...Thinking... The conceptual background to strategy, marketing and planning Stephen Cashman, February 2003 This online background paper provides a review of some of the definitions, theories and concepts underpinning strategy. As such it is intended to introduce the key concepts involved, or to form an overall reminder of the various issues relating to these areas. 1. What is strategy about and why is it so important? ‘Every company needs a strategy – either explicit or implicit.’ Costas Markides (1995) ‘An effective strategic management process has become the essential norm for businesses.’ Richard Hanscombe and Philip Norman (1993) ‘Effective strategic management is the ultimate aim of all managers.’ Financial Times, 1997 ‘The survival, growth and prosperity of any organisation depends on the quality and viability of the strategy the organisation is pursuing.’ Andrew Kakabadse, Ron Ludlow and Susan Vinicombe (1988) Indeed, such is the importance attached to the subject of strategy that one commentator on the subject, Richard Whittington (1993), reports that ‘there are thirty-seven books in print with the title Strategic Management’. Similarly a leading strategy thinker, Henry Mintzberg, and his colleagues (1998) note that ‘The literature of strategic management is vast – the number of items we reviewed over the years numbers close to 2,000 – and it grows larger every day.’ However, despite the importance given to them, thinking, writing and talking about ‘strategy’-related...
Words: 8525 - Pages: 35
...Internet can prove to be a great advantage for small businesses in this era for both marketing and selling their product. Even small businesses now need to have a website of their own, otherwise they will have to bear the risk of being left behind in the race. First of all, internet is a smarter way of connecting with your customers as well as for expanding your customer base. Internet can be used for advertising your business which is not easier through any other channel. Receiving orders as well as replying enquiries is also far more convenient if done online. In a way internet can prove the most cost effective method of marketing and selling in today’s business scenario. Companies can boost their sales and benefits if they are able to utilize internet in the right way. I own a small clothing store, which I have decided to take online. I expect it will add to my benefits as well as help in increasing sales by reaching new customers. In this regard the first step will be to do a SWOT analysis to find out my strengths and opportunities as well as to measure my threats. I will need to check which additional opportunities I will get when I get my business online. Strengths: 1. The first strong point or a competitive advantage that my store has is that it is among the biggest in the locality. We sell multiple popular brands and can serve customers across different levels. We have products for those who spend on the high priced fashion brands as well as also for those who...
Words: 1036 - Pages: 5
...MECN1001: Critical Thinking Component Science Fiction Course reader Semester 2, 2015 “If science fiction is the mythology of modern technology, then its myth is tragic.” – Ursula Le Guin Lecturer and course co-ordinator: Ms Linda Mabin Linda.Mabin@wits.ac.za CM, 3rd Floor, East Wing, ADU (011) 717-7064 MECN1001: Critical Thinking Course Outline Science Fiction is a genre that is growing in currency around the world as a literature of cognitive estrangement, and one that has immense universal value because of this. To distance oneself from the ascendant structures of power is to perceive the world anew, filled with potential for change. For this reason, Science Fiction is a literature of immense value for a country such as South Africa. Approaching the challenges of a nation such as this requires an imagination trained to be meticulous in its logic, but unrestrained by the restrictions of present reality. Each tutorial activity is crafted to correlate with the concerns of the lecture material. Tutorials transpose the fundamental concerns dealt with in the subject matter of the lectures and ‘activate’ these ideas by having students demonstrate their knowledge not just in the form of individual written exercises, but through the vitally necessary process of engaging their tutors and peers in structured discussion. It is thus clear that the success of a tutorial is dependent on student participation, and as clear that the success of a tutorial depends on students being intrigued...
Words: 1445 - Pages: 6
...major applications of differential cost analysis are presented. The first application is called break-even analysis. In break-even analysis, differential cost analysis is used to answer the question, How much service must a human service program provide during a fiscal year in order to recover its total costs? The second application can be called decrease/discontinue decisions. In these types of financial management decisions, differential cost analysis answers the question, What will be the effect on fixed and variable costs of a decision to reduce or discontinue a human service program? Some Concepts and Definitions Before proceeding to the discussion of the applications of differential cost analysis, some basic concepts and definitions need to be introduced including fixed costs, variable costs, step costs, maximum efficiency, and surplus capacity. Fixed Costs and Variable Costs In Chapter 8 the concepts of direct and indirect costs were introduced as part of the discussion of cost analysis. As was noted in Chapter 8, the full cost, or total cost, of a human service program is the sum of its direct costs and indirect costs. In differential cost analysis, the full cost, or total cost, of a human service program is the sum of its fixed costs and variable costs. Items of cost in the budget of a human service program can also be classified as either fixed costs or variable costs. It is the classification of costs as fixed and variable and the analysis of how these costs behave...
Words: 6743 - Pages: 27
...1. Introduction (250) Happiness belongs to Hedonism. If one experience more happiness during life, his life will be better. The more happiness you experience, the better your life is. There are actually two schools of thought here, Narrow Hedonism and Preference Hedonism, each with its own definition of happiness. Narrow Hedonism deems happiness a homogeneous state of pleasure, while Preference Hedonism expands the definition to include any state of mind favored by the individual, including pain (yes, pain is happiness, for some). However, the two schools are united in their focus on mental states, which as you will see is a silly idea. Hedonism is a way of life, characterised by openness to pleasurable experience. There are many qualms about hedonism. It is rejected on moral grounds and said to be detrimental to long-term happiness. Several mechanisms for this 'paradox of hedonism' have been suggested and telling examples of pleasure seekers ending up in despair have been given. The relation between hedonism and happiness has been studied at two levels: that of the nation and the individual. At the national level average happiness is correlated with moral acceptance of pleasure and with active leisure. At the individual level it is similarly linked with hedonistic attitudes and also correlated with hedonistic behaviours such as frequent sex and use of stimulants. In this essay, it will firstly discuss what is hedonism, including the two catories Narrow hedonism and...
Words: 270 - Pages: 2
.../* New Perspectives on HTML and CSS Tutorial 5 Case Problem 1 Sudoku Puzzle Table Style Sheet Author: Rebecca Peretz Date: 3/1/2014 Filename: stable.css Supporting Files: green.jpg, gold.jpg */ /* Sudoku Puzzle Table */ table.spuzzle { border-collapse: collapse; } table.spuzzle td { border: 5px outset gray; } table.spuzzle th { font-size: 8px; color: gray; } table.spuzzle tbody th { height: 40px; } /* Subtables within Sudoku Puzzle */ table.subTable { border-collapse: collapse; } table.subTable td { border: 1px solid black; color: blue; font-size: 20px; height: 40px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; width: 40px; } /* Subtables with gold background cells */ table.spuzzle td.goldBox td {background: url(gold.jpg) no-repeat 50% 50%; } /* Subtables with green background cells */ table.spuzzle td.greenBox td { background: url(green.jpg) no-repeat 50% 50%; } ----------------------- stable.css should be opened as text The table data cells within spuzzle table should have a 5-px outset gray border A style rule should collapse the borders of spuzzle/subTable tables For data cells nested within goldBox class, gold.jpg should display as background, centered within the cell, not tiled For data cells within the subTable table, styles should be added to a) Set font size to...
Words: 308 - Pages: 2
...different marketing mix function of unilever applied on sunsilk. In making this report we collect data from publication, internet, magazines and official person. Executive summary The summery of this report is that in this report we describes the history , mission , vision, purpose, their total brand in Pakistan and how company manage these brands for segmentation, targeting , and positioning. This report tells us that how company selects their segmentation, targeting and positioning strategy for a specific product Sunsilk shampoo. This report tells that what are the pricing, promotion, and packaging strategy of sunsilk shampoo. It also mentions that what are the version of sunsilk shampoo launch into the market according to consumer need and evaluation. Strength, weakness, opportunities and threats also discuss in this report. In the end recommendations are given that what strategy unilever will follow to meet the strategies and market share of their...
Words: 271 - Pages: 2
...Sand 1 Gianina Sand English 1301-044 Professor Peterson 12 April 2015 Paper 5 Sharks need help Sharks rules the ecosystems. They balance the oceans, they balance earth. Sharks are on earth for over four hundreds millions years, one hundred million years before the dinosaurs when life has just began. Sharks were shaving the world. Sharks are afraid of us, they can sent our energy as soon as we are in the water. Two third of earth is under water and over 80% of life on earth is in the oceans. Life on earth evolves from the sea, and the animals who evolves and stayed for over four hundreds years are the sharks. They manages to survive, they are architect of our world. They are the lions and tigers of the sea. Sharks are in danger. They are hunted by humans for their fins with lines. The population does not realize the massacre that sharks are victims of. Predators are controlling the ecosystems.The oceans are the life support system of the planet, change this life support would be a real threat. The world is afraid of sharks and do not see the importance to help sharks or to save them. The first help requires by sharks conservators are to consider sharks as a real animal and stop thinking that sharks are a threat. The population does not realize the facts. Sharks kill five people each year, elephants and tigers over one hundred per year. The first solution to the sharks conservation problem would be to change the mentality of the population. There is a mythology...
Words: 732 - Pages: 3
...In the past, there have been many minors who have done numerous of acts in which they are punished in a reasonable manner. Just imagine if the parents of these children were put on trail instead of the minors. Why should a parent have to suffer the consequences for their child’s mistake, in which they probably had no idea what the child was doing. According to The Beaufort Gazette in Beaufort, SC, “A couple in Boise, Idaho now faces criminal charges because their 10- and 12-year old sons sexually molested three of their younger siblings, starting when one of the children was just one month old.” The report goes on to say, “Prosecutors said one girl was just 2 years old when the abuse started in October 2002. The other girl was less than 8 months old. The sexual abuse of the boy allegedly began in December 2002, when he was just one month old.” According to The Idaho Statesman Newspaper in Boise, Idaho, “The parents are being charged with four counts of felonies. The first three include the connection with the allegations of sexual abuse by the boys, and the fourth charge addresses allowing a child to walk on dirty floors, in which resulted in infected cuts on the child’s feet.” This sounds more like a child neglect case rather than a connection of a child molestation case. I am not defending the couple in any way, but I feel there is no proof of them knowing about such acts going on between their children. Therefore, it will be hard to prosecute the couple...
Words: 362 - Pages: 2
...FACTORS AFFECTING THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF FIRST YEAR STUDENTS IN PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION OF QUEZON CITY POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY S.Y. 2015-2016 Chapter 1 The Problem and its Background Introduction Purposive Communication is built upon the firm foundation of logic and orderly reasoning. Purposive Communication learning progresses smoothly, step by step, from the simplest processes to the most complicated and advanced applications, each step along the way resting upon those topics which have been taken before. It is axiomatic that the understanding of the present and future lessons depends greatly on the kind of understanding of the present lesson. Within this context, Purposive Communication learning is basically like a language; if it is not learned properly from the beginning, it may become too difficult and abstract later to grasp and understand. In the study of Purposive Communication, the first topic of the study can be exceedingly important in the development of the student under an instructor. As such, concepts should be taught by the instructor and learned properly by the student with the aid of detailed explanations. This should include every available and relevant learning aid to condition the minds of the students into understanding the lesson well. Towards later part of the discussions examples are given applying the same concepts the theories to enable the students to relate their understanding of the lesson to the given examples as encountered...
Words: 986 - Pages: 4
...Bradelie ST Phar Enc 101 Mickey Mouse: mere Rabbit to Beloved Multi-million mouse. A century ago who would have believed a miniscule, rodent creature would be the icon of not just a multi-billion dollar company but also a symbol of innocence, youth, and, happiness. The icon of such is none other than Mickey Mouse, a character that has hundreds of different meanings to millions of different people. But the Mickey the public knows today is not the same cartoon mouse that audiences knew when he made his first public appearance in 1928. Mickey wasn’t always Walt Disney first prized creation, there first was an animated creature known as Oswald the Lucky Rabbit; A happy, upbeat fellow who often found himself in sticky situations. During his time under Disney Oswald was on of the first to show personality and humility through physical humor and frustration comedy. Sadly Oswald’s rambunctious personality soon came to an end when Walt Disney realized despite being the man behind the character, he actually didn’t own the rights to the animated rabbit, as he was property of the Universal Pictures. Eventually, Walt Disney broke his ties with Universal, left his staff behind and ventured onto new hopes. Mickey Mouse was born in Walt Disney's imagination early in 1928 on a train ride from New York to Los Angeles. Walt then decided to make the character modeled after the mouse he grew so fond of and this time that no one would be able to take away. Contrary to popular belief...
Words: 312 - Pages: 2
...ABSTRAK ANALISIS CAMPURAN PEMASARAN YANG DIGUNAKAN OLEH UMW TOYOTA SDN BHD TAWAU, SABAH Campuran pemasaran adalah salah satu konsep yang digunakan oleh pemilik perniagaan, eksekutif pemasaran, pengurus operasi dan juga usahawan dalam mengaplikasikan strategi campuran pemasaran yang melibatkan produk, harga, promosi dan saluran pengagihan. Analisis campuran pemasaran ini berkeupayaan untuk membantu sesebuah perniagaan dalam menentukan kesesuaian perniagaan. Tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk mengkaji tiga objektif iaitu objektif pertama mengenal pasti klasifikasi produk dan tahap kepuasan pelanggan terhadap produk yang dikeluarkan serta kitaran hayat produk yang dikeluarkan oleh UMW Toyota Motor Sdn Bhd. Objektif kedua ialah menganalisis reka bentuk saluran agihan dan pengurusan sistem logistik serta agihan fizikal UMW Toyota Motor Sdn Bhd. Manakala objektif ketiga menjelaskan campuran promosi dan alat promosi yang digunakan serta tujuan promosi yang dijalankan oleh UMW Toyota Motor Sdn Bhd. Bagi mendapatkan maklumat berkaitan syarikat yang dikaji pengkaji telah menggumpulkan data tersebut melalui kaedah kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Kulitatif diperoleh melalui cara pemerhatian dan temubual atau data primer, manakala kuantitatif pula menggunakan instrument borang soal selidik. Pengkaji juga menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder sebagai kaedah kajian yntuk mendapatkan maklumat yang lengkap mengenai syarikat yang hendak dikaji. Antara data primer yang digunakan pengkaji...
Words: 883 - Pages: 4
...We need your help In northern Thailand, many remote villagers are very poor. They don’t have enough resources and money to develop their homes. Their children don’t have clean water to drink and use. They have to work for a long time and earn very low wages. They wear old clothes and don't have enough food. They even need to collect insects for food. They live in small huts. Their sanitation is very poor. They can’t receive an education because they don’t have any materials to study. They are innocent and unfortunate. With your support They will have opportunities to receive an education. We are lucky that we live in Hong Kong. So would you like to help them? If so, show your support Our school collects textbooks and IT-devices to help the children who live in the remote villages every year. If you have some unwanted textbooks and/or IT-devices which are still in good condition but just occupying your space, is the chance to make them useful and make space for yourself by donating them. Event of last year Six hundred students and their parents took part in this event. We collected about a thousand textbooks and a hundred IT devices. We were ecstatic! Events for this year This year, we even and more students and parents can take part in such a meaningful event. Students can search their rooms and find some unwanted textbooks. Parents can look for IT devices, they don't need. How can we donate? It’s simple. A box will put in the school lobby on March 20th. The box...
Words: 325 - Pages: 2
...About 50,300,000 results (0.22 seconds) Sponsored Shop for accounting calculator on Google Texas Instruments B... $34.99 Staples HP 10bII+ Financial Cal... $29.99 HP Direct Texas Instruments B... $39.99 toysrus.com Texas Instruments B... $42.14 Walmart Hewlett‑Pack... 12C Financia... $85.99 Overstock.... Shop by brand:HP Texas Instruments Search Results Online Accounting Calculator - Equations, Formulas, and Ratios www.a-systems.net/calculator/10+ items – Accounting Calculator. Calculate accounting ratios and ... Name Equation Asset Turnover Net Sales / Total Assets Average Collection Period Accounts Receivable / (Annual Credit Sales / 365) Net Profit, Net Income, Income - Gross Profit Margin - Receivables Turnover Ratio Accounting Calculator - Android Apps on Google Play https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=jp.gr...hl... 69 votes - Free - Android Aug 27, 2012 – This application is an accounting calculator with many functions. *Calculating due to 12 figures *Digit grouping separators *Four arithmetic ... Images for accounting calculator - Report images Accounting - TCalc online financial calculators - TimeValue Software tcalc.timevalue.com/accounting.aspxSuite of financial calculators for the CPA industry. Add these calculators to your existing cpa accounting website. Free accounting online line calculator calculator.utilstudio.com/Free accounting online line calculator. ... Free accounting online line calculator...
Words: 519 - Pages: 3
...the story is fact or fiction and to use transitional words and phrases Illustration The purpose of an illustration essay is to show or demonstrate a point to your reader. Order of importance is the best way to organize an illustration essay. Differentiate the kinds of arguments and expressions used in order to keep the reader’s attention and use transitional words so the reader can follow the evidence being presented. Description The purpose of a descriptive essay is to describe something using sensual details Spatial order is the best organizational method the structure order is top to bottom, center, or left to right. The author should use sharp and brief details in the description and when describing things the author needs to include the five senses. Classification The purpose of a classification essay is to breakdown a topic into particular parts A classification essay is organized by the subtopics. Use strong details for each subtopic and...
Words: 383 - Pages: 2
