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Neural Plasticty

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Addiction and Biological Effects: Cocaine Dependence and Neurological Adaption

In America, Cocaine dependence is an issue which involves nearly every one in three drug related emergency hospital visits, having various personal and social economic impacts (Martell, Orson et al. 2009). Many individuals who suffer have been found to have impaired cognitive functions and manifest a myriad of biological and neurological dysfunctions. The relationship between cocaine and cocaine dependence on brain physiology is its effects on particular brain regions and receptors leading to synaptic plasticity mediating altered ability of learning and consolidation [pic](Martinez, Narendran et al. 2007; Thomas, Kalivas et al. 2008; Mameli, Halbout et al. 2009). I argue that cocaine dependence is the result of such neurological changes which occur in the brain which induce cocaine dependence. To justify this argument, I will demonstrate that the mechanisms governing the issue, which are the result of the reward systems, particularly that of dopamine receptors blunted response after repeated exposure to cocaine and how this system works in concert with white matter integrity and synaptic plasticity of the neuronal circuitry, including that of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) and brain derived neurotropic factors (BDNF) as well as the use of modafanil and methadone as plausible treatments in regards to the issue at hand.

The reward system and Cocaine Dependence
The concept of the reward system is understood to revolve around basic survival functions such as that of sexual arousal, hunger and thirst, whereby the growth to enact to fulfill these rewards can be mediated through related cues, e.g. water and food. Like natural environmental rewards just mentioned, addictive drugs behave in a similar manner, where by drugs like that of cocaine act on the reward mechanism

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