...National Health Care System “Of all the forms of inequality, injustice in health care is the most shocking and inhumane.” Martin Luther King, Jr. A national health care system is a program operated by the government, designed to provide health care for people in need of medical assistance. All industrial nations except the United States have a national health care system that covers everyone. Generally, in the U.S. health care systems are privately funded insurance companies. The U.S. has three forms of governmental health care; Medicare for the elderly, Medicaid for lower income families, and the Children‘s Health Insurance Program. The problem with these health care systems is that many people fall short of qualifying. Is the U.S. in dire need of a national health care system or should we always rely on the familiar and dependable; as in private health care systems? In the U.S. billions of dollars are spent each year on health care; “approximately 232 million out of a total of 274 million people now have health insurance” (Blue Cross Blue Shield 2001); leaving 42 million people uninsured. Insurance can be expensive for people to attain on their own, this explains why the majority are covered mainly through private health care provided by their employers. Not all employers provide insurance, such as, small business who can‘t afford to provide coverage for their employees. People who have insurance frequently waste money on health care that exceeds their needs; while...
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...London: A National Healthcare Perspective Kaye Leonard Pfeiffer University MHA 776 Dr. James Leist Dr. Gwendolan Swain Abstract This paper provides an overall impression of the United Kingdom’s health service, inception of the National Health Service, challenges the NHS faces regarding financial sustainability, providing effective and efficient care, and the move towards more privatization . Comparisons are made between the National Health Service and heathcare in the United States across multiple sectors that include acute care settings, skilled nursing facilities, primary care providers and regualtions governing nursing practice and the challenges faced by both systems. Table of Contents Introduction 4 Background 4 Impression of the NHS 5 Mr. John Smith Director, Civil Eyes Research 7 Mr. Andrew Cheesbrough, CEO Orders of St. John Care Trust 8 Mr. Robert Creighton, Transition Director and Government Advisor on Public Health 9 Dr. Elizabeth Fellows-Smith. Senior Policy Advisor, Mental Health 10 Dr. Rodney Taylor, Former Medial Director NHS Hospital 12 Professor Simon de Lusignan, Primary Care 12 Mr. Bernell Bussue, Director of London Region,Royal College of Nursing 12 Mr. Paul Holdom, CEO The London Clinic 14 Professor Duncan Empy, Group Medical Director of BMI Healthcare 14 Shirley Kramer, Chief Executive Institute of Healthcare Management 16 Strengths and Weaknesses 16 Summary 17 References...
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...Improving Quality and Value in the U.S. Health Care System By: Niall Brennan, Nicole Cafarella, S. Lawrence Kocot, Aaron McKethan, Marisa Morrison, Nadia Nguyen, Mark Shepard and Reginald D. Williams II Share on email Share on twitter Share on facebook Share on linkedin More... Share on google_plusone_share Share on stumbleupon Share on reddit Share on print Executive Summary The U.S. health care system faces significant challenges that clearly indicate the urgent need for reform. Attention has rightly focused on the approximately 46 million Americans who are uninsured, and on the many insured Americans who face rapid increases in premiums and out-of-pocket costs. As Congress and the Obama administration consider ways to invest new funds to reduce the number of Americans without insurance coverage, we must simultaneously address shortfalls in the quality and efficiency of care that lead to higher costs and to poor health outcomes. To do otherwise casts doubt on the feasibility and sustainability of coverage expansions and also ensures that our current health care system will continue to have large gaps — even for those with access to insurance coverage. There is broad evidence that Americans often do not get the care they need even though the United States spends more money per person on health care than any other nation in the world. Preventive care is underutilized, resulting in higher spending on complex, advanced diseases. Patients with chronic diseases such as hypertension...
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...An optimistic comparison of British National Healthcare and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act During the past 5 years we have heard a great deal of rhetoric regarding socialism and healthcare as a result of the passing of the Affordable Care Act, particularly in how ACA compares to socialized medicine in England and the UK. The concerns of the people regarding socialism are important as our country is founded on capitalist principals, and to change those principals requires a complete shift in our thinking. A close look at the systems in question reveals important aspects for consideration; indeed it is important to be aware of the potential future of the ACA. While the English National Healthcare System and the Affordable Care Act have similarities, funding and administrative differences mean that while the ACA could become socialized, it does not currently fit that label. The primary concern of the American people concerning the ACA is, understandably, how this system will fit into the capitalist system that we are so very proud of and whether it will be the start of our nation moving toward complete socialism. Merriam-Webster defines socialism as “any of various economic and political theories advocating collective or governmental ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods”. In other words, the state controls business and commerce directly rather than through governmental regulations. Social services...
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...Healthcare Trends in the National Market Franklin University Abstract Current studies by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicate that age adjusted death rates are down for major causes of death like cancer and heart disease. Although these findings suggest the healthcare system is well regulated, Americans are not happy with it overall. Out of 12 concerns over healthcare in the United States each one seems just as important as the predecessor. Alzheimer’s disease linked deaths have spiked with unintentional incident related deaths climbing as well. These issues will surely be met by an adapting system as it reacts to the needs of a market. The industry is currently heavily regulated by the government but the citizens are calling for more change. Healthcare Trends in the National Market The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has near comprehensive data in a variety of areas including morbidity and mortality that give insight to important trends that have impacted the healthcare system in the United States of America. The system is and will continue to be ever changing and evolving as the United States has a reactive system that is prone to great sways as it is manipulated by trends in disease and treatments. The CDC reported data from a 10 year time span regarding deaths among males and females. The leading cause of death for both sexes was heart disease, which was examined along with cancer, strokes, chronic lower respiratory disease...
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...University September 17, 2014 When referring to healthcare, defining the quality of healthcare can be different because there are various individuals involved with different views. These individuals with different views are stakeholders. “AHRQ, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, has defined stakeholders as persons or groups that have invested interest in a clinical decision and the evidence that supports that decision.”(The Effective Health Care Program Stakeholder Guide, 2014). The stakeholders that make up healthcare (includes internal and external stakeholders) but are not limited to providers, payers, employers, employees, and patients. They care about the behavior and financial performance of the healthcare facilities. The primary stakeholders are those that are involved with economic transactions in healthcare. These stakeholders are customers, employers, etc. Secondary stakeholders are those that are indirectly engaged in economic transactions, but those that can be affected by or can be affected. These stakeholders are community members, the media, the public, etc. Each stakeholder has a different view in how and what they want when pertaining to healthcare. Stakeholders are a valuable source of information about what can and will not work in the system of care. Providers view the quality of healthcare. They are also known as the “frontline” workers. Providers show an interest in better providing...
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... October 6, 2013 The Impact of the IOM Report on Nursing Key Message #1:“Nurses should practice to the full extent of their education and training” (Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, 2010, p. 85). The impact that the IOM report has had on nursing and it’s future, as we know it has been colossal already. The report that was obtained in 2010 shows us the importance of nursing in patient centered care and the delivery of more primary care than specialty care as well as the focus of shifting care into the community instead of the acute care setting. If we as professionals can alter this shift in healthcare we will provide advanced quality care, decrease errors and provide better safety. The call for the advanced degree practitioner (APN) and physician assistant (PA) is vast; the IOM report is calling for advanced degree practitioners (APN) and physician assistants (PA) to be able to practice to the extent in which they were trained so that they may be able to take some of the burden off the shrinking medical profession and an already fragmented healthcare system. The hope is by giving the APN and PA a less restrictive role in health care it will help to streamline the fragmented healthcare system as well as significantly bringing down costs. These streamlined plans have already proved effective in the Geisinger Health System of Pennsylvania, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs and Kaiser Permanente. Comprehensive...
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...Healthcare Disparities amongst minorities Racial and ethnic minorities have a predisposition to obtain a lower quality of healthcare than those of non-minorities, even when access-related factors, such as a patients’ insurance status and income, are measured. The sources of these disparities are complex, and are rooted in historic and contemporary injustices, and includes numerous participants at several levels, including health systems, their administrative and bureaucratic processes, utilization managers, healthcare professionals, and patients. Research and studies have found indications that stereotyping, prejudices, and uncertainty on the behalf of healthcare providers can all contribute to unequal treatment. The situations in which many clinical encounters take place - written off as high time pressure, cognitive complexity, and pressures for cost containment, may perhaps increase the chance that these practices will consequently result in care poorly matched to minority patients’ needs. Minorities can experience a range of other barriers to accessing care, even when insured at the same level as Caucasians; which may include language barriers, geographical areas, and cultural familiarities. Furthermore, financial and institutional arrangements of health systems, as well as the legal, regulatory, and political atmosphere in which they function, may have unequal and negative effects on minorities’ capability to reach quality care. A widespread, multi-level...
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...Costs Of Healthcare Christine Amargo HCA305 The U.S. Health Care System Sherry Grover June 9, 2014 Everyone wants to have access to health care and in order to access it they need insurance, but unfortunately not everyone can afford health insurance. The United States spends more money on health care than any other country, but raise the cost of health insurance to the citizens. Health care should be affordable if the government is willing to spend as much money as they are on it. Health insurance should be able to affordable to all classes lower, middle, and higher. The citizens of the United States has the right to know why their insurances cost are going up and if they are going to get more bang for their buck. The reason why healthcare cost is rising each year is because no one is managing the spending. Money is being spent between all accounts of healthcare and shared amongst each other. There needs to be a line where companies stop spending and try to manage the money they have if they don’t the cost of healthcare will just keep rising. The primary issues of healthcare cost are access to healthcare, and affordability of healthcare. The United States health care spending has been growing rapidly for many years, but many citizens are without appropriate health care. This is affecting the two governments major health insurance Medicaid and Medicare and the private insurance companies. As the health care spending rises, the citizens will be faced with difficult choices...
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...The overall goal in today’s healthcare is to obtain better care and lower the cost of receiving healthcare. As the healthcare system is comprised of employers, physicians, healthcare professionals, consumer and patient advocacy groups, patients quality organizations, health plans, hospitals and unions, they all must join together to establish an effective and efficient system. The PCMH’s do just this as they improve health outcomes, heighten the patient and provider experience of care. Also they reduce expensive, unnecessary hospital and emergency department utilization. On the opposing side, the healthcare systems that focus more on volume rather than value are constantly facing inefficiencies, having inconsistent health outcomes, and unstable financials. For these reasons there has been growing support for the PCMH across the vast majority of the United States. One of the most influencial benefits of the PCMH is the patient and family engagement. The PCMH’s initiatives are conveying the expectation for authentic patient and family engagements. This type of engagement happens at a few different levels within its system. As a patient one of the most important engagements is at the clinical encounter. This is where the patient and family engage in the care, the planning, and most importantly the decision-making. One of the hardest and most difficult process’ in your health is making decisions. PCMH’s give the patient and family a sense of trust and comfort. Engagements also occur...
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...Public Health in Mumbai Student Name Course/Number Date Instructor Name PART ONE Mumbai is a traditional Indian city regarded as the commercial hub of India and parts of Asia. The city is a collection of several islands with one of the largest population densities in the world. Administratively, the city is divided into smaller administrative regions such as Greater Mumbai and the Mumbai Metropolitan Region. The city is also the most populous in India, with over 12 million residents occupying the opportunities in industries and providing a massive labour reservoir for larger Asia (Census of India, 2011). The large number of people in the city has created numerous challenges in the Asian country. Demography of Mumbai The city boasts of a diverse mix of cultures and religions due to the influx of people looking for opportunities. Hindu still remains the predominant religion, with most cultural practices and lifestyle associated with Hinduism. Over 60% of the city’s population ascribe to Hindu as a religion and culture (Census of India, 2011). The rest is a mix of Muslims, Christians, Buddhists, and, to a lesser extent, Jain, Jewish and Sikh religions. This religious and cultural mix gives the city a rich and diverse mix of culture, despite the predominance of Hindu. According to the Indian census carried out in 2011, Mumbai features a sex ratio of 922 (Census of India, 2011). This suggests that the number of women is almost equal to the number of men in the city....
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...Healthcare is changing rapidly. Nurses are at the forefront of patient care. In order to deliver patient centered care, nurses should be involved in decision making. Leadership is required to make changes. They must collaborate with physicians and other healthcare providers in making changes starting at the bedside ( The United States Institute of Medicine and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation 2011). Striving for positions at the government levels will allow nurses voices to be heard. Many health organizations are moving from the authoritative leadership to a leadership style that allows open communication and staff involvement in decisions making. The United States Institute of Medicine and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (2011) indicate that in addition to knowledge and experiences, all nurses must develop leadership skills in order to fully collaborate with physicians and other health professionals to achieve positive outcomes. To improve patient outcome teamwork is the key word. A nurse manager can help create a positive culture by engaging all staff nurses to have a voice in...
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...determination was related at workshops directed by the AMIA to enhance opportunities for future successes, with a research agenda and recommendations. The AMIA was convicted to take a leadership role and come up with practical projects that would likely succeed in a health care setting. Introduction In February 2009 Congress appropriated $20 billion for health information technology as a part of the President’s stimulus package. Then the United State joined with other countries to benefit from healthcare technology. Because of the changes made to Medicare and private insurance plans, new paradigm for payments have been made to reflect Value-Based Purchasing (VBP), or pay for performance initiatives (P4P). These initiatives rely on electronic health records to document clinical services. There is growing concerns about how that technology is ultimately designed and deployed. The United States National Research Council advised that nationwide deployment of...
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...Abstract Computerized Provider Order Entry or CPOE is a computer application that accepts physician’s orders electronically and replaces handwritten orders and prescriptions. It is considered one of the key features of an Electronic Health Record (EHR). CPOE’s can improve a patient’s safety, patient quality of care and physician’s efficiency. The implementation of CPOE’s in healthcare facilities have been recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the National Quality Forum. CPOE - Computerized Provider Order Entry Computerized Provider Order Entry or CPOE is a computer application that accepts physician’s orders electronically and replaces handwritten orders and prescriptions. It is considered one of the key features of an Electronic Health Record (EHR). CPOE’s can improve a patient’s safety, patient quality of care and physician’s efficiency. “CPOE is recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the National Quality Forum as one of the 30 “Safe Practices for Better Healthcare.” The Leapfrog Group also recommends CPOE implementation as one of its first three recommended “leaps” for improving patient safety” (Computerized Provider Entry, p1p7). There are many benefits that CPOE’s provide such as eliminating problems with handwriting, reducing storage space, since they have taken the place of traditional paper-based charts, reducing medication errors, faster transmission of prescriptions to the pharmacy. The CPOE also offers alerts...
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...performance to meet multiple internal and external needs and demands. Internally they measure current performance that identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the current process giving insight of areas that needs improvement. When measuring the external performance objectives you are assessing healthcare provider accountability, decision-making, public reporting, organizational evaluation and supporting national improvement goals and activities. The framework for measurement is support by leadership commitment, staff understanding and participation, partnership with key stakeholders, performance improvement oversight, use of a performance improvement method, development of performance improvement protocol, the identification and response to performance improvement resources, recognition and acknowledgement of performance improvement efforts and continuous assessment of improvement efforts. Control charts and comparison charts are tools used to track performance measurement data. Control charts mange process stability and control, it is a graph with a central line used to study how process changes over time within an organizations norms, they are able to tell a healthcare organization whether the changes they made towards quality improvement was effective. Comparison chart analysis evaluates the organizations performance against the standard norm of several organizations. Chapter 8 The profiling of physicians is to...
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