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Networking

In: Computers and Technology

Submitted By mousenet99
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1. List two advantages of wireless networking. User mobility in the workplace, and cost effective networking media for use in areas that are difficult or too costly to wire.

2. What are the three areas defined for the IEEE 802.11 standard? Physical Layer (PHY): The method of transmitting the data, which may be either RF or infrared (although infrared is rarely used.)
Medium Access Control (MAC): The reliability of the data service, access control to the shared wireless medium, protecting the privacy of the transmitted data.

MAC management protocols and services: Authentication, association, data delivery, and privacy.

3. What is an ad hoc network? In this network, the wireless clients (stations) communicate directly with each other.

4. What is the purpose of an Extended Service Set? By adding multiple access points to the network, the range of mobility of a wireless client in the LAN is extended.

5. What are the four physical layer technologies being used in 802.11 wireless networking? Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS), Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS); Infrared, and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

6. Describe the frequency spectrum for the DSSS channels in 802.11b wireless networking. It implements 14 channels (each consuming 22 MHz) over approximately 90 MHz of RF spectrum in the 2.4 GHz ISM (industrial, scientific, and medical) band.

7. Define a pseudorandom sequence as it applies to FHSS. Pseudorandom means the sequence appears to be random but in fact does repeat, typically after some lengthy period of time.

8. What must the FHSS transmitting and receiving units know to communicate? Hopping Sequence: The order of frequency changes.

9. What is the frequency range used by 802.11a, and what modulation technique is used? 5 GHz Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM).

10. What is the maximum data rate for the following:
a. 802.11b: 11 Mbps
b. 802.11a: 54 Mbps
c. 802.11g: 54 Mbps
d. 802.11n: 200+ Mbps
11. Define MIMO as it applies to 802.11n. Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO): it uses a technique called space-division multiplexing, where the data stream is split into multiple parts called spatial streams. The different spatial streams are transmitted using separate antennas.

12. What is the purpose of the power-save mode in 802.11n? It only uses multiple data paths when faster data transmission is required—thus saving power.

13. What is the purpose of an access point? To provide a bridge between the wireless LAN and the wired network.

14. How does the access point know if a wireless data packet is intended for its network? The wireless LAN devices use an SSID to identify what wireless data traffic is allowed to connect to the network.

15. What is an association, and what is its purpose? Association is used to describe that a wireless connection has been obtained. The access point uses the SSID to determine whether the client is to become a member of the wireless network.

16. Draw a picture of a point-to-point wireless connection.

17. Draw a picture of a point-to-multipoint wireless network.

18. What are the key issues to be obtained from conducting a site survey for each of the following?
A: Indoor B. Outdoor
Electrical Power Electrical power (base access point) Wired network connection point(s) Connection back to the home network
Access point placement Antenna selection
RF coverage - user mobility Bandwidth supported
Bandwidth supported RF coverage
Identify any significant RF interference Identify any significant RF interference.

19. In what frequency band does Bluetooth operate? 2.4 GHz

20. How many output power classes does Bluetooth have? List the power level and the operating range for each class. 3 classes
Class 1: 20 dbm: 100 m
Class 2: 4 dbm: 10 m
Class 3: 0 dbm: 1 m

21. What is a piconet? An ad hoc network of up to eight Bluetooth devices.

22. What is the purpose of the inquiry procedure in Bluetooth? When a Bluetooth device is enabled, it uses an inquiry procedure to determine whether any other Bluetooth devices are available.

23. What is the purpose of the paging procedure in Bluetooth? The paging procedure is used to establish and synchronize a connection between two Bluetooth devices.

24. Define the term backscatter. It refers to the reflection of the radio waves striking the RFID tag and reflecting back to the transmitter source with its stored unique identification information.

25. What are the three parameters that define an RFID system? Means of powering the tag, frequency of operation, and communications protocol (also called the air interface protocol).

26. Explain how power is provided to a passive RFID tag. By rectifying the RF energy transmitted from the reader which strikes the RF tag antenna.

27. Cite three advantages for using an active RFID tag. The power consumption of the G2C501 is 10μA in the sleep mode and uses two AA batteries with an expected lifetime of five years, it works in the standard 915 MHz range, and it also has location capability.

28. What are the three frequency bands typically used for RFID tags? Low Frequency, High Frequency, and Ultra-High Frequency.

29. What is the WiMax frequency standard for the United States? Unlicensed: 5.8GHz and licensed: 2.5 GHz spectrum.

30. Why was OFDM selected for WiMax? This signaling format was selected for the WiMAX standard IEEE 802.16a standard because of its improved NLOS (non line-of-sight) characteristics in the 2 GHz to 11 GHz frequency range.

31. How does WiMax differ from Wi-Fi? The WiMax differs from Wi-Fi in that the Wimax has to compete only once to gain entry into the network.

32. What is the most important thing to do if using a wireless network? The wireless security features are turned on.

33. What is the purpose of wireless beacons? In WLAN equipment, the beacons are transmitted so that a wireless user can identify an access point to connect to.

34. What information can be obtained from a wireless beacon? The Service Set Identifier (SSID) of the network.

35. What is the purpose of WEP? Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) is used to encrypt and decrypt wireless data packets.
36. List four guidelines for wireless security.
1. Make sure the wireless security features are turned on. 2. Use firewalls and intrusion detection on your WLAN.
3. Improve authentication of the WLAN by incorporating 802.1x features.
4. Consider using third-party end-to-end encryption software to protect the data that might be intercepted by an unauthorized user. 37. Describe the steps used by WPA2 to authenticate a user. The user must enter a password to access the network.

38. What is a RADIUS server? It is a service that is sometimes used to provide authentication. This type of authentication helps prevent unauthorized users from connecting to the network. Additionally, this authentication helps to keep authorized users from connecting to rouge of unauthorized access points.

39. What type of wireless connection is used to connect the home network to a multi-point distribution site? Point to point: having two antennas one to the home network and one to the distribution site by connecting the two via a bridge which will interconnect the two networks.

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