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Answers for Page 30 (Short Answer Question 1-5) 1. Open standards are openly documented standards, published without restrictions that limit implementations. It’s advantages are (a). it makes for easier maintenance, upgrade, and troubleshooting for technology infrastructures. (b). It also helps in both Software and Hardware in terms of providing data and telecommunications technologies. 2. Layered Architecture can be viewed as a beneficial because they are there to design pattern that structures applications so they can be decomposed into groups of subtasks such that each group of subtasks is assigned a specific set of functionalities and responsibilities. 3. Protocol is a set of rules that determine how something is performed or accomplished. It can be used for our daily routine in our life. Example. (Technological protocol)- Encoding Scheme is a way of transforming one type of data or information into another. Translating English into French. 4. The four different types of Networks are LAN,WAN,MAN, and Area Networks. It’s characteristics of each are; * LAN - Local Area Network * WAN - Wide Area Network * MAN - Metropolitan Area Network * BN – Network in a single building or is used to connect other networks of the enterprise.
5 . OSI and TCP/IP models similar – The main similarities between the two models include the following: - Both of the models share a similar architecture. This can be illustrated by the fact that both of them are constructed with layers.
-Both models assume that packets are switched.- Basically this means that individual packets may take differing paths in order to reach the same destination.
DIFFERENCES are as follows.
-TCP/IP Protocols are considered to be standards around which the internet has developed. The OSI model however is a "generic, protocol- independent standard.
-The OSI model consists

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