...by Roy J. Lewicki, Alexander Hiam, Paperback - 288 pages, (October 1998) John Wiley & Sons; ISBN: 0471256986 Tactic #1. Make Feelings Measurable: Sometimes you can make intangible goals tangible by converting them to measurable milestones. “Get my husband home by 7:00 every night” is more measurable then “Reform my husband,” although perhaps no easier to accomplish! Other goals must remain intangible, but are still important. But always try to attach measurable outcomes or indicators to every goal, regardless of how intangible or emotional the goal may be. If all else fails, you can say, “I want to feel at least 50 – percent better about my husband’s overworking by the end of next month or I’m outta here.” That quantifies your feelings, making it easier to think about how to achieve your emotional goal. Tactic #2. The Why Question: One way to get at underlying interests is to ask yourself the “why” question that was mentioned in chapter 3. Why do you want a particular objective? For example, do you need a car to get to work, or do you want a particular model to show people that you are successful? Are you looking for a house in a particular section of town because it is a better neighborhood, or do you need a larger house because your family is expanding? And why do you want to live in a particular section of town? To use this surfacing tactic to explore your underlying interests, write as many sentences as possible beginning, “Why do I want…” Then answer...
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...Persuasion Tactics in Negotiations Randall Flores University of La Verne Since early childhood, persuasion has been used as a means to get something you want. Persuasion is an attempt to change attitudes or behaviors. It can be used to reach a specific point in the overall negotiation process. It is also very important to understand persuasion tactic. Persuasion can be a very powerful negotiation strategy and will help the success of your arguments. It is important to know both how to used the art of persuasion as well as know when it’s being used against you. Persuasion has been used to help make other parties agree or compromise their own position. If you wish to be a good negotiator, you need to have a good grasp of the art of persuasion. Persuasion can be spoken, body gestures, facial expressions, vocal tone and also silence. Despite all these types, verbal language is the principal channel of persuasion. Other persuasion tactics include: - Body Language: leaning in towards the other party. - Vocal Tone: Raising or lowering your voice to change delivery and interpretation of your words. - Facial Expression: Showing anger or agreeability in your facial expressions as the other parties are arguing their position. According to the International Negotiations Handbook, there are several other types of persuasion tactics. One of these would include story telling. This is when you present your argument as a story that explains your...
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...Negotiation Strategy and Tactics Tutorial Prepare responses to the questions below after viewing the Negotiation Strategy and Tactics Tutorial in this week's lecture. In drafting your answers to the questions, make sure that you apply course concepts in your answers. Part A: What are the objectives of both parties in the exchanges? Marilyn and Len are both looking out for their teams, and protecting their own best interests. Marilyn’s objective is to get Len to turnover five billion dollars worth of viable accounts. Len’s objective is to get Marilyn to accept the accounts he has chosen to give her, so that his team won’t incur a loss of commission. How would you describe the general "tone" of the exchanges? I would describe the general tone as a negative emotional tone in the first exchange. In the second exchange, the tone shifts from a negative to a more positive tone, as the negotiation evolves. In the end it appears that Marilyn changes the tone of the negotiations. Part B: Were Marilyn's objectives achieved in the first exchange? Not really. Marilyn stated her position expecting to maximize her resources and share of value, but failed to make her needs or interests known. Seeking to make the best possible case for his or her preferred perspective, Marilyn should have assembled some facts, or other evidence to persuade Len of the validity for her perspective. Arguments and frames began to shift, as the parties focused on refuting the other’s case. I believe...
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...exercise keep my stress level low. I feel great, and I sleep well. Professionally, I will make sure that I keep a calendar that allows me to do things like get to the gym before work, or take a walk at lunchtime. The self-care strategy that I would like to implement is working on self-boundaries. These boundaries include being able to say no, or putting things that I need to do first. Norm Dasenbrook indicates that a person who is unable to say no, risks being irritable and becoming overwhelmed (Laureate Education, 2010). One way that I can implement this in my personal and professional life is to keep a calendar that reflects a reasonable schedule. Scheduling time for the things that I enjoy will keep me from over committing. Another tactic that I can employ is to not give someone an answer immediately. Saying “I need to think about it and get back to you,” will give me time to decide if it is the best thing for me to do. Counselors often become negligent regarding taking care of their health and welfare. Cummins, Massey & Jones detail the importance of taking care of oneself in order to be...
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...De Certeau, Michel. The Practice of Everyday Life. Translated by Steven F. Randall Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. In this insightful and thought provoking book, de Certeau endeavours to establish his theory of productivity and consumption being innate in everyday life. To add, de Certeau explores Foucault’s concept of social practices in Disciplines and Punishment, Bordieu’s habitus, and others, as his introductions to the procedures of everyday creativity, or practices. Furthermore, he explains the system of “the relations between consumers and the mechanism of production” while distinguishing two uses of practices: strategy and tactics. By opening the discussion with the “everyman” or the “nobody” he is talking about the philosophy of anonymity. There seems to be some mixed emotions towards this everyman, both praising yet somewhat negative. For how he is shown with “already democratic in inspiration” but has also “embarked in the crowded human ship of fools.” (pg. 1) The character noble in his struggle of existence against hostile systems, but is ironic in simplicity. Saying that, trivialities stand between the everyman’s paths. De Certeau claims that there is a must in using common language as a means to understand common, anonymous, people, when his language is anything but. Anonymity, the mass, hides within general society’s perception and are unknown to all, even to themselves. Saying that common is so unanimous that it is hard to differentiate...
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...was very considerable since it covered a major route into Roman Mesopotamia and beyond into north Syria or northwestwards into Asia Minor (Haldon, 2008). The Battle of Dara takes place outside the city walls in the summer of 530. It is at this pivotal battle that the Roman forces reinforce the small force theory that is used on the modern battlefield (Leonhard). The Roman Commander Belisarius had proven himself a resourceful commander, known to do a great deal with very little. History has shown that Belisarius takes his soldiers into battles vastly outnumbered and yet they end up victorious. THESIS The intent of this battle analysis is to highlight three key events, causes, effects, and lessons learned as it relates to the battle tactics that the Romans used at the Battle of Dara. It has been argued by historians that the larger force usually end the battle victorious. By examining this Battle, we will prove that warfare has evolved throughout the years. Small forces of highly trained and disciplined soldiers can out maneuver and be victorious in armed conflict against a much larger force despite having limited resources. KEY EVENT 1 The previous year relations between the Roman emperor and the Persian king had started to deteriorate drastically. The Persian king viewed the outpost at Dara as a direct threat to the Persian Empire. Dara was located along a major route into Roman Mesopotamia and north Syria. King Kavadh of Persia was determined to remove the Romans...
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...2014-19-E-858 | Oluwole Adeoti | WELL DONE MADAM | NEGOTIATION TERM PAPER | WELL DONE MADAM | NEGOTIATION TERM PAPER | TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Intro Strategy and Tactics employed by Mrs. B ………………………………… 3 Negotiation Strategy …………………………………………………………….. 5 Types of Negotiation Strategy …………………………………………………… 5 Negotiation Tactics …………………………………………………………….. 5 Types of Negotiation tactics …………………………………………………… 6 Conclusion Reference Introduction Negotiation is a means through which differences are being settled. This usually involves communication between two or more people, parties who intend to reach a mutual beneficial outcome, have points of difference to resolve, trying to gain advantage for an individual or a group or get an outcome that will satisfy various interest. Through negotiation, compromise or agreement is been reached while avoiding argument and dispute and it is aimed to achieve most favorable result for the position that that the negotiator stands for. The case well done Madam is centered on negotiation between the protagonists Mrs B and the Airport police, how she used her negotiation skill to secure the release of her driver and the company car without been booked and paying the appropriately charges. Monday, Mrs B driver had wrongfully parked at the Airport entrance against his boss wish and was arrested for illegal parking by the Airport police. Mrs B noticing this from distance used negotiation process and tactical maneuvering to gain advantage...
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...Ethics in Negotiation: 1. Define Ethical Negotiation. Why do ethics matter? How would you apply ethics within the context of your Negotiation Final Project for this course? Ethics are the social principles or gauge whether some body is following the set social standards or not. The role of these social or ethical standards is very important in any type of negotiation for both parties. This gives the chance for both parties to know the tactics which are being used are deceptive, ethical or unethical and then help them examining the ethical tones and aid them in decision making. This also help both parties distinguish among different criteria, or standards, for judging and evaluating a negotiator’s actions, particularly when questions of ethics might be involved. In my final project, I will choose and react to the other party by keeping in mind the following mix of approaches. • Choose a course of action on the basis of results I expect to achieve (e.g., greatest return on investment). • Choose a course of action on the basis of my personal convictions (e.g., what my conscience tells me to do). 2. What motivates unethical behavior in negotiations? What are the potential consequences? How can negotiators deal with the other party's use of deception? When one party or individual want to secure his own establish outcome ignoring other party interest motivates unethical behavior. The unethical behavior outcome also depends on how high are the party stakes, competitiveness...
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...Knight Engines Inc. BATNA Going into this negotiation I went in with a set BATNA. I started off asking for $600 for each pistol and did not want to leave with less than $485 for each unit. Unfortunately my other option was to sell the units to Hank’s Super Monster Tractors Inc. for $100 per piston which would have given me a loss of $380 for each piston produced. This option of selling them for $100 was better than throwing them away but I was determined not to have a loss on all of the items. My alternative solution affected my negotiation by making push for a deal with Knight Engines Inc. because it would give me free advertising and shows the government our products so that if they are satisfied with our product, they would use us in the future. Agreement Knight Engines Inc. and I made an agreement of $485.10 (which included the 5% late fee) per unit. They ended up ordering 8,500 pistons of our 10,000 already at hand with no insurance. I was not completely satisfied with the agreement, not because of the money but the relationship. After hearing how other negotiations went it made my satisfaction decrease because I felt like more people were being more flexible than she was. Other than the price of the pistons, I asked for free advertising which she agreed to. We also agreed to do business later but at a higher price, which had no impact on competitiveness. My Tactics and Strategies During the negotiation I used the tactic of forbearance which ended up making me frustrated...
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...Negotiation Closing Deals, Settling Disputes, and Making Team Decisions David S. Hames University of Nevada, Las Vegas @>SAGE Los Angeles | London | New Delhi Singapore | Washington DC • •-*» •• • i ' w ' t * • * 5s" i- . •> - • • y . » " •• is • Acknowledgments Preface PART I: THE FUNDAMENTALS 1 The Nature of Negotiation: What It Is and Why It Matters Intended Benefits of This Chapter The Essence of Negotiation What Is Negotiation? 5 6 6 When Do People Negotiate? Technology 6 4 3 xvii xix 1 3 Why Has Negotiation Become a More Important Skill? The Workplace 7 8 9 10 11 How People Negotiate: The Dual Concerns Model The Pros and Cons of Negotiating The Shadow Negotiation 10 What Does a Negotiation Look Like? Conclusion and Implications for Practice READING 1.1 - ONLINE DISPUTE RESOLUTION: DO YOU KNOW WHERE YOUR CHILDREN ARE?, 8Y DAVID A . LARSON 1 3 19 READING 1.2 - BALANCING ACT: HOW TO MANAGE NEGOTIATION TENSIONS, BY SUSAN HACKLEY Preparation: Building the Foundation for Negotiating Intended Benefits of This Chapter The Essence of Preparation 23 23 23 The Preparation Process, or How to Make I t All Happen Strategic Planning: Establishing the Framework Defining the Situation Setting Goals 29 30 25 25 25 Determining Your Strategy Strategy Implementation: Operationalizing the Plan 30 The Component Parts of the Situation 30 Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement (BATNA) Reservation Prices or...
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...Cell Phone Negotiations MGT 557 April 8, 2013 Cell Phone Negotiations In today’s society, cell phones have become and necessitate and also have become a billion dollar business. Distributors of cell phones look for maximum profit by buying from manufactures’ at the cheapest price. Not only does price matter in negotiations, but considerations for individual differences such as cultural differences must occur for the outcome of a negotiation to be successful. In today’s economy, it is not uncommon for companies to go overseas for cheaper manufactures’ cost to increase profits. However, American companies who wish to compete internally in manufacturing products face the high labor costs in the United States compared to foreign countries. In this paper, the author will discuss a negotiation between a Chinese and an American negotiation team over cell phone cost per unit and possible influences that go into the negotiations such as gender difference, personality, culture and perception, cognition, and emotion. Summary of Cell Phone Negotiation The negotiation involves two teams, the all-American negotiating team from the United States and...
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...365 – Managerial Negotiations Professor Richardson Exam Review Exam Layout * Covers Chapters 1 – 10 * 34 multiple choice (worth 2.5 points each = 85 points) * 2 short answer/essays (worth 10 and 5 points each = 15 points) Overview: The exam will cover material from the chapters and class lectures. Use your notes and the class slides as a guide. To further direct your studies, here are some key terms and concepts from each chapter on which to focus. Chapter 1 What are the characteristics of negations? Why do negotiations occur? What are the different types of negotiations? What are the dilemmas associated with negotiating? What is mutual adjustment? What is the dual concerns model with regard to concern for outcomes? Chapter 2 How would you describe distributive bargaining? What is BATNA? What are some examples of hardball tactics? Chapter 3 How would you describe integrative negotiation? What are interests? How do you facilitate integrative negotiation? Chapter 4 What is the difference between strategy and tactics? What is the dual concerns model with regard to substantive vs. relationship outcomes? What does planning involve? Negotiating Style and Individual Differences (Readings 4.1 and 4.2) What are some differences between male and female negotiators? Chapter 5 What are some common perceptual distortions that that may affect negotiations? What are some common perceptual biases that may affect negotiations? How do emotions...
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...Paper #1 I. Negotiation Style in Terms of My Personality Prior to taking this course, I thought negotiators were either tough or soft, without much room in between. I believed that being tough meant being successful and that being soft meant giving others an unfair advantage by sacrificing your position. In reality, however, neither is the case. In terms of my personality, my first thought was that I am somewhere between individualistic and competitive. I had considered myself to be somewhat of a tough negotiator because I knew I had a tendency to be stubborn and overly truthful in order to achieve my goals. As I gave the matter more thought, however, I realized that I could be somewhat cooperative as well, depending on the needs of the situation. I analyzed past negotiations and how my style has evolved. I remembered that I did try to be fair – so long as I could achieve my goals as much as possible, I was willing to give some concessions. In other words, I did not want to “win the battle but lose the war.” II. Strengths and Weaknesses of My Style – Positive and Negative Outcomes Being a tough negotiator - with more of an individualistic or competitive edge - can have both strengths and weaknesses that produce a variety of outcomes. During such discussions, it is important to concentrate on your goals and not get sidetracked by irrelevant issues. Your interests must remain paramount in order to survive in a competitive business world. On a positive note...
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...INBA6110 – NEGOTIATING SKILLS The seat belts in school buses controversy Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction 4 Problem Statement 4 Analysis of the Negotiation 5 Recommendations and conclusion 5 Bibliography 7 Appendices 8 Simulation Case i Organizational Chart / members of the team ii Opening Letter iii Dates / # of Post made during negotions via CHSB iv Executive Summary The paper discusses the process of the negotiation between the Public Transport Authority and the Mosquito Mums. A negotiation where both parties had defined objectives focused on the seat belts controversy. The study also speaks about the constraints that arise during the negotiation. Both parties presented their proposal however the negotiation reached to no consensus agreement. Furthermore, both groups presented strong factual points but the PTA thinks that the Mosquito Mums still did not raised a strong reason for the petition. In addition, the study discussed about the importance of following the 7 phases in negotiation. Introduction Negotiation is defined as a process by which two or more parties attempt to resolve their opposing interest[1]. The interest in this case was provided as a simulation exercise that occurred during the period October 17th to 23rd 2014 on the conflict of needs - “The...
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...Negotiation Checklist A systematic way to ensure you are well-prepared before your next negotiation. Instructions for use: If using this checklist online, replace the checkbox with an X. A. About You □ 1. What is your overall goal? □ 2. What are the issues? □ 3. How important is each issue to you? □ (a) List all of the issues of importance from step 2. □ (b) Rank order all of the issues. □ (c) Assign points to all the issues (assign weighted values based on a total of 100 points). □ (d) List the range of possible settlements for each issue. Your assessments of realistic, low, and high expectations should be grounded in industry norms and your best-case expectations. □ (e) Assign points to the possible outcomes that you identified for each issue. □ (f) Double-check the accuracy of your scoring system. □ (g) Use the scoring system to evaluate any offer that is on the table. □ 4. What is your “best alternative to negotiated agreement” (BATNA)? □ 5. What is your resistance point (e.g., the worst agreement you are willing to accept before ending negotiations)? If your BATNA is vague, consider identifying the minimum terms you can possibly accept and beyond which you must recess to gather more information. B. About the Other Side □ 1. How important is each issue to them (plus any new issues they added)? □ 2. What is their best alternative to negotiated agreement? □ 3. What is their resistance point? □ 4. Based on questions B.1, B.2, and B.3, what is...
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