...Southern California presents a varied and somewhat unique region of the state. Beginning in the north, tribes found in this area are the Chumash, Alliklik, Kitanemuk, Serrano, Gabrielino Luiseno Cahuilla, and the Kumeyaay. The landmass and climate varied considerably from the windswept offshore Channel Islands that were principally inhabited by Chumash speaking peoples. Communication with their mainland neighbors was by large and graceful planked canoes powered by double paddle ores. These vessels were called "Tomols" and manufactured by a secretive guild of craftsmen. They could carry hundreds of pounds of trade goods and up to a dozen passengers. Like their northern neighbors, the Tactic speaking peoples of San Nicholas and Santa Catalina Islands built planked canoes and actively traded rich marine resources with mainland villages and tribes. Shoreline communities enjoyed the rich animal and faunal life of ocean, bays and wetlands environments. Interior tribes like the Serrano, Luiseno, Cahuilla, and Kumeyaay shared an environment rich in Sonoran life zone featuring vast quantities of rabbit, deer and an abundance of acorn, seeds and native grasses. At the higher elevations Desert Bighorn sheep were hunted. Villages varied in size from poor desert communities with villages of as little as 100 people to the teaming Chumash villages with over a thousand inhabitants. Conical homes of arroweed, tule or croton were common, while whale bone structures could be found on the coast...
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...With higher rates of chronic disease and premature death among Native Americans, there has been more research exploring the causative factors for these outcomes (Drabiak-Syed 177; Pacheco 2152). One of these studies, the Havasupai study, informed tribe members that they would be collecting blood in order to explore factors contributing to the high rates of Type II diabetes among the tribe (“Havasupai Tribe and Lawsuit Settlement”). Unknown to the tribe members, the researchers were also utilizing the tribe’s blood to explore stigmatizing subjects, such as migration and inbreeding (“Havasupai Tribe and Lawsuit Settlement”). This resulted in a long litigation process, which ended with the research institution providing the tribe with monetary...
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...University of Phoenix Material Research Plan As part of your research plan, you must first draft a research question for your research paper that will guide the rest of your writing. A research question, which is more specific and focused than a general topic, is the question that your research paper will answer. For example, if your general area of interest is social security, a possible research question might ask, “How can low-income families save more money if the United States had a reformed social security plan that includes personal retirement accounts?” As you develop a research question, remember that you need to research sources to support your topic. Do not pick a one-sided question that will limit your research. Instead, develop a research question that lends itself to further exploration and debate—a question you genuinely want to know the answer to. Try to pick a research question that is neither too broad (covering too much) or too narrow (covering too little). It should be broad enough to be discussed in a short research paper. Part 1: Complete the Research Plan |What is your general topic or area of interest? |My general topic area of interest is Native American Culture. | | | | | | ...
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...Disease: Native American Culture Before Columbus European exploration, a movement introduced in the 15th century and motivated by commercial interests, religious expansion, and fame. When Europeans explored the New World, they encountered various Native American tribes which led to the exchange of ideas and commodities between the Old and New World, or the Columbian Exchange. The Columbian Exchange later resulted in a massive outbreak of disease among Native Americans which severely decreased population. I chose this topic to expose the religious traditions and cultural values that were lost when disease struck. My research began with both the objectives of spanish explorers when first colonizing America and first encounters...
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...you for your interest in the change, growth and empowerment of Native Youth Education. This curriculum was developed specifically for educators in the state of Maine’s public high schools who wish to use this guide as a tool to improve Native Youth Education. NEG (Native Education Guide) provides lesson ideas and examples that support current lesson structures as well as implementing a culturally appropriate material for the Native Student. While many Native Education curriculums exist, NEG is designed to adapt to the block scheduling of the Public High School in Maine. This curriculum recognizes the appropriate education material needed for its intended audience, which focuses on the tribes of Maine whose youth attend Public High School. NEG aims to provide its learners with a set of educational experiences that encourages empowerment and positive Native identity through community education. Native Education is the study of the human, tribal, environmental, historical and social experience of the Natives of Maine. Native Education is very complex with a lot of variables such as time, space, place and the students; NEG therefore focuses on a number of messages: - Community Building - Seventh Generation Sustainability, Economics and Ecology - School Education Policies and Institutions (Boarding Schools to Current Education Models) - Colonization and the “White Expansion” - Cultural Appropriation - Native Ritual, Ceremonies, Practices, Healing Circle - Dominant Religions...
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...Policies in Native American Communities Devyn Vazquez Nova Southeastern University The indigenous people of North America have settled in areas across the present day United States and continue to live on and off reservations throughout America’s fifty states. Throughout Native Americans longstanding history the significant battle with alcohol has not only tarnished the culture of numerous tribes and the public perception of American Indians, but alcohol use has ruined the lives of countless people. The introduction of alcohol in Native American societies began with English explorer Henry Hudson in the early 1600’s during the exploration of what is now considered the New York City metropolitan area. The brief encounter began as an attempt to thwart any possible mischievous plans of the Mohawk chief and continues to harm the Native American people (Morris 1880). As of 2010, the United States population contains 4.1 million individuals who identify themselves as having American Indian or Alaska Native heritage. Within this population, Native Americans are six times more likely to die from alcohol related causes, have a life expectancy rate six years lower than the national average, and report heavy alcohol use almost double the other ethnicities in America (American Psychiatric Association 2010). There is never a simple solution to the complex problem of alcohol within any ethnicity and this toxic relationship is ever present in many Native American communities. Both...
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...Cross Cultural Research Paper Research is essential to all disciplines in Psychology, including Cross Cultural Psychology, for theory development, theory testing and to test theories against other theories. Also, research is a way to test ideas and hypothesis about different cultures related to specific concepts and trends gender, immigration attitudes, and comparative research compares different cultures to determine how they differ and/or are similar on such concepts as gender issues, child rearing, cognition, attitudes, etc. as they relate to culture. That is cross-cultural relative study and additional kinds of study can be concerned in the methods in which culture and correlated ideas for instance ethnicity influences the behavior and thinking of human being also how human being behavior and believe explain and reveal phases of an individual culture. Research builds the knowledge base for cross cultural psychology and investigates and tests the major trends in the field. Research investigates different cultures on a number of domains in Cross-Cultural Psychology. Certain trends or domains are prevalent in the field of cross cultural psychology including evolution and biology, awareness and reasoning, morals and outlooks, social psychology, behavior in culture, therapy and mental health, gender issues, parenting and human development, cultural change and ethnic psychology, also work and structural psychology. Additional trends consist of collectivism and individualism,...
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...writing to you today to express some of the feelings I have about my Native American ancestors and how the experiences that they have had throughout U.S. History have affected us in political, social, cultural issues and concerns as well. As you know, we were the first of our kind to come to “American” lands. And because we “looked” different than those other European people that came to our land, we were looked upon as the “enemy.” Many of the women in our tribes did the cultivation of numerous crops such as beans, squash, and corn; while the men of the tribes were the hunters and protectors of the tribes. And since our tribes told of our history instead of writing it down, the Europeans were able to say that they came to the “American” lands before we did. In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed a the Indian Removal Act, which allowed the government to relocate Native Americans from their homelands within established states to lands west of the Mississippi River. This was to accommodate the European-American expansion into the U.S. lands. There were numerous Indian wars during the duration of the American Civil War, which were frequent up until 1890’s. There were still wars, but not as many, up until the 20th century. The transcontinental railroad brought over more non-Native into more of the tribal lands. But over a period of time the U.S. finally decided to force a series of treaties and land concessions by the tribes and helped reservations in the western states. But the U.S. also...
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...Teen suicide in male Native American teens Elizabeth Nather Teen suicide in male Native American teens Community can be interpreted and defined in a variety of ways depending on the group, it’s purpose, size, their interests, makeup, history, and bonds. Some communities have a history together while others form for just a short period of time. Because of these variables, a community can exist for different reasons, and have a unique make up with its own particular standards and goals. While one community may exist to counsel its members short term, another may have existed for many years with the goal of promoting future generations and preserving the history and traditions of their community. Webster defines community as, “a group of people with a common background or with shared interests within a society (Meriam Webster, 2010). The Native American Indians are an identified community. They share a common history and have shared interests within their society. Theirs is a unique culture with rich traditions and beliefs that have been passed on through many generations; a culture very different from many typical US ones. Historically, Native American communities have encouraged interdependence among Indian youth, families, and community connections (Long, et al.,2006). As these communities foster interdependence, many Native American youth are faced with a one sided knowledge of American society. The reservation is all they know so they cannot acclimate to...
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...Native American Gaming in the U.S. Sarah E. Wall TM 378 University of Southern Mississippi The casino industry is a large industry in the U.S. According to Business Insider, the gaming industry in the U.S. is worth over $240 billion dollars (Pierceall, 2014). In 2013, it employed nearly 1.7 million people (Pierceall, 2014). Gaming, gambling, is what the casino industry is made of. Gambling is to make a prediction of an uncertain outcome and the back the decision with money (Hashimoto & Fenich, 2007). Gaming was a tradition amongst the Native Americans long before the arrival of Christopher Columbus. Native American Gaming is still a huge part of gaming in the U.S. today. History of Native American Gaming: Long before the ships of Columbus brought playing cards to North America, the indigenous people engaged in gambling activities (“Native American Gaming”, n.d.). According to History of Native American Gaming, 2009: “Gaming is not new to Native Americans. In fact, it has been a part of our culture since the beginning of time.” Stewart Culin’s Games of North America Indians classifies the hundreds of Native games into two categories. These categories include (“Native American Gaming, n.d.): 1) Games of chance, including dice games and guessing games 2) Games of dexterity, encompassing archery, javelin and darts, shooting, ball games, and racing games These categories were found among all of the North American tribes when the Europeans invaded the North...
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...Joel Fernando 11-11-08 HIST-281 WI Research Paper Rough Draft Native Americans in the Civil War The American Civil War was fought between the Unions, from the northern region of America, and the Confederacy, from the southern region of America. A war that was started because of slavery and fought between western europeans and incidentally people who live on the land such as Native American. The battles fought were all over the land in America. So, if a territory was on the land, then the people who lived there would inevitably get involved with the war. Battles were fought on indian territory, and as a result many Native Americans got involved in with the Civil War. The reason why Native Americans got involved in the Civil War was because they were recruited by the Confederate or the Union to fight for their territory. Between 1861 to 1865 Native Americas fought truculently for themselves in each battle in the Civil War. It was their right to fight for territory, which gave them a choice to fight or another choice to move their lifestyle and their culture to another place. The territory that the Native Americans had were so important to them because of the natural resources and knowledge they had from the land. Moving to a different place would be difficult because they would have to start over from nothing. Many Native Americas thought they could try and avoid the war, but it was uneasy to ignore the Civil War. Native American tribes would try to completely avoid confutation...
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...Tribal gaming started decades ago with something as simple as bingo night. Members of the Cheyenne tribe would have their bingo night in gymnasiums or community centers. Many casinos are on reservations for government reasons, such as no tax fee, but others are off reservations. Some individuals agree that the effects of tribal gaming are negative because crime rates have increased. Others disagree with that claim and say that the effects of tribal gaming are positive because employment, population in the reservation, and income has increased. The Cheyenne are not the only Native American tribe that own casinos. Most tribes own around four to six casinos, and have them in the same state. Tribal casinos increase the employment rate because...
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...children are exposed to stereotypes and misrepresentations of Native Americans, with a stereotype being “preconceived or oversimplified generalizations usually, but not always, involving negative beliefs about a particular group” (Brunette). For children to learn the stereotypes so young and to think that that is how a certain group of people really is, only perpetuates the cycle of how some races or ethnic groups are treated, even something as seemingly innocent as Disney’s Pocahontas or Virginia Grossman’s Ten Little Rabbit, can really be a stereotype in hiding. “…Children between 2 and 5 years of age start to become aware of race, ethnicity, gender, and disabilities…Children learn stereotypes and attitudes about race from their parents, caretakers and the world around them” (Brunette). The knowledge that young children hold about Native Americans can vary greatly form child to child. Some children know about a tribe that lives in their area, while others just have the images that Disney has put in their heads. Most children believe that Native Americans are a thing of the past, that there are no living Native Americans today, A kindergarten class visits a children’s museum on a nearby American Indian reservation. As they enter the foyer, their guide, a member of the reservation’s Native tribe, greets the group. “When are we going to see some real Indians?” asks one of the children. “You are meeting one. I am American Indian,” says the guide. The children are skeptical. Their...
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...Bad Sugar This essay will discuss the health factors that I felt influenced the Tohono O’odham and Achimel O’odham (Pima) tribes in the documentary, “ Bad Sugar.” The health factors that I will be discussing are geographic challenges and socioeconomic factors. Geographic factors The Tohono O’odham and Achimel O’odham (Pima) tribes settled in Southwestern Arizona where the Gila River streamed through their land as a primary source of water for the tribe and their farmlands that provided them with natural unprocessed foods. The geographical conditions of the Tohono O’odham and Achimel O’odham (Pima) tribes seemed ideal at the time. They had access to The Gila River, ability to grow natural foods and plenty of land; but their location quickly...
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...hear that Native American Indians didn’t pay taxes on their casinos, I would say, this is unfair, was it out of jealousy, envy, or ignorance, I think it was the latter. To tell you the truth, I don’t remember ever meeting a Native American Indian, nor have I been on a reservation. What I did know about their culture, I learned from television, until this essay. I intend to argue that the American Indians have persevered in the white man’s broken promises, degradation, and dismal outlook on life, until the arrival of casinos. It is estimated that there were 1500 to 100 million Native Americans living in the United States, before the white man came. By the 1900’s the native population was down to 250,000, pursuant to germ, military, and genocidal warfare. Through the mid 1800s, the U.S. military had one mission, the annihilation of the Native American Indian (Schaap). The white man started trading with Native Americans shortly after setting foot on North America. These exchanges were arranged under treaties. Those are agreements between two or more self-governing nations. Following the American Revolution, the government used treaties to acquire land from the Native Americans. The treaties were constructed in a way, to take advantage of the Indians. Under the pretense that the tribes were weaker in negotiations, and that they were signing documents written in unfamiliar words, often with no alternative (Native). The U.S. government has full power in all Native American Indian...
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