...Over the last 500 years, the double-entry system of accounting has provided the accounting profession with a reliable and accurate way of tracking the economic events of companies. However, with the implementation of computer-based accounting systems over the last few decades, event based accounting has gained popularity. The theory behind event based accounting is that each business transaction can be broken down into one, or a combination of three types of events: economic, business, and information. An economic event is one in which the quantity of resources change, such as selling an item or purchasing a service. Events like receiving an invoice from a supplier, or sending out a purchase order to a vendor are examples of business events. They are necessary to the company even though they are not the monetary or physical transactions for goods or services. Tasks like creating reports and inputting new customers are considered information events. Information events provide the necessary data for the economic or business events that transpire. The double-entry system of accounting focuses on taking those separate events and aggregating them into journal entries. By aggregating them, a great deal of the total information of the event is left out. Under an event based accounting system each event is recorded with as much of the information as possible, and then stored in tables of data that allow the user to recall and compile this information into usable reports. This...
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...transactions of a business entity in a chronological order. Accounting Accounting is the process of recording, classifying, reporting, analysing, interpreting and communicating of financial information to the stake holders. Accounting is the combination of all the 6 fields while bookkeeping is only a part of the accounting process. Double Entry System According to this system, every business transaction has a two-fold effect and that it affects two accounts in opposite directions. One of the two aspects is the benefit receiving aspect or “incoming aspect” (termed as Debit) and the other is the benefit giving aspect or “outgoing aspect” (termed as Credit). For every transaction, one account is to be debited and another account is to be credited in order to have a complete record of the transaction. The basic principle under this system is that for every debit, there must be a corresponding and equal credit and for every credit there must be a corresponding and equal debit. Following this principle, the arithmetical accuracy of the accounts can be checked by preparing a Trial Balance, where the total of Debits and Credits should tally. It is a scientific system maintaining a complete record of transactions which helps in the ascertainment of profit/loss and financial positionof the business while maintaining the accuracy of accounts Accounting Cycle The entire accounting cycle is based on the double entry system. Once a transaction occurs, it is recorded in the form of a...
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...Bookkeeping and Accounts (City & Guilds Level 2) Course Content: At the end of the course candidates should be able to to do the following at Level 2: * Ledger Accounting: Post ledger transactions, total and balance accounts, bringing down balances: sales ledger; purchase ledger; general ledger. * Control Accounts: Prepare and reconcile control accounts with individual ledger account balances in subsidiary ledgers for: sales ledger control account; purchase ledger control account. * Correction of errors: Identify different types of errors in ledger accounts: incorrect double entries, missing entries, numerical inconsistencies, incorrect calculations. Make appropriate adjustments in the Journal and the respective ledger accounts. Create and clear a suspense account where necessary. * Accounting for capital expenditure and depreciation: Distinguish between capital and revenue expenditure; Record depreciation using: straight line method, reducing balance method. Prepare accounts for depreciation and provision for depreciation. * Year end adjustments: Write off bad debts; Create and increase/reduce the provision for doubtful debts account; Account for accruals and prepayments in ledger accounts; Make appropriate adjustments in the journal; Prepare a trial balance from cash book and ledger balances; Prepare a revised trial balance from one initially drafted incorrectly. * Extended trial balance: Complete an extended trial balance making adjustments...
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...Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila College of Accountancy and Finance CHAPTER 1: ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND THE ACCOUNTANT Submitted By: Angeles, Jireh Nesamiel L. Carullo, Shery Lyn A. Gutierrez, Joe Mar C. Monforte, Roselyn G. Reyes, Edward Angelo A. BSA 3-9 Submittes To: Prof. Leandro Cruz Fua WHAT’S NEW IN ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS? Cloud Computing—Impact for Accountants According to Ron Gill, cloud computing is a way of using business applications over the Internet—such as the way you use the Internet for your bank transactions. Think of cloud computing as a way to increase IT capacity or add capabilities without investing in new infrastructure, training new people, or licensing new software. Mostly, we’re talking about a subscription-based or pay-per-use service that makes IT’s existing capabilities scalable whenever the need exists. Estimates suggest that the fast-growing cloud computing industry will reach $42 billion by 2012. Cloud computing resources may be categorized as data storage, infrastructure and platform, or application software (i.e., business applications such as purchases, HR, sales, etc.). If a firm would like to take advantage of cloud computing, it would most likely need to subscribe to all three of these categories from the service provider. For example, business applications depend on company data that is stored in the database, and data storage depends on the appropriate infrastructure...
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...Kudler Fine Foods Automation Process of Accounting Information System ACC/542 Accounting Information Systems March 27, 2012 Kudler Fine Foods Accounting Information Systems Kudler Fine Foods (Kudler) is an upscale specialty food store chain in the San Diego, CA area. It was established in 1998 by its current owner Kathy Kudler, and since has expanded to three locations, all focused on providing the best quality bakery products, fresh produce and meats, condiments, packaged foods, cheese, specialty dairy products and fine wine (Apollo Group, Inc., 2011). Kudler currently uses a retail management system that includes a point of sale (POS) module for cash sales, QuickBooks software for payroll functions, Microsoft Access as a customer database, an Excel spreadsheet as an inventory tracker, and several other specific-area modules required to operate the system. Although the current software addresses most of Kudler's accounting information system (ACI) needs, team A recommends installing a new system that would centralize major accounting functions and automate some processes the company currently performs manually (Apollo Group, Inc., 2011). When choosing new accounting software, most companies have several options. These include custom solutions, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software, and industry specific AIS. Team A recommends Kudler purchases an industry specific solution for several reasons. There are numerous businesses, for...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Accounting Information Systems is concerned with the way computerized information systems impact how accounting data is captured, processed, and communicated. This course book introduces you to the people, technology, procedures, and controls that are necessary to conduct internal and external e-business, with an emphasis on the internal controls over such systems. It also highlights the relationship between accounting and management information systems. Finally, accountants, information system professionals, lectures, students and the general public are recommended to get copies. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Accounting Information Systems (AISs) combine the study and practice of accounting with the design, implementation, and monitoring of information systems. Such systems use modern information technology resources together with traditional accounting controls and methods to provide users the financial information necessary to manage their organizations. AIS TECHNOLOGY Input The input devices commonly associated with AIS include: standard personal computers or workstations running applications; scanning devices for standardized data entry; electronic communication devices for electronic data interchange (EDI) and e-commerce. In addition, many financial systems come "Web-enabled" to allow devices to connect to the World Wide Web. Process Basic processing is achieved through computer systems ranging from individual personal computers...
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...Computer Information Systems Brief: Kudler Fine Foods Crystal Levine February 3, 2014 ACC/542 Facilitator Yasin Dadabhoy Introduction Kudler Fine Foods is an upscale specialty food store that provides the very best domestic and imported foods from all around the world. They have a wide variety of specialty baked goods, fresh produce, and fresh meat and seafood. Kudler Fine Foods currently has three locations in the San Diego metropolitan area, and prides themselves on pleasing their customers and providing them with a delightful shopping outing. Kudler’s Key Business and Accounting Needs Kudler Fine Foods has some important business and accounting needs in order to allow for their businesses to run smoothly. Their needs include things such as inventory control, accurate recording of accounting transactions, and efficient tracking of customer accounts. Currently Kudler Fine Foods uses a Retail Enterprise Management System (REMS) for their current accounting information system. This is currently being maintained by Smith Systems Consulting. Currently Kudler’s REMS provides them with many important financial modules. The general ledger module provides them with functions such as the ability to run financial reports, and transaction details and roll-ups. The accounts payable module allows them to do things such as print checks and also allows the purchase order module to post vendor orders directly to the AP module. What they do need in this module is the system’s ability...
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...on the EarthWear and Willis & Adams, CPAs websites, it contains specific content related to the 2014 audit. This information is applicable to all EarthWear Mini-cases. Background of EarthWear EarthWear Clothiers was founded in Boise, Idaho, by James Williams and Calvin Rogers in 1973 to make high-quality clothing for outdoor sports, such as hiking, skiing, fly-fishing, and whitewater kayaking. Over the years, the company's product lines have grown to include casual clothing, accessories, shoes, and soft luggage. EarthWear offers its products through three retailing options: catalogs, retail outlets, and its website. When EarthWear founders, Williams and Rogers, decided to incorporate their company in 1975, they searched for an accounting firm to conduct the company’s approaching year-end audit. They were referred to a bright, young auditor that had recently started his own CPA firm, Michael Willis. Williams and Rogers were immediately impressed with Mr. Willis, and agreed to have Willis and Company complete EarthWear’s upcoming audit. Ever since, EarthWear and Willis and Adams have had a strong relationship. EarthWear decided to go public in 1986. Although Willis and Adams audited very few other public companies at that time, EarthWear retained Willis and Adams as the company’s auditor. Outdoor Clothing Industry Over the past several years, the outdoor clothing industry has been growing at a steady, moderate pace. The industry consists of a wide variety of manufacturers...
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...BSA310 Week 3 Supporting Activity With the topic of accounting and finance it is important for business owners to know and understand the value of properly accounting for their cash flow, assets, and liability. This is especially true for new business owners who are just getting started. Accounting is one of the most important functions of a business because if done right the company will do fine and grow, but if done wrong or poorly, then the company will be in a virtual tailspin that will send the company out of business or even into bankruptcy. With accounting being such an important entity there are many options for an owner to choose from when it comes to accounting. Most options nowadays are accounting software applications of some kind, either web-based or stand-alone. However, some small businesses are still doing hard copy paper accounting, which is much more difficult in this day in age. Owner’s Equity One of the first concepts a new owner must understand is how he can determine his owner’s equity. This is a pretty simple business equation that can be best explained to be like the hands of justice, where they always need to be balanced. What happens on one end needs to happen on the other end to stay balanced. The equation is simply assets=liability+owners equity. This equation tells the owner where the company stands. The assets are what the company physically owns like work trucks and how much product. Where the liability is how much the company owes to place...
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...Accounting System Rosemarie Blakley BSA/310 April 28, 2013 Anastasia Jakubow Accounting System Although Kudler Fine Foods currently has an accounting system that they are using that seems to be adequate, the goal in the future is for the organization to continue to grow, and along with this growth is going to come the need for a more comprehensive system that can support their growing changes. We all know that proper accounting practices are one of the most important things in any business, and Kudler is no exception. After careful review of different accounting software that is out there on the market today, I personally think that QuickBooks by Intuit would be a logical solution to their growing needs. Key Features: The key features for this new accounting system should include all of the things that are necessary for the growth of a smaller enterprise. The software should be able to keep track of all of the company’s financial transactions. It should be a financial accounting and reporting system all in one. The software should also have the capability to record all of their transactions as well as report all of the operating data at the end of each quarter or month, whichever the organization prefers, and it also needs to help analyze all of their financial data. QuickBooks accounting software does well to allow for journal entries by debiting and crediting the financial accounts, such as liabilities, assets, revenues, and expenses. Kudler can even use this software...
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...Accounting Information System Requirements XACC/210 The requirements for developing an accounting information system are not unlike the design of an IT system. There are specific steps to adhere to in order to have a successful outcome. 1. Planning and investigation- It is important to determine what is required by each individual company in order to be successful. A company cannot skip this step and jump into a new system. The outcome would surely fail. 2. Analysis- It is important to take a broader view of current systems to determine what is working and what parts of the system need to change in order to be successful. 3. Design- After step one and two have been achieved, designing the new accounting system is the next logical step in order to realize the company vision. 4. Implementation, maintenance, and follow-up- Next, the company will try the new system out, make the necessary adjustments as time goes by, and ensure that things are working as they were designed to work. The accountant’s role in this process is to advise the company what elements are needed to have an accounting system that will allow them to effectively bring the needed information to the company that is needs in order to maintain a profitable business. They know what type of programs that are effective for general accounting purposes, spreadsheets etc. This knowledge and advice an accountant gives is a vital part of the planning and investigation an organization needs to...
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...Chapter 1: Introduction to Accounting Information Systems Business Processes and Accounting Information Systems • Business Process: sequence of activities performed by a business for acquiring, producing, and selling goods and services o Used by accountants and others • Transaction Cycles: group related events that typically occur in a particular sequence o Acquisition (purchasing) cycle = purchasing and paying for goods or services o Conversion cycle = transforming resources acquired into goods and services o Revenue cycle = providing goods or services to customers and collecting cash • Management Information System (MIS): system that captures data about an organization, stores and maintains the data, and provides meaningful info for management • Accounting Information System (AIS) is a subset of an MIS • Data captured by the MIS are aggregated, summarized, and organized to produce information that helps an organization monitor and control business processes Scope of an Accounting Information System • AIS provides accounting and financial information, and other information obtained in the routine processing of accounting transactions • It tracks info about sales order, sales in units and dollars, cash collections, etc. • Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERP): business management system that integrates all aspects of a firm’s business process Uses of AIS • Producing External Reports ...
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...INTERNSHIP REPORT ON ACCOUNTING INFORMATIONSYSTEM OF REAL ESTATE BUSINESS IN BANGLADESH”-AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF [pic] PREPARED FOR Farzana Afrin Internship Supervisor & Lecturer Dept. of Business Studies Stamford University Bangladesh. PREPARED BY Mahmood Hossain Id: 02707400 Section: 27(Q) Date: LATTER OF TRANSMITTAL April Ms Farzana Afrin Lecturer Stamford University Dhanmondi, Dhaka Dear Madam, I feel myself fortunate enough for having the scope to conclude the study on “The Accounting information System of Real Estate Business in Bangladesh”-An Empirical study of Building For Future Ltd, Which you assigned me to do as a part of the study. Obviously, this type of practical work made me acquainted with “Real Estate Finance” in real life situation. Here, I can’t deny the help that I got from the staff of Building For Future Ltd. who ensured me a full congenial atmosphere to access over a plenty of information with relevant papers and a practical survey. I am thankful to them for showing their highest degree of tolerance in answering my inexorable questions, sometimes repeated. I would enthusiastically provide you related information depending on your queries. The report was prepared under your able leadership and I do respectfully appreciate guidance to me to learn about...
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...Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession ACC/210 August 15, 2011 Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession Technology, information, software, and even the machines used to input, translate, and interpret the data we enter are ever evolving at shocking rates. We must constantly stay on top of our skills in order to be able to navigate through the vast screens, shortcuts, functions, and utilities stored in these small computers that have the capacity to do what would take a room full of human brains to do in a fraction of the time. In a time where nearly every occupation can be automated, accounting is nearly no exception, but notice I did say ‘nearly.’ With a vast array of software programs, data collection methods, and forms of technologies to keep accounting professionals up to the minute on their financials, there is little reason to justify the use of the antiquated legal sized general ledger books anymore. By integrating AIS effectively in the manufacturing industry, the accounting department where I work has been able to promptly and accurately produce cost analysis reports for the machines we produce, determine our SG&A at any given point, and determine whether a customer’s credit can be extended based on their average days of payment. AIS are invaluable tools that are overlooked for the value that they truly add to an accounting department. An accounting information system is a system that combines traditional accounting practices such as the Generally...
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...and simplify her business needs. It was noted that she is in need of a new accounting system to facilitate the expanding success of her company. This proposal will feature options that will efficiently accommodate these needs. New Accounting System There are six major components of an Accounting Information System (AIS). • Employees • Procedure and Instructions • Data • Software • Information Infrastructure • Internal Controls. Employees The new Accounting Information System will assist all departments to work in unison. Management can establish sales goals so staff will know how much inventory to order, inventory will notify accounting of the new payable and invoice customer, sales can enter the order, warehouse can package order and shipping department can ship it out. The customer service department can track shipping. The AIS is designed to be user friendly and meet all needs. Authorized personnel can access the same system and share the same information. Procedure and Instructions Processing data will be achieved by both manual input and automated in collecting, retrieving and storing data. Procedures and instructions must be followed consistently to be effective. Datastructured query language (SQL) is the choice of processing database. Data The new AIS solely depends on accurate and complete data. Having all this information in one place is important to the effectiveness of the system. Consist of the following: • Sales Orders and Reports • Billing and...
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