...“Forgotten Patriots who supported the American Struggle for Independence” Elizabeth Zane, better known as “Betty Zane,” is hailed as a heroine of the Revolutionary War for her defense of Fort Henry in the wilderness of West Virginia. She was born near the Potomac River in Berkeley County, Virginia on July 19, but the year is indefinite, with historians placing it between 1759 and 1766. In any case, Betty moved with her family at an early age to the area that now is Wheeling, West Virginia. The Zane family and a few others established Fort Henry in 1774. Living there was a testament to the family's boldness. Betty's older brother, the famous Ebenezer Zane, pioneered this area in the turbulent Ohio Valley, and the land was hardly “child-friendly.” Surrounded by thick woods, it was the home of Native Americans who became increasingly hostile because of encroachment on their lands. Beyond that, their move was illegal, as the colonists were defying a royal order that reserved land west of the Appalachian Mountains for natives. The treat of attack increased as the American Revolution Began back east. The tribes who lived beyond the Appalachians understandably wanted the British to put down the rebellion, and almost all of them allied themselves with the British.While living with the daily reality of a terrifying attack, the women of Wheeling also were busy with cooking, washing, sewing, weaving, and other household tasks without the supplies that most housewives could take...
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...Minority Groups in the Revolution: Women, Blacks and Native American Cherdae O. Kirkland History 121 02A Instr. Shuman April 19, 2011 Introduction The American Revolution began in 1775. It was a war fought between Great Britain and thirteen British colonies. It was also called the American Revolutionary War, United States War of Independence. The conflict between the British troops and the colonist began in Lexington and Concord Massachusetts when the Patriots (colonists who rebelled against British control) fired at British Soldiers in April 1775. Tensions were mounting from the Patriots or colonists, who were an angry about having to pay British taxes with little or no parliament representation. The Patriots wanted their independence from British rule and the opportunity to form the own government system. Although the war was originally a civil war between the British and the thirteen colonies, it quickly turned into an international conflict. This war lasted for eight years. “The turmoil of the revolution disrupted traditional class and social relationships and helped transform the lives of people who had long been relegated to the social periphery---African Americans, women and Indians.” Role of Women in the American Revolutionary War During the American Revolution, women played an active role in the British and American armies. Many of these women were wives and daughters of the soldiers. A lot of the women made small contributions to the war, but those...
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...LESSON 13 - Changes on the Western Frontier Objectives: Identify the various factors that fueled America's Western Expansion Identify key technologies that aided America's Western Expansion Identify what economic and political actions strengthened Western Expansion Identify how the Western Expansion impacted the rest of the United States The Growing Conflict of Frontier Americans and the Native Americans The Native Americans who lived on the Great Plains depended on vast herds of buffaloes and horses. The buffalo herds provided the Native Americans with food, clothing, and buffalo hides were made into shelter. Horses were used to corral and hunt buffalos, as mounts during wartime and service animals when the clans moved across the Great Plains. The Native Americans lived in family groups called clans, which were ruled by a council of its eldest members. As the Civil War ended, many Americans began looking towards...
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...History of the Indian Frontier Wars In today’s world, Americans aren’t known to “take over” Indians land. Why so? It has been done in the early revolution dating back to the year of 1622. Before 1622, North America was mainly claimed by the Indian folk. However, the settlers that ventured into North America believed that the Indians had no right claiming the land, and soon took over, as time progressed. As the years went on, disagreements amongst the English men and Indians grew. In the year of 1622, Indian’s lives changed forever and became an important role in Indian history. Hearts and souls of the Indian people were poured into the Indian Frontier Wars, believing their way of living would be given back to them. Little did they know, they would be stripped of their land and forced to move elsewhere. Before 1622, Indians welcomed the settlers who ventured their way to North America. Although the English men weren’t interested in intertwining with the Indians, eastern Indians were welcoming and felt as though the luxuries of the settlers would benefit their lifestyle. According to Eric Fosner’s Give Me Liberty!: An American History,” Woven cloth, metal kettles, iron axes, fishhooks, hoes, and guns were quickly integrated in Indian life.” (56) As the 17th century went along, more and more settlers invaded Indians land in North America, which soon became a problem. Settlers believed that North American land wasn’t officially claimed by the Indians because of the lacking...
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...Pitt was a quite intelligent in both commercial and military strategy, and planned to weakening France by seizing its colonies. The more colonies that were seized the less the french have in resources and man power. Mystic River is in Massachusetts, United States. The river played a role in the American Revolution in, 1774, an army of 260 British soldiers rowed from Boston up to the Mystic River near Winter Hill.From there, they marched to a storage area where a large supply of gunpowder was kept, and after sunrise they took all the gunpowder, sparking a uprising known as the Powder Alarm. In 1775, the Battle of Chelsea Creek took place in the river watershed. Major General Edward Braddock led an army of 1500 British solders to Fort Duquesne in 1755 to take the fort from the French and strengthen British positions in the Ohio Valley and the Great Lakes region. As Major General Braddock came near the fort they suddenly met up with the French and Indian allies of the French. With Braddock underestimating the french led to defeat and his...
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...A Look at the Loyalist Cause When many Americans think of the Loyalist or Tory cause, the stereotypes of a prim and proper aristocrat with a British accent and a tarred-and feathered tax collector quickly surface. When examining the views and motivations of over two-and-a-half-million people living in the Thirteen Colonies during the Revolution, hardly any views were uniform. Even supporters of a major faction such as the Loyalists had a diverse array of misgivings about the rebellion against the British Crown. Many Americans opposed the Revolution for a wide variety of reasons: most notably, personal ties and attachment to Britain. These attachments took several forms, including fear and intimidation from mob rule, as well as religious and...
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...migrants settled in the south and in spring to start farm building. Yet, there were Native Americans that were settled in these areas so treaties were made to compromise with these indigenous people. One of these treaties was the Treaty of Saginaw in 1819. This reserved several smaller areas of land for the natives to live in out in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan (Lecture, week 4). Michigan’s basis of economy was fur trade as this was how the natives traded. Yet, as more migrants started to venture into the state, the wilderness was destroyed as settlers made room for farmland. As this expansion increased, Michigan soon became part of the European world...
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...WritteR: Jim Jarmusch * Cinematography: robby muller * Editing : Jay rabinowitz * Music: Neil young * Starring : Johnny depp- Gary farmer PLOT Johnny Depp as William Blake, a newly-orphaned accountant who leaves his home in Cleveland to accept a job in the frontier town of Machine. Upon his arrival, Blake is told by the factory owner Dickinson (Robert Mitchum) that the job has already been filled.Jobless,hopeless and without money,blake meets a former prostitute called Thel Russell (Mili Avital), who sells flower papers. He lets her take him home. Thel's ex-boyfriend Charlie (Gabriel Byrne) surprises them in bed and shoots Blake, accidentally killing Thel when she tries to shield Blake with her body. the wounded Blake shoots and kills Charlie with Thel's gun before climbing bewilderedly out the window and fleeing Machine on a stolen pinto. Company-owner Dickinson, the father of Charlie, hires three legendary frontier killers, Cole Wilson (Lance Henriksen), Conway Twill (Michael Wincott) , and Johnny "The Kid" Pickett (Eugene Byrd) to hunt Blake as the murderer of his son and Thel, although he seems to care most about recovering the stolen horse. Blake then finds himself below a big american indian guy (Gary farmer) who is attempting to remove the bullet from his chest. the Indian guy called himself Nobody reveals to him that the bullet is too close to Blake's heart to remove, and Blake is actually walking dead. When he learns Blake's full name, Nobody decides...
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...independence, the United States eventually assumed the role previously held by England with respect to American Indians, in which tensions between the federal government and natives created a complex trust relationship. The election of Andrew Jackson in 1828 ushered in an era marked by a growing demand to expand westward for political and economic opportunities for the common, white man. By the early 1830s, the U.S. government’s relationship with Indian tribes had changed and President Jackson had come to view the tribes as obstacles to American expansion. Consequently, President Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act into law in 1830, authorizing him to negotiate with the Indians for their removal to federal territories west of the Mississippi in exchange for their homeland. While most historians are in...
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...purchased, the American territory doubled leaving the early pioneers a vastly unexplored county. Although most people agree that American legends, such as Davy Crockett, Mike Fink and James Bowie embodied the the spirit of western expansion, there is disagreement on whether their stories had a significant impact on western expansion. While some argue that these tales had no impact, because they seemed outlandish. it is most reasonable to believe that the tales of American heros played a key role in western expansion; by prompting patriotic exploration, providing a common enemy, and promoting a political agenda. Stories inspire us and give us something to aspire to. Tell about Lions of the West Often newspapers and plays would tell the stories of American Heroes such as Davy Crockett, Mike Fink, and James Bowie. Although they were generally Frot with danger, those stories of frontier legends were spectacular and usually ended well for the hero. This showed people/them that the...
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...Such as before, each topic discussed aligns within a bigger picture. History has managed to capture Native voices and viewpoints, which allows them to live through their words long after they are gone. It is through speeches and treaties that we are able to understand the worldview of non-Natives and their motivations with history to complete certain acts. A speech by an Iroquoian leader shows the deep resentment that many Native Americans felt about colonial encroachment on their lands and their subsequent difficulties with self-support. Canassatego, a leader of the Onondaga nation, became a prominent diplomat and spokesman of the Iroquois Confederacy in the 1740s. He was involved in several controversial land sales to British American officials and is best known for a speech he gave at the 1744 Treaty of Lancaster, where he recommended that the British colonies emulate the Iroquois by forming a confederacy....
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...migration as the U.S. moved to expand it's frontiers, but it is a deeply enriching story of survival. Daniel Brown strips the mythologized category of the emigrants and the Donner party from the American embellished view of American Pioneers and instead paints the real atrocities that were faced on a daily basis by the unit of emigrants as they moved their way through Utah, Oregon, and California. Brown dedicates his anthropological foundation to the story of Sarah Graves and begins his historical account with the initial source; bones. Brown interestingly finds a link between his father's uncle George W. Tucker and Sarah Graves, the Donner Party Bride. He notes that is unlikely that they knew each other...
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...Johnstone No. 1 oil well marked a seminal moment in the development of what would become the state of Oklahoma. Glasscock’s history examines the peopling of Indian Territory following the removal of Native American tribes to the region, and the subsequent discovery of oil on lands allotted to those tribes during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In the book’s final chapter, Glasscock concludes that Oklahoma’s history is illustrative of the “astonishing effects” of oil wealth on a previously lawless and uncivilized territory. The author asserts that the discovery of oil in Oklahoma was decisive in the closing of “America’s Last Frontier”. Although colorful in detail, Then Came Oil is plagued...
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...Writing Women into Romanticism: A Heroine's Journey Through Culture, Race and the American Frontier. “Every trail has its end, and every calamity brings its lesson!” (Cooper, 159) During the time of the French and Indian War, animosity between native Americans and Colonists was at it’s peak. Cora and her younger sister Alice Munro are kidnapped by hostile Indians while on their way through the wilderness of upper New York. The young women are traveling to visit their father at Fort William Henry. The kidnapping of the Munro sisters is a ploy by the Indian Magua. Magua seeks bounty for all he feels that the commander Colonel Munro has wronged him and his peoples of. Alice and Cora are the only major female protagonist in the...
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...The one-drop rule is a historical colloquial term in the United States for the social classification as Negro of individuals with any African ancestry; meaning any person with "one drop of Negro blood" was considered black. The principle of "invisible blackness" was an example of hypodescent, the automatic assignment of children of a mixed union between different socioeconomic or ethnic groups to the group with the lower status. Although racial segregation was adopted legally by southern states of the former Confederacy in the late 19th century, legislators resisted defining race by law. In 1895 in South Carolina during discussion, George D. Tillman said, "...It is a scientific fact that there is not one full-blooded Caucasian on the floor of this convention. Every member has in him a certain mixture of… colored blood...It would be a cruel injustice and the source of endless litigation, of scandal, horror, feud, and bloodshed to undertake to annul or forbid marriage for a remote, perhaps obsolete trace of Negro blood. The doors would be open to scandal, malice and greed..." The one-drop rule was not adopted as law until the 20th century: first in Tennessee in 1910 and in Virginia under the Racial Integrity Act of 1924 (following the passage of similar laws in several other states). Before and during slavery, interracial relationships formed. In the antebellum years, free people of mixed race (free people of color) were considered legally white if individuals had...
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