...2. What are the main telecommunications transmission media and types of networks? Name the different types of physical transmissions media and compare them in terms of speed and cost? Twisted wire consists of strands of copper wire twisted in pairs and is the oldest transmission medium. Many telephone systems had twisted wires installed for analog communication but can also be used for digital. The twisted wires used in today’s LANs, such as CAT5, can obtain speeds up to 1 Gbps but is limited to a maximum run of 100 meters. Coaxial cable consists of thickly insulated copper wire that can transmit a larger volume of data than that of twisted wire. Coax was used in early LANs and is still used for longer runs on larger buildings. Coax has a maximum speed of up to 1 Gbps. Fiber-optic cable has bound strands of clear glass fiber – each one the thickness of human hair. Data is transformed into pulses of light that are then sent through the cable by a laser device at rates varying from 500 Kbps to several trillion bits per second. Fiber-optic is considerably faster, lighter, and durable that wire media and well suited to systems requiring transfers of large volumes of data. But it is more expensive and harder to install than other physical media. Define a LAN, and describe its components and the functions of each component. LAN is a local area networks connect PCs and other digital devices together within a 500-meter radius and used for many corporate computing tasks...
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...Chapter 6 Answer the following review questions. 1. PC1 is using TCP and has a window size of 4000. PC1 sends four segments to PC2 with 1000 bytes of data each, with sequence numbers 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000. PC1 does not receive an acknowledgment within its current timeout value for this connection. What should PC1 do next? a. Increase its window to 5000 or more segments b. Send the next segment, with sequence number 6000 c. Resend the segment whose sequence number was 5000 d. Resend all four previously sent segments 2. Which of the following are not features of a protocol that is considered to match OSI Layer 4? e. Error recovery f. Flow control g. Segmenting of application data h. Conversion from binary to ASCII 3. Which of the following header fields identify which TCP/IP application gets data received by the computer? i. Ethernet Type j. SNAP Protocol Type k. IP Protocol Field l. TCP Port Number m. UDP Port Number n. Application ID 4. Which of the following are not typical functions of TCP? o. Windowing p. Error recovery q. Multiplexing using port numbers r. Routing s. Encryption t. Ordered data transfer 5. Which of the following functions is performed by both TCP and UDP? u. Windowing v. Error recovery w. Multiplexing using port numbers x. Routing y. Encryption ...
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...THOUGHT QUESTIONS 1. Which Web site had most of the media listed above? I honestly used Amazon and Ebay for them, and cross referenced price. On both you could find new and used routers. Depending on shipping, your cost might go up. Unless you are an Amazon Prime member then you only pay the annual cost for that and get upgrades in shipping included in your membership. 2. Were there a variety of Cisco routers/switches for you to choose from? Why? There was a variety. There were still g routers out there and to be honest, I don’t know why. They are old tech and n routers are the way to right now. Maybe older systems can’t see n routers? Either way, there are tons of n routers out there to choose from. Why Cisco? In my experience as technician for Comcast I have seen the frailties of other companies’ hardware. Rarely do I have to trouble shoot the customers router, they are that good and stable. 3. Do hardware purchases or salaries for IT workers demand a greater share of the total cost of ownership for an IT infrastructure at a typical medium-sized company? Why? I believe the answer should be yes. As technology grows, as it’s done exponentially in the past 2 decades, having proper IT service can make or break a company doing business that involves any sort of communication via a network. When problems arise, or new equipment is added, it has to be setup and running in a way that benefits the company and workers ASAP. 4. Is it less expensive for companies...
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...organization possess only basic computer assembling and troubleshooting skills, while a few higher-skilled individuals operate as the specialists” (University of Phoenix, 2002). Two years ago, due to stagnation in the system integration market, Harold Redd, Chief Executive Officer investigated the possibilities of adding, designing, building, and implementing complex computer networks into Synergetic as a means to increase revenue. Synergetic has received a contract worth $1.2 million for designing a network and is currently working on contracts worth $5 million. Redd decided Synergetic should focus on networking designs as a primary source of income and has set a target goal of $12 million total revenue in the next 9 months of which 80% is the goal of network design and building. Redd has invested in 4 engineers to receive training and certification in networking technologies with the end goal of drawing new customers to Synergetic thereby increasing total sales and profits. Synergetic, facing reduction of revenue, desire to increase profitability, employee dissatisfaction, changes in consumer purchasing patterns, declining market shares due to competition, and changes in technology due to stagnation caused by the current economic conditions. Synergetic is proposing the following plan to change the mainstream business structure from assembly and troubleshooting of computers to designing and building complex computer networks thus keeping up and surpassing current market...
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...COMM 1001 Final Project Part 1: Skills Inventory Worksheet Directions: This worksheet can be filled in as you complete each week of this course. You will turn in your final worksheet during week 6 as the first part of your final project to the proper submission link designated for this worksheet in the Week 6 Project area. This worksheet contains 4 sections, each sections asks a question about the 6 academic skills. In Question one, you need to answer the question for each skill. But for questions 2-4 you need only choose two skills to answer the question. You should type your answers in the boxes provided. Question #1: Why are these skills important personally and academically? |Please write a few sentences (25-50 words) for each skill to answer this. | |Writing Personally writing helps me to stay in touch with family and friends through texting and email. Academically it | |helps me with my assignments and discussions so that I do not have any grammatical errors. | | | |Academic Integrity This is important to me personally because I want to know that the work I submit is my own, | |so I...
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...Guide Questions for “US College Blocks Facebook and Twitter in Social Experiment” (Group 5): 1. Why does the writer ask the following questions: “Harrisburg in Pennsylvania? Can that be true? Can a town better known for its steel industry and agriculture than for internet censorship really have joined the list?” For the writer, it seems unlikely that a small American town would censor the use of the internet. The other examples that the writer gives of places that block access to the internet are Burma, China and Iran. These countries are all in Asia, and are known to have conservative views. Burma, China, Iran, Harrisburg in Pennsylvania –it’s like a “encircle the one that does not belong” question in an exam. 2. What supporting information does the report provide? Does the report emphasize certain details while de-emphasizing others? Explain your answer. The report focuses more on the positive reactions towards the censorship of the internet rather than the negative reactions. In the article, there are several direct quotes from students who found the blockage helpful and more beneficial; however, the article only mentioned how some students went to a nearby hotel to use the internet and how some computer geeks tried to reroute the internet access. The voice of those who opposed the blockage was not heard in the article. The writer also focused more on the negative effects of social networking versus the positive effects. The writer mentioned...
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...Doe, I’m very interested in how this subject will help me in my field of study. I have a few questions to ask, and was looking for some clarity on the subject matter. A few of my concerns are, what benefits will I gain so I can use them on my job? How will this enhanced my major in computer networking? Last but not least, how will this expand my writing? From past experiences, writing was never one of my strong suits, but I’m willing to learn what I need to know in order to take it to the next level. I want to know how I can apply some of this stuff to my job. Are there any workshops I need to attend? For example, some sample writing on trying to get a job that you have the experience for yet. Another question I have is how will this enhanced my area of study? I know job wise will help but say if I’m running binary codes for networking. Are there any tips for brainstorming? My last question is how can I expand my writing skills? There are many more questions I have but these will be some of the highlight ones I’m looking to get answered. To conclude, I hope I gain the proper knowledge in writing. I’m looking to be the best at whatever I put my hands to, and with the proper help, I hope I’m able to pass some of this valuable information off to someone else who are having the same types of questions that I’m having. So thank you for giving me the opportunity to ask some questions and I’m looking forward to hearing back from you and some of the response that you have to give...
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...challenges. Even though HCL Technologies revenue was growing by 30% a year, it was losing market share and mindshare and its competitors were growing at the rate of 40% or 50% a year (Nayar, 2010). The IT service industry was changing rapidly, customers didn’t want to work with an undifferentiated service provider that offered discrete service; they wanted long term partners that would provide end to end services (Nayer, 2010). Within four years Nayar was able to triple the company’s annual revenues, doubled its market capitalization, ranked as India’s best employer by Hewitt and pioneered a unique management culture call Employees First, Customer’s Second. How did he do it? He spoke the truth as he saw it, offered ideas, told stories, asked questions and made the leap himself (Nayar, 2010). Analysis Employees first, customers second...
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...This lecture is about leadership especially the way to be a great leader. The lecture said changing and networking are important factors to be successful. Networking is very familiar with Willburn(2014) opinion. This lecture said a good leader should develop relationships with different people in order to make right decision. Willburn(2014) describe network more specific. It is said that network requires different actions at different points, relationships will shift over a career. Both lecture and Dinwoodie(2015) argued that good leaders should courage enough to make changes. The lecture described that leaders should not just stand down they should see around the staff and do the right thing with correct people in order to anticipate future. Meanwhile, Dinwoodie(2015) thought good leaders predict future though 4 parts, Discovering, Deciding, Doing and Discerning. This lecture is about the way to be a good leader. Using Ted’s research though 3 different questions to define a great leader. The author used to be a manager in a big company and found not all potential leader can be a great leader. Therefore, Ted quit job and travel all around the world to find the way to become a great leader. Ted use a lot of time to figure out the question including 3 aspects. The first thing to know is ‘where you looking to anticipate change?’ The answer is who you spend time with and why you doing this. Leaders should make decisions right now through subordinates transformation with each...
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...Varna Free University “Chernorizec Hrabar” ------------------------------------------------------------------------Institute of Technology Introduction to Computer Networking Prof. Teodora Bakardjieva 1 1.0 Introduction The purpose of the networking guidelines are as follows: to assist students in understanding the benefits of networking to help students place in context their current stage of networking development in their school. to assist students in planning the next stage of network development in their school. to provide standard networking ‘models’ and best practice to students that will assist students in their network planning. This document includes information under the following main headings: Introduction to Networking Advantages of Networking Types of Networks Models of networking appropriate to students NCTE recommendation to students Some relevant terms. 1.1. Basic of Networking A computer network consists of a collection of computers, printers and other equipment that is connected together so that they can communicate with each other. Fig 1 gives an example of a network in a school comprising of a local area network or LAN connecting computers with each other, the internet, and various servers. 2 File and Print Server CD or Multimedia Servers Access to: Internet content & learning resources, Scoilnet etc Email communication Users computers Cache, Proxy, Filtering, Firewall Server ...
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...Bronsburg Submitted by Rajesh Krishnan Written Assignment 1 You are the CIO of ACME Hospital in a rural underserved area. Your HCO recently received resources from a wealthy investor in the community to upgrade the hospitals communications system to a wireless platform. The boards of directors are not convinced this is a good thing, and have mixed feelings on what this will mean for the hospital. They all have cell phones but are unclear of the connection to medicine. Prepare a 4-6 page MS word document explaining to the board of directors what is wireless technology, how it works, its history, use in telemedicine, and what applications these technologies may be used for at the hospital setting. Read Chapter 1 to begin to answer these questions. What is wireless technology? Wireless technology is rapidly growing, and is playing an increasing role in people around the world in healthcare industry. Wireless is a term used to describe telecommunications in which electromagnetic waves instead of wires carry the signal over part or the entire communication pathway. The fourth generation cellular networks have greatly improved data transmission speed. In the meantime, short-range radio such as Bluetooth, Hiperlan, and infrared transmission are helping with wireless broadband multimedia and data communication in both office, hospital and home settings. Recently wireless network communications have gained huge popularity in healthcare organizations as the technological advancements...
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...WIRELESS NETWORKING Introduction A wireless network is any type of computer network that uses wireless data connections for connecting network nodes .Wireless networking is a method by which homes, telecommunications networks and enterprise (business).Installations avoid the costly process of introducing cables into a building, or as a connection between various equipment locations. Wireless telecommunications networks are generally implemented and administered using radio communication. This implementation takes place at the physical level (layer) of the OSI model network structure. Examples of wireless networks include cell phone networks, Wi-Fi local networks and terrestrial microwave networks. Wireless network made up of There are two kinds of wireless networks: * An ad-hoc, or peer-to-peer wireless network * Access point Ad-hoc or peer-to-peer wireless network It consists of a number of computers each equipped with a wireless networking interface card. Each computer can communicate directly with all of the other wireless enabled computers. They can share files and printers this way, but may not be able to access wired LAN resources, unless one of the computers acts as a bridge to the wired LAN using special software. (This is called "bridging") Each computer with a wireless interface can communicate directly with all of the others. Access point or base station A wireless network can also use an access point...
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...MBA 6006 Leading Innovation in the Global Organization Analysis of Leaders in Innovation November 9, 2014 Introduction A leader is known as someone that people follow and guides and directs others. Having a leader within an organization is extremely important for an organization to function. Not only is it important to have a leader within an organization but it is also vital that a leader understands the importance of innovation within an organization. The primary goal for most companies is to be successful. Success is usually measured by the growth of a company or organization but how does a company reach growth? A companies’ success would be almost impossible without innovation. In addition to innovation it is also important for companies to recognize global trends when devising a strategy for innovation. This paper will discuss the global trends related to the Nayar article to create a more innovative organization as it relates to the five discovery skills. It will also discuss recommendations for improvement of the use of the discovery skills. Influence of Global Trends In the article “A Maverick CEO explains how he persuaded his team to look into the future”, Nayar was appointed president of the Delphi based IT services provider HCL technologies. When Nayar was appointed he knew that he had some challenges ahead of him. There were some challenges that the global economy was experiencing at that time and he had to find a way to make the company successful despite...
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...Hay, I’m very interested in how this subject will help me in my field of study. I have a few questions to ask, and was looking for some clarity on the subject matter. A few of my concerns are, what benefits will I gain so I can use them on my job? How will this enhanced my major in computer networking? Last but not least, how will this expand my writing? From past experiences, writing was never one of my strong suits, but I’m willing to learn what I need to know in order to take it to the next level. I want to know how I can apply some of this stuff to my job. Are there any workshops I need to attend? For example, some sample writing on trying to get a job that you have the experience for yet. Another question I have is how will this enhanced my area of study? I know job wise will help but say if I’m running binary codes for networking. Are there any tips for brainstorming? My last question is how can I expand my writing skills? There are many more questions I have but these will be some of the highlight ones I’m looking to get answered. To conclude, I hope I gain the proper knowledge in writing. I’m looking to be the best at whatever I put my hands to, and with the proper help, I hope I’m able to pass some of this valuable information off to someone else who are having the same types of questions that I’m having. So thank you for giving me the opportunity to ask some questions and I’m looking forward to hearing back from you and some of the response that you have to give...
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...scalability, and switching and routing researchers looked at the scalability of the switches and routers. Service providers studied the application architectures of the services for the scalable performance that they need to provide to subscribers and, the maintenance folks paid attention to scalability of service provisioning algorithms, protocols and software. Similarly, the wireless networking community has also started to look at the scalability issues that are relevant to wireless cellular, wireless local, as well as wireless personal area networks besides the emerging area of infrastructure-less networks such as ad-hoc and sensor networks. Surprisingly there is significant scope for research in the wireless scalability area as it relates to the ad hoc and sensor networks and this is one of the reasons why this topic was chosen for a special issue. A wireless sensor network is likely to have a large number of nodes perhaps in thousands to millions and that may create, potentially, numerous scaling problems in the networking protocols, addressing schemes, hardware architectures etc. The key questions that people are asking in this area are: whether wireless networks are scalable? And if they are, what are the appropriate conditions under which the scalability properties are achievable? One of the pioneering works on the capacity of wireless networks was published by Gupta and Kumar [1]. This paper presented a theoretical framework to analyze the capacity of...
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