...Practice M a r g r e t h e H. O l s o n a n d H e n r y C. L u c a s Jr. New York University Computer technology has recently been applied to the automation of office tasks and procedures. Much of the technology is aimed not at improving the efficiency of current office procedures, but at altering the nature of office work altogether. The development of automated office systems raises a number of issues for the organization. How will this technology be received by organization members? How will it affect the definition of traditional office work? What will be its impact on individuals, work groups, and the structure of the organization? This paper presents a descriptive model and propositions concerning the potential impacts of office automation on the organization and it stresses the need, when implementing automated office systems, to take a broad perspective of their potential positive and negative effects on the organization. The need for further research examining the potential effects of office automation is emphasized. CR Categories and Subject Descriptors: J. 1 [Administrative Data Processing]--business; K.4.3 [Computers and Society]: Organizational Impacts General Terms: Experimentation, Management, Theory, Human Factors Additional Key Words and Phrases: office automation, automated office systems, impact on organizations, electronic mail Authors' Present Address: Marrgrreth H. Olson and Henry C. Lucas, Jr., Computer Applications and Information...
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...Key Concepts of Organizational Design If an organization is to remain effective as it changes and grows with its environment, managers must continuously evaluate the way their organizations are designed: for example, the way work is divided among people and departments, and the way it controls its human, financial, and physical resources. Organizational design involves difficult choices about how to control—that is, coordinate organizational tasks and motivate the people who perform them—to maximize an organization’s ability to create value (Jones, 2004). Maintaining that competitive edge in the snack food industry can be challenging. Snacks and goodies are considered one of America’s favorite past times. Best Snacks has held the number one or two positions for many years and now they are in jeopardy of losing that status. Best Snacks has been experiencing declining sales for the past few years and market share has decreased. They are now faced with the challenge of revamping their development and marketing strategies. They have not developed any new product or service innovations in the last five years. It is definitely time to get the creative juices flowing (BestSnacks Benchmarking Worksheet). Importance of Organizational Design Choices Nadler & Tushman suggests that the last remaining source of truly sustainable competitive advantage lies in what we've come to describe as “Organizational capabilities" the unique ways in which each organization structures its work and...
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...for Managers for better management of conflicts: Knowledge: 01. Understand the laws and regulations that have an impact on conflict management and on organizational functioning in areas related to conflict management. 02. Understand the organizational change process. 03. Understand the design and practice of training in the workplace, including adult learning theory. 04. Understand conflict resolution theory, principles and methods, particularly as they apply to the various conflict resolution mechanisms typically part of conflict management systems. Be aware of current best practices in conflict management. Competencies needed for the Conflict Management Abilities: Ability to manage organizational change. Ability to conduct needs assessment (i.e. to discern the nature of the organizational needs). Ability to design and conduct adult training. Ability to design and conduct evaluation of program implementation. Ability to facilitate groups and build consensus. Ability to design a conflict management system (or to lead the design process). Ability to work collaboratively. Ability to assess the decision-making centers in an organization and to gain the support and cooperation of the key decision makers. Ability to mediate, or to use a mediative process within groups. Ability to design and implement communication strategies within organizations. Ability to understand the culture of an organization and to work appropriately in the context...
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...Organizational Culture & Leadership byEdgar H Schein "Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon 'em" Shakespeare, Twelfth Night notes compiled by Ted Nellen Oct 1997 OCAIonline (Organizational culture assessment instrument online) a hassle-free tool for diagnosing organizational culture, developed by professors Robert Quinn and Kim Cameron. Organizational Culture Blog Diagnosing and changing organizational culture Culture a phenomenon that surrounds us all. Culture helps us understand how it is created, embedded, developed, manipulated, managed, and changed. Culture defines leadership. Understand the culture to understand the organization. Defining Organizational Culture culture is customs and rights. good managers must work from a more anthropological model. Each org has its own way and an outsider brings his/her baggage as observer. Understand new environment and culture before change or observation can be made. 1. Observe behavior: language, customs, traditions 2. Groups norms: standards and values 3. Espoused values: published, publicly announced values. 4. Formal Philosophy: mission 5. Rules of the Game: rules to all in org 6. Climate: climate of group in interaction 7. Embedded skills: 8. Habits of thinking, acting, paradigms: Shared knowledge for socialization. 9. Shared meanings of the group 10. Metaphors or symbols: Culture: norms, values...
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...Café Britt: A Costa Rica Pride BUS 655 (Designing Effective Organization) BUS 550 (Organization Behavior and Design) Issam A. Ghazzawi, Ph.D. SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES In today’s global economy, organizations are faced with many challenges including motivating and rewarding employees; communicating and making effective decisions; evaluating group and team behavior; assessing their organizational structure and determining its effectiveness, assessing its leadership and determining its effectiveness; and evaluating alternative methods to managing change in the newly designed organization. Successful managers must learn the importance of creating functional and effective structures, processes, and understanding and managing the human side of the organization as this will enable people to effectively work together to achieve agreed upon goals. Therefore, this integrated term-long case is designed to give you an opportunity to design an effective organization. After reading and responding to the case questions, students should be able to: * Assess an organization’s mission statement and tie said mission to the organization’s goals. * Evaluate an organization’s culture and suggest a culture that promotes creativity. * Identify the factors responsible for creating and transmitting organizational culture and for getting it to change. * Identify and suggest effective techniques for motivating employees. * Suggest and describe some of the steps...
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...Organizational Design Article Student Name Institutional Affiliation Introduction Organizational design refers to the art and science of optimizing an organizational structure to support business, cultural, or strategic goals (Burton, 2011). It examines culture, strategies, processes, and structure to achieve the set goals. This paper will give the summary of the article Not what it was and not what it will be: The future of job design research, which will examine the future of organizational design. Article summary This article gives a summary of the future directions of theory and research regarding the organizational design. The authors of this article have focused on the social aspects of modern workplaces, the changing contexts of work performance, the increased teamwork as compared to individual task completion, and the processes that employees involve in the creation of their own jobs. According to Oldham & Hackman (2010), organizational design started long time ago, and this is apparent from Adam Smith’s essay on division of labor. Oldham & Hackman (2010) consider that Smith’s thoughts on design and manufacturing led to the scientific management philosophy. Most workers including industrial engineers adopted this philosophy to increase control and efficiency in the workplace. The primary idea was to design work systems with highly simplified work and standardized operations. This created a hindrance to employee job satisfaction, which discouraged...
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... An organizational design specifies and describes the formal and the informal structures and processes within an organization through which the organization pursues its mission and objectives. An organizational design, thus, is the framework within which an organization functions. Both internal forces and external forces influence the character of an organization’s design. An organizational design tends to be defined in terms of structure, processes, and size (Chatain & Zemsky, 2007; Knoll, 2007; Zismer, 2011). The findings of a description and an assessment of organizational design of a group practice family medicine clinic are presented in this paper. The description and assessment include the identification of the internal forces and the external forces that have influenced the nature of the organizational design of the clinic. The effects of these forces on organizational structure, organizational processes, and organizational size are addressed in the paper. Specific consideration is given in the discussion to the effects of accountability mandates on the organizational design of the clinic. The Internal Forces and the External Forces Affecting the Organizational Design of the Clinic The external forces that act on the organization in this case, a group practice family medical clinic, exerted a greater effect on reshaping the organizational design of the practice than has been true of the internal forces that also drive changes in organizational design...
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...1. Introduction 2. Executive summary 3. Theory of organizational structure 4. Types of organizational structure 5. The nature of the organizational structure 6. Case study 7. Task 1 8. Task 2 9. Task 3 10. Conclusion 11. Recommendation 12. Reference Introduction Any operating organization should have its own structure in order to operate efficiently. For an organization, the organizational structure is a hierarchy of people and its functions. The organizational structure of an organization tells us the character of an organization and the values it believes in. therefore, when we do business with an organization or getting into a new job in an organization, it is always a great idea to get to know and understand their organizational structure. Executive summary In this assignment, I describe about the theory of the organization, the types of the organization, and the nature of the organization. As task 1, 2 and 3 I have explain about Paul Rogers’ card design business. Theory of organizational structure The theory of organizational structure is a product of the industrial revolution to help businesses appropriate their workforce. Classical school Henry Fayol is acknowledged as the founder of the Classical Organization theory and is one of the pioneers of management thought. He divided the business activities into six areas- technical, commercial, financial, accounting, managerial functions and protecting the assets of the organization...
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...Making, and Structure Paul McKenzie Strayer University Leadership and Organizational Behavior Bus 520 Dr. Keith W. Langner December 20, 2012 Conflict, Decision Making, and Structure From the inception of time, the human race has been experiencing and grappling with conflicts of all kinds—both internally and externally. In most recent years, however, conflicts in the workplace have become more prevalent due to diverse cultures, organizational structures, and workplace dynamics such as stress, discrimination, cultural difference, idiosyncrasy, pay inequality, grievance and dispute, and others. These prevailing conditions have and are affecting organizations of all sizes. As a result, many companies are forced to implement guidelines and strategies so as to mediate, mitigate, manage, reconcile, and resolve such existing conditions in a more effectively manner, while creating better-working environments. Having said that, this paper intends to objectively address four given scenarios surrounding conflict, decision making, and organizational design. Those scenarios will be addressed in the following sequence: (1) negotiation strategies used to address potential conflicts in the workplace, (2) evidence-based management and its relevant application, (3) analysis regarding effective methods and creative-decision making, (4) and environmental and strategic factors that affect the organizational design of a researched company. Negotiation Strategies used to Address...
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... According to Public Administration in Canada, (pg 70) contingency theory is one of the most recent theories in organizational structure, it argues that there is no "one best way" of structuring an organization. Instead contingency theory suggests that the best way to structure a particular organization is contingent(dependent) on a number of factors such as the attitudes of the managers and employees, the nature of the task performed by the organization and the nature of the environment. The basic premise of Contingency Theory is that there is no one best way to organize a corporation, to lead a company, or to make decisions. There are too many external and internal constraints that will alter what really is the best way to lead is in a given situation. In other words, it all depends upon the situation at hand as to what will be the best course of action. An organizational / leadership / decision making style that is effective in some situations, may be not successful in other situations because organizations, people, and situations vary and change over time thus, the right thing to do depends on a complex variety of critical environmental and internal contingencies. The contingency approach to organizational design tailors the design of the company to the sources of environmental uncertainties faced by the organization. The point is to design an organizational structure that can handle uncertainties in the environment effectively and efficiently. The contingency theory approach...
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...Organizational Design Inescapable Yes or No L. Gina Hunter UMET Miramar Campus ENGLISH 502 Academic Writing for Graduate Student II Prof. Méndez March 24, 2015 The Organizational Design of a Company is necessary for success. Have you ever wondered how some organizations always at the top of the charts, but others don’t survive? Organizational Design Inescapable? A solid organizational design is what makes the difference; it relies on how strong and solid the organizational structure and design are. According to the Center for Organizational Design, organizational design is defined as a step by step methodology that identifies dysfunctional aspects of workflow, procedures, structures and systems. Realigns them to fit current business realities/goals and then develops plans to implement the new changes. The process focuses on improving both the technical and people side of the business (Allen, 2012). As we live in a world of transition, where everything is changing at the speed of light. The organizational design is an inescapable part of any organization; big or small, is the key element for integrating the people, information, and technology. Having a strong organizational design provides a clear vision, and mission, it empower employees in the decision making of the organization. As a result, the reporting process will be transparent; the information will flow smoothly, and it will provide a definite work process. With a well design structure...
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... | | |College of Social Sciences | | |PSYCH/570 Version 2 | | |Organizational Psychology | | |Dr. Kathleen Hughes De Sousa | Copyright © 2010, 2009, 2008 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course is an in-depth look at organizational psychology and therefore covers the organizational side of the field, including the impact of the organizations on the individual and on groups of individuals. The dynamics and cultural characteristics of organizations are identified and described in-depth, and organizational development and change are given particular emphasis as well. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies...
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...Devil and the Modern Manager Organizational lessons from the Inferno – first part of Dante’s Divine Comedy By Mainak Sankar Maiti (1730 words) Fig 1 – “The Abyss of Hell” by Sandro Botticelli1 Introduction Dante Alighieri wrote the epic poem “Divine Comedy” (Italian: Divina Commedia) in the period 1308 A.D to 1321 A.D. Considered one of the greatest works on World literature, the poem is an allegorical representation of man’s journey towards God. The poem is divided in three parts: Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. Of all the three parts, Inferno remains the most celebrated and the most influential till date. Numerous artworks and books have been inspired by the Inferno. The works inspired by the Inferno range 1|P age The Devil and the Modern Manager from the Renaissance painter Botticelli’s illustrations of the hell to modern computer games. More than seven hundred years have passed; however, the Inferno continues to enthral readers all around the world. But, does the Inferno have anything in store for a manager seeking to achieve organizational efficiency? Dante’s macabre vision of hell was brought to life by Botticelli in his infamous painting “The Map of Hell” or, “The Abyss of Hell”, which remains one of the most fear-invoking artworks of all time. But, can that work invoke some new thoughts in the mind of a management student and expand his span of thinking, his horizons? Hell – the Model Organization “Organizational structure is more than boxes on...
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...E-COMMERCE (TIT-501) UNIT I Introduction What is E-Commerce, Forces behind E-Commerce Industry Framework, Brief history of ECommerce, Inter Organizational E-Commerce Intra Organizational E-Commerce, and Consumer to Business Electronic Commerce, Architectural framework Network Infrastructure for E-Commerce Network Infrastructure for E-Commerce, Market forces behind I Way, Component of I way Access Equipment, Global Information Distribution Network, Broad band Telecommunication. UNIT-II Mobile Commerce Introduction to Mobile Commerce, Mobile Computing Application, Wireless Application Protocols, WAP Technology, Mobile Information Devices, Web Security Introduction to Web security, Firewalls & Transaction Security, Client Server Network, Emerging Client Server Security Threats, firewalls & Network Security. UNIT-III Encryption World Wide Web & Security, Encryption, Transaction security, Secret Key Encryption, Public Key Encryption, Virtual Private Network (VPM), Implementation Management Issues. UNIT - IV Electronic Payments Overview of Electronics payments, Digital Token based Electronics payment System, Smart Cards, Credit Card I Debit Card based EPS, Emerging financial Instruments, Home Banking, Online Banking. UNIT-V Net Commerce EDA, EDI Application in Business, Legal requirement in E -Commerce, Introduction to supply Chain Management, CRM, issues in Customer Relationship Management. References: 1. Greenstein and Feinman, “E-Commerce”, TMH 2. Ravi Kalakota, Andrew Whinston...
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...gement Review 1979, Vol. 4, No. 2,215-224. Task Design Determinants of Effective Leader Behavior^ RiCKYW. GRIFFIN University of Missouri—Columbia The theoretical and empirical research literature on task design and path-goal theory of leadership is reviewed. It is suggested that task design and individual variables interact to form a construct called individual-task congruence. A model is then developed which depicts leader behavior as a moderating variable between individuai-task congruence and satisfaction and performance. There is an increasing body of theoretical and empirical behavioral science literature dealing with the design of work in formal organizations. Much of this literature is concerned with the diagnosis and description of existing jobs and/or the implementation of task design change programs for the purpose of improving organizational effectiveness. The rationale seems to be that if the needs and capabilities of an individual are matched with the expectations and requirements of a task, higher 9/els of satisfaction, motivation, and productivity .vill result (6). Most published research on task design, however, has not taken other organizational variables into consideration. The general model for contemporary task design research has investigated the moderating effect of certain variables on the relationship between task design and outcome variables such as satisfaction, performance, and commitment (2, 7, 8, 19, 22, 25, 26, 28, 29, 33). A few empirical studies...
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