close to the environment of earth. NASA has found planets in the recent years close to size and the atmosphere of earth but they claimed all of them are not livable (2). This indicates that we are closer to the grand prize which is finding a planet that we can live on, if these indications are true we might actually find a planet that people can live on and survive. We are getting closer and closer to finding a sister planet so that mean we should keeping funding NASA and other organizations...
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...Remington Peckinpaw Davis Generic Benchmarking Worksheet |Task A: Problem/Opportunity Statement | |Instructions for Task A: In the Response row, write out the problem/opportunity statements for the scenario for each of the team | |members. | |Response to Task A: | |Betty - Remington Peckinpaw Davis will implement advanced technology and strategic performance management tools and techniques to | |manage cost, increase market share and maintain customer loyalty while remaining a leader in the online trading industry. | | | |Generic Benchmarking—The purpose of generic benchmarking is to identify potential solutions to the problem statements defined in Task | |A. You will do this by looking at how companies in other industries have dealt with similar issues. | |Topic A: Data Reliability | |Response to Topic A: ...
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...Reduction of Aircraft Emissions Carlos Hernandez Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University ASCI 202 Intro into Aeronautical Science August 31,2013 Abstract Carbon emissions produced by aircraft is increasing as people tend to fly more. Aircraft technologies are trying to keep up as newer aircraft are built. As, these carbon emission built up high in the atmosphere they have an effect on the air. NASA and other foreign agencies are working together to eliminate the worlds carbon emission footprint. By building newer engines that are more efficient or developing alternate gases will help with reducing these gases. NASA studies should include research on the environmental effects that aviation has on the public health due to aircraft emissions. Also to eliminate any potential environmental effect these gases have. Aviation is very important to every country and the U.S. has struggled with many issues because of the lack of leadership. As our leadership gets involved the U.S. carbon footprint will be reduce as new technology is invented. Reduction of Aircraft Emissions Over the past five decades, advances in aircraft technology within the aviation field have been rapid, while shaping the way the aviation conducts business. Along with this new technology comes an increasingly higher demand for air travel across the world. As demand for air travel increases, it has become a common way of everyday life. It does not come without cost that is involved with daily operations. Aircraft crossing...
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...Current Market Outlook for Space Business of Space Tourism Abstract This report covers some potential obstacles countries and companies may face when developing space tourism programs. The biggest hurdle will be the technology; companies like SpaceX, Boeing, and Virgin Galactic have good designs, but making those designs may prove to be more difficult. Another big issue that needs to be addressed is International Space Law. Many of the treaties were written at the beginning of the space race and only apply to trained astronauts. There will need to be new or revised treaties to cover the limits of private companies and the civilians they transport to space. The third issue covered is the safety and ethics of sending humans to space for a profit. Trained astronauts go through extensive programs to ensure they are ready for the elements of space. Proper measures will need to be taken to make sure civilians will have a safe and enjoyable trip. All of these topics are addressed in detail in this report; in the end however, it is evident that a few companies are on the right path to sending tourists to space. Introduction For centuries, the idea of space has intrigued scientists and engineers who constantly searched for ways to learn more and eventually get there. In 1961, during the heart of the Cold War, Russian cosmonaut, Yuri Gagarin, became the first person in space. Ever since that first major accomplishment, space agencies around the world have tried to push...
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...The real reason Apollo missions made countless trips out of space was because they were in competition with Russia. We wanted to get to the moon first to prove we were more worthy than the Russians, who'd scared everybody with Sputnik I, the first artificial satellite, and Yury Gagarin, the first human in orbit. Russia was achieving things out of space that the United States weren’t. President John F. Kennedy refused to keep coming in second so he helped fund extra money to NASA and insisted that they try to land a man on the moon before the decade was over. NASA didn’t want the President looking crazy making promises that he couldn’t keep to the Country so they tried their hardest to come up with the best spaceship and the best plan to get us on the moon. On April 12, 1961, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first person to fly in space, even though he didn’t quite actually make it to the actual moon that was more than the NASA had ever traveled. On July 21st, 1969 achieved their goal of landing Americans on the moon. At 2:56 UTC, Neil Armstrong became the first astronaut ever to walk on the face of the moon. Additional flight objectives included scientific exploration by the lunar module, or LM, crew; deployment of a television camera to transmit signals to Earth; and deployment of a solar wind composition experiment, seismic experiment package and a Laser Ranging Retro reflector. During the exploration, the two astronauts were to gather samples of lunar-surface materials...
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...Assessment 1 – Short Essay Unit: Contract & Procurement Optimisation 501 Word Count: 1678 Trimeser 3 2009 Face to Face GSB Perth Sam Tsakisiris (14110016) Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………………………3 Part 1 - Discussion of Statement…………………………...........................................3 Part 2 - Discussion of definitions…………………………………………...…………4 Part 3 - Discussion of two examples…………………………………………………..5 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………..6 References.....................................................................................................................7 Appendices....................................................................................................................8 Introduction The following short essay will look to address a number of topics surrounding the basic tasks involved in the procurement process. The author will first address the following statement: “Procurement is simply a process that is never in the news. Even the tasks are simple: completion of the necessary forms, obtaining the necessary approvals and just issue the order. What is so difficult about that?” As part of the process of addressing the above statement, the author will uncover a number of academic & professional definitions of procurement, before arriving at his own. The author will then provide two examples of where procurement has been “in the news” and provide discussion how the definitions provided...
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...of the first Atomic bombs in existence. These tests were the dawn of military growth and development, something in which today is a problem, driving fear in the nations of the world who only has the solution, is to build bigger than their opponents, also known as Militarism. This is an issue currently facing the United States of America, with almost twice the size of a military compared to it’s second ranking opponent Russia in World firepower, and continuously building. “In the past 10 years, overall military spending has more than doubled”(Paul 2). Yes, twice the size of a military, but 9 times the military budget, now how does that sound, possibly depressing when you get into the money talk. The United States has many more problems it should be placing its focus on aside from building an already overwhelming military power. These things range from National Debt, the current Healthcare/Education system in place, Where all the tax money and how much is actually going into the military, and space exploration. “Cutting Military Spending Does Not Mean Cutting Defense”(Paul 2). As said by Ron Paul, a US...
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