...Disease: Native American Culture Before Columbus European exploration, a movement introduced in the 15th century and motivated by commercial interests, religious expansion, and fame. When Europeans explored the New World, they encountered various Native American tribes which led to the exchange of ideas and commodities between the Old and New World, or the Columbian Exchange. The Columbian Exchange later resulted in a massive outbreak of disease among Native Americans which severely decreased population. I chose this topic to expose the religious traditions and cultural values that were lost when disease struck. My research began with both the objectives of spanish explorers when first colonizing America and first encounters...
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...american indiansThe Effects of Colonization on the Native Americans Native Americans had inherited the land now called America and eventually their lives were destroyed due to European Colonization. When the Europeans arrived and settled, they changed the Native American way of life for the worst. These changes were caused by a number of factors including disease, loss of land, attempts to export religion, and laws, which violated Native American culture. Native Americans never came in contact with diseases that developed in the Old World because they were separated from Asia, Africa, and Europe when ocean levels rose following the end of the last Ice Age. Diseases like smallpox, measles, pneumonia, influenza, and malaria were unknown to the Native Americans until the Europeans brought these diseases over time to them. This triggered the largest population decline in all recorded history. Fifty percent of the Native American population had died of disease within twenty years. Soon after, Native Americans began to question their religion and doubted the ability of shamen to heal. This was the first step towards the destruction of Native cultures. The Native Americans had never experienced anything like these deadly diseases before and they came to believe that Europeans had the power to kill or give life. Many Native groups, because they were nomadic, didn't see land as belonging to one person. The idea that someone could come in, claim a piece of land and ban them...
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...Zinn's A People’s History and Charles C. Mann’s 1491 talk about the facts of the before and after of the voyages of Columbus and how they are misinterpreted. Zinn’s and Mann’s views of the Americas before and after Columbus compare to the traditional more vague notions, because they present the idea that the Native Americans were as advanced as the Europeans , and that Columbus and his men oppressed the natives soon after interacting with them. Both Zinn and Mann have written in their texts that before Columbus came into contact with the New World,...
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...Peninsula from the Muslim occupiers. Protestants- Europeans...
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...Melinda Houk Unit 4 AIU Online HUMA215-1202B-17 May 12, 2012 Abstract Europeans had their first encounters, with Native Americans, in the seventh century. The area, in which it was mostly confined to, was in the eastern part of the continent. They accelerated westward, during the aftermath, of Louisiana Purchase, and the Revolutionary war. The non-western cultural groups, which were listed in the assignment text, were; African, Chinese, Indian, Japanese, and Native American. I was asked to choose one of these groups, and discuss the impact, that the Western, or European cultures, had on the group. .(Sayre, 2008)). The non-western group, which I decided to research on, is the Native American group. Unit 4 Europeans had their first encounters, with Native Americans, in the seventh century. The area, in which it was mostly confined to, was in the eastern part of the continent. They accelerated westward, during the aftermath, of Louisiana Purchase, and the Revolutionary war. The non-western cultural groups, which were listed in the assignment text, were; African, Chinese, Indian, Japanese, and Native American. I was asked to choose one of these groups, and discuss the impact, that the Western, or European cultures, had on the group. . (Sayre, 2008)). The non-western group, which I decided to research on, is the Native American group. The Western nations, in the last part of the nineteenth century, were revitalized by the effectiveness of the new...
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...WHO WERE THE FIRST AMERICANS BY: Charlie Rutherford Professor: Joseph Chryst English 115 Date: 11/18/11 North America was once a place of great mystery. It may have even been labeled as a rumor by some adventures in the eastern world. This led to curiosity and years of research. All along, the great nations of Europe and Asia were in a race to further expand their territory by exploring the “New World.” Both of these civilizations built boats as fast as they could to try to reach that magical place where no one had ever been before. This land that had been dreamt up and needed to be further explored. However, did any of these civilizations stop to think about the natives of this land? Had these explores even considered what other types of people may live there? All of the evidence clearly points to Native Americans as the “Real Americans.” This was their land and they were invaded by more powerful and advanced nations. The Native Americans were spread out covering much of North and South America. Before contact with the Europeans, the Native Americans were divided into many different tribes, from small bands of a few families to large empires. Although all of these tribes did not get along always and feuded over territory and cultural differences, they still had a system in place where all of them agreed on how to govern and take care of the land. In comparison, countries declare war on each other all the time. These nations were no different. However, the more advanced...
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...“Culture Paper: American Indian Pride” December 2. 2012 Survey of Exceptionalities 1. What is the name of this culture? The name of the culture of people I selected is the American Indians of North American. I did not want to select just one type or subgroup of this culture, but capture a few elements of the people altogether as one whole culture. The four largest tribes of American Indians are Navajo (308,013), Cherokee (285, 476), Sioux (131, 048), and Chippewa (115, 859). These tribes of American Indians are the most indentify by people of this culture - according to the website www.infoplease.com. Each tribe has a special tradition or custom that is passed down from generation to generation, but the three common core themes of American Indians were family, story telling, and ritual dance. (Wikipedia, 2012) 2. What language do the people of this culture speak? I will continue to discuss American Indians as one whole culture, but will use the Navajo tribe above and explain the native tongue of their people. The Navajo people speak the native language of Navajor. Each tribe had their own native tongue common to the people of that subgroup, but all American Indians shared a common core element of hieroglyphics that told stories of past experiences or explain the existence of mankind. For example, The Navajo had ancient text on the Sacred Mountains, which was described as the Four Sacred Mountain of the Dire. These ancient images could be found on the sides of rocks...
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...centeredness” of culture would have meant for a given cultural group, in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. This paper describes the Western and European cultures on Native Americans. It discusses what they were like prior to the late nineteenth century and how they changed as a result of European expansion. Last but not least, you will know how this change representative of what Sayre calls a “loss of centeredness. The term “Western Civilization” in this context means European civilization, mainly for the countries known for their exploratory expeditions which include Spain, Portugal, France, and England. Cultures such as the Native Americans, West Africans, Indians, Chinese, and so many others were invaded and occupied by these European nations. They were killed, had to change their religion to Christianity, and were sent away from their homelands. The leaders were replaced by Europeans. They looked at these conquered lands as “satellites” of their home country and encouraged the people to act as much like them as they could, or at least seem as though they were in the same culture and work for them, go to their church, and learn their place as second class citizens. After all, they were looked upon as savages and uncivilized people who needed guidance. The people inhabiting the areas of North America were the Native Americans. The Native Americans did not fare well with the early colonies and later the United States came in contact with them and began...
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...European Influence on the Diegueno The biggest change to the Native American’s lives, which is the root to most of the other changes, was the exchanging of goods with the European traders and trappers. The Europeans wanted furs, leather, and other hides that could only be found in North America. And new plants not found in Europe (such as tobacco). The Diegueno would bring these goods to the trading posts. The furs were from animals such as beavers, deer, antelope and buffalo. They also brought along with them the desired crops. In exchange, the Native Americans were introduced to new goods such as wheat. flour, cloth, muskets, and rifles. The use of Firearms, particularly the musket, completely changed hunting for the Diegueno tribe. They were able to hunt more effectively and in a fraction of the time. Before gunpowder was introduced, whoever was hunting would have to craft arrows and spears out of wood and stone, along with the bow itself, and then had to use the primitive weapon to hunt. The muskets made it so the hunter would not have to prepare much to go out hunting...
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...that comprised the Columbian Exchange, changed both the economy and the culture in the Old and New World....
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...Journal Entry of a Native American Journal Entry of a Native American The Cherokee tribes are of a proud heritage that consists of many beautiful cultural traditions. We have found that the earliest contact from European explorers was in the 16th century. We were identified than as being socially and culturally advanced within the Native American tribes. The Cherokee tribes prospered for hundreds of years in the southeastern area of the United States before our first initial contact with Europeans. The Cherokee society and culture grew in developing, progressing, and embracing all of the better cultural aspects the Europeans brought with them. We had formed a government and society that equaled that of the most civilized cultures of the day. Unfortunately, when gold was discovered in 1830, in Georgia, outsiders began began a campaign called the period of “Indian removals”. It began from the orders of the U.S. Supreme Court (“[Justice] John Marshall has made his decision; let him enforce it now if he can.” – Andrew Jackson). Men, women, and children from our tribe and many others, were rounded up for the “removal” from our homes and our property by the orders from the President. We had become a subordinate racial group. Because our cultures were not the same, and obvious physical differences, we were treated as someone less deserving of what we had, therefore it was just taken from us. (Cherokee Nation - The Official Site of the Cherokee Nation, n.d., p. 1) We...
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...TLW understand the impact of exploration on European and native societies. 2. TWL know the roles of key individuals and their impact during exploration. 3. TLW understand the location of European settlements in the New World. 4. TLW apply reading comprehension strategies to social studies. Skills: 1. TLW demonstrate map skills. 2. TLW demonstrate collaboration skills. 3. TLW demonstrate reading skills. 4. TLW demonstrate comprehension skills. 5. TLW demonstrate writing skills. 3. Applicable Tennessee Standards: * Explain the cultures of the Western Hemisphere’s native peoples prior to European contact. * Pre-Colonial Native American groups. * Determine how various groups resolve conflict. * Identify Native American groups in Tennessee and the Western Hemisphere before European expansion. * Reasons for European exploration and settlement. * Understand how to use maps, globes, and other geographic representations, tools, and techniques to acquire, process, and report information from a spatial perspective. * Identify routes of explorers of the Americas. * Identify cultural groups who inhabited North America in the 17th century. * Reasons settlements are founded on major river systems. * Read and interpret facts from a historical passage about an early American Spanish mission. * Describe the immediate and long-term impact of Columbus’s voyages on native populations and on colonization in the Americas...
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...The Cherokee People Nicole Chappell February 10, 2013 The Cherokee People A Native American tribe that resided within the continental United States at the time of first European contact was the Cherokee Indians. They are still around today and better known as The Eastern Band of Cherokees. They had a very unique and creative culture. Although they weren’t very educated and George Guess didn’t finish his development of their own written language until the early 1820s they were fantastic at everything they did in order to survive off of the nature of the land. Major events like the hidden enemy and the “trail of tears” is what demolished most of the original Native American Cherokee Indians. Since The Cherokees were discovered by European settlers when they thought they found what they considered “The new land” it is unsure of their settlement date. However, there are certain artifacts that were discovered that does place them approximately 11,000 years before the first European settlers. Archaeologists tell us that American Indians may have been on the North American continent for fifty thousand years (Kincheloe, J. 2005). The Cherokees were great explorers, hunters, farmers and artisans. They learned quickly to adapt to new and very different climates such as dessert, forest, prairies, and along the ocean. The men used bows and arrows to hunt deer, turkey and small game. The men also used spears and fishing poles to catch fish. The women did the farming...
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...simple opinion about Christopher Columbus that stated, “He set an example for us all by showing what monumental feats can be accomplished through perseverance and faith” (Robinson). Columbus is most well known for his discovery of the Americas but with this came so much more. From 1492 many accomplishments, discoveries, and plagues had left a mark in history. Following the discovery, the entire world had been influenced from the Columbian Exchange where a new trade route started between the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. From the exchange, the chance to explore new cultures, foods and crops became a major opportunity. Though many people believe Columbus was a hero, there were some negative aspects about his voyages. Native American’s lifestyles changed drastically once the Spanish stepped foot on their territory. African and Native Americans were slaves that were forced to change their religion and culture. Also, the spread of diseases, no one thought existed, disrupted the population all over the world. Christopher Columbus is a controversial figure that impacted Modern World History. Many people debate if he is a hero or a villain. Whether people believe that this impact was positive or negative, Columbus is viewed as the courageous and dedicated explorer who made an impression by his voyages all over the globe. Without Christopher Columbus’s ambitions, the discovery of the Americas and the dedication to keep his settlement there may have never happened. It was difficult...
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...Colonization causes many changes in the lives of the people being colonized and those changes can be both good and bad. To me the ideal form of colonization would be how the missionaries who came to Ethiopia did it. European colonization resulted in many negative effects on the Native Americans. Colonization lead to the destruction of the Native Americans’ life as they knew it. Within a short period of time their way of life was changed forever. The changes were caused by a number of factors, including loss of land, disease, enforced laws which violated their culture and much more. When the Europeans arrived they brought with them diseases unknown to the natives. The natives had no immunity to these unknown diseases, so they were easily infected and died from these diseases. This lead to massive deaths in Native American communities as they came into contact with the settlers. The killing of natives was not just done by these unknown diseases but also by the settlers themselves. As the settlers moved farther inland they encountered more and more natives; when the Natives tried to defend their land, they were killed off by the incoming settlers and forced away from their native lands on which they had lived for hundreds of years. Due to this forced migration from their native lands, inland tribes that had...
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