...The article titled Who Dies from Heart Disease? “New Research Defines Those at Highest Risk” 2011, is written by Meredith Melnick. She is a journalist for TIME Healthland online magazine. Her writings have appeared in the New York Daily News, The Record, House & Garden and on Newsweek.com, was a Digital Media Fellow at the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism. The author sets out to show that newly uncovered risk factors in heart disease may help doctors and patients to recognize those who might be at higher risk of dying from heart incidents, and encourage them to pay close attention to maintaining their hearts healthy. The author’s evidence was supported from a report in the British Medical Journal's Health. The research was conducted by a team of physicians from the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center One notable source from Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center is a physician named Dr. Elsayed Z. Soliman. The doctor’s input was instrumental in holding my attention and further solidified the article’s authentication. Dr. Elsayed Z. Soliman explained “Identifying specific predictors that separate the risk of sudden cardiac death from that of non-fatal or not immediately fatal heart attacks would be the first step to address this problem, which was the basis for our study” (Time Magazine healthland,2011) He included other useful information such as risk factors that include ethnicity, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI) and an ECG report. These risk factors could...
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...Disease The term heart disease is used to describe various types of heart conditions. Heart disease is the leading cause of deaths in the United States. It is also a leading cause in disability in the United States. More than 616,000 Americans die each year because of heart disease (National Center 2012). In 2010, all cardiovascular diseases together projected to cost $444.2 billion according to the American Heart Association (National Center 2012). In the United States, coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common heart disease. Coronary heart disease can cause heart attacks, angina, heart failure and arrhythmias (CDC 2009). The coronary arteries are the first blood vessels that branch off from the ascending aorta on the heart. They supply blood to the atria, ventricles and septum of the heart. These arteries supply oxygenated and nutrient filled blood to the heart muscle. They consist of a right and left artery that surround the heart anterior and posterior (Bailey 2012). Coronary artery disease occurs when there is a buildup of plaque in the arteries. The plaque that builds up is made up of cholesterol deposits (CDC 2009). With the buildup of the plaque, the lumen of the arteries narrows over time (CDC 2009). When this process happens, it is known as atherosclerosis (CDC 2009). Atherosclerosis is a serious condition because it can lead to angina or discomfort. The most common symptom a person can experience is chest pain or discomfort because the heart muscle is not...
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...embryonic stem cell research (Seki & Fekuda, 2015). One intriguing area in stem cell research is the potential applications for them in the treatment of cardiac diseases. Studies have explored the potential uses for stem cells for the treatment of heart disease (Yamakawa & Ieda, 2015). Additionally, stem cells have been explored for the treatment of heart failure and myocardial infarction (Rasmussen, et al., 2013). Stem cells and how they may be used for the treatment of various cardiac diseases is an exciting topic and has the potential to change future approaches to the treatment. This paper will examine the applications and significance of stem cells in relation to these common cardiac pathologies. Heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in developed countries and currently there are few effective treatment options available (Yamakawa & Ieda, 2015). This it is important to research and make state of the art treatments available to address this issue. The use of stem cells may become an option for treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD). One approach has involved the use of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). In one study, EPCs were introduced into areas affected by ischemia and have been able to generate proliferation of new...
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...Coronary Heart Disease Coronary heart disease is the most common of heart diseases. Nearly 500,000 Americans die each year from CHD. This type of heart disease is caused by narrowing or clogging of the coronary arteries. CHD is the number one killer in both men and women in the U.S. these deaths could be prevented because CHD is related to certain aspects of one’s life. The risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol, obesity, and no physical activities- all of which can be controlled. The heart needs a constant supple of nutrients and oxygen that is supplied by the blood that is carried to the coronary arteries. When the coronary arteries become clogged or narrow and cannot deliver enough blood to the heart, the result is CHD. When there is not enough blood reaching the heart, the heart will respond with pain call angina. This pain is usually felt sometimes in the left arm and shoulder or in the chest. However sometimes there are no symptoms, which is a condition called silent angina. Once the blood supply is cut off completely the results are a heart attack. CHD is the result of a process known as atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis occurs when a person has fat like substances in the blood. This process is caused by a thickening which narrows the arteries over time by deposits of plaque. Plaque is a buildup of materials such as: * Cholesterol * Fats * Platelets * Cell wastes * Calcium At a young age plaque can start to deposit in...
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...Memorandum TO: Professor Erika Oquinn FROM: Alla Hajeh DATE: 3/17/2013 SUBJECT: Heart Transplant After a very thorough and intensive process I have decided to give the heart to Lisa. This was a very tough decision to make and although every one of these people deserve this heart I have found it to be in the best interest of everyone that Lisa gets the heart. The utilitarianism theory and hedonistic utilitarianism have greatly affected my thinking and have helped me come to this conclusion. The utilitarianism theory is based upon that the greatest good for the greatest number should be the main consideration in making a choice. Also, the second theory goes hand in hand where there is more pleasure than pain when more people benefit from the greatest good for the greatest number (Weijers, 2011). So in that pleasure is more important and needs to be valued where pain shouldn’t. Below I will describe more thoroughly the process I went through and the factors I determined in concluding my decision. * Jerry: This candidate is 55 years old and although with this heart his chance of survival is another 10-15 years old there are many people his age that die of heart attacks, strokes, etc. The other candidates are younger and haven’t experienced the many wonders of life this man probably has like the simple things, falling in love, getting married, having children, etc. His children are at an older age where they understand life and death. His kids can soon all get...
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...cure Alzheimer’s. They also have the potential to help people that are paralyzed. Biomedical technology has already found ways to detect and cure many life threatening diseases. With mammograms and MRIs doctors can detect breast cancer along with other diseases much faster than they have been able to in the past. This could potentially help cure those who are diagnosed. My second reason is that biomedical technology can increase treatment options. Since mammograms and MRIs help detect diseases sooner there are many different ways to treat these diseases some of which may not be as severe. For example instead of doing radiation for cancer right away you could undergo surgery to try to remove the cancer first. My third reason is that new medical practices can be discovered by using biomedical technology. Stem cells, mammograms, MRIs, and genetic engineering are all biomedical technologies. The discovery of stem cells have made an advancement in the medical world because they can turn into muscle cells, skin cells, and many other cells. Mammograms have made it...
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...The difference between a stroke and a heart attack are striking and they deserve thorough investigation. Stroke and heart attack do have somethings in common. The things a stroke and a heart attack have in common are there risk factors and some of their risk factors are smoking, high blood pressure and cholesterol, it can be passed down from a family member or an abnormal heart rhythm. When a heart attack occurs is when blood tries to flow in the part of the heart that is blocked, usually caused by a blood clot. With no oxygenated blood flowing to the heart, the muscles in the heart starts to die. Heart attacks are the leading killer for both men and women. Some of the symptoms for a heart attack is chest pain or discomfort, upper body discomfort,...
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...Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the most common type of heart surgery. CABG improves blood flow to the heart. Surgeons use CABG to treat people who have severe coronary heart disease (CHD). CHD is a disease in which a waxy substance called plaque (plak) builds up inside the coronary arteries. These arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to your heart. Over time, plaque can harden or rupture (break open). Hardened plaque narrows the coronary arteries and reduces the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart. This can cause chest pain or discomfort called angina (an-JI-nuh or AN-juh-nuh). If the plaque ruptures, a blood clot can form on its surface. A large blood clot can mostly or completely block blood flow through a coronary artery. This is the most common cause of a heart attack. Over time, ruptured plaque also hardens and narrows the coronary arteries. During CABG, a healthy artery or vein from the body is connected, or grafted, to the blocked coronary artery. The grafted artery or vein bypasses (that is, goes around) the blocked portion of the coronary artery. This creates a new path for oxygen-rich blood to flow to the heart muscle. Surgeons can bypass multiple blocked coronary arteries during one surgery. Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting What To Expect Before Heart Surgery There are many types of heart surgery. One person's experience before surgery can be very different from another's. Some people carefully plan their surgeries with their doctors. They know exactly...
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...How Does Homeostasis Control Heart Rate? The heart rate is the rate at which the which the heart is working and is described as a number of beats per minute. An adults heart rate at rest will be 60-80 beats per minute and increases during any form of exercise as the body works harder and requires more energy to cope with demands being made on it. Overall fitness determines heart rate during exercise. An athlete's resting heart rate can be as low as 28 to 40 beats per minute because their heart is more conditioned and pumps blood more efficiently. People who are sedentary can have a higher resting pulse of 100 beats per minute, because inadequate exercise causes the heart to work less efficiently. The brain stem consists of five parts: the thalamus, hypothalamus, midbrain, pons and medulla. The medulla controls the heart rate. It sends and receives messages in the form of chemicals or hormones from the thousands of nerves running through the medulla, in an area called the medullary pyramids. The medulla constantly receives messages from the nerves, which are communication pathways from muscles, organs and other parts of the body. During exercise, your muscles send a message through the nervous system to the medulla, which in turn releases epinephrine and norepinephrine. Epinephrine is a hormone also known...
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..." (Attention-getting quotation) II. (Explanation) Many feel that with heart disease the number one killer in the country and with over one-fourth of the population significantly overweight, exercise is the only hope. (Reason for listening) III. (Testimony) The National Institute of Health says, "Walking is the ideal exercise (central idea) and the only one you can safely follow all the years of your life." IV. (Explanation) After many hours of research, I have found that anyone can walk, the young and old, sick and healthy, male and female. (Indicating qualifications) V. (Preview statement) Today I'm going to show you that walking is the ideal exercise because it strengthens the heart and conditions a person both mentally and physically. (Transition: The first, and perhaps most important thing, that walking does is to strengthen the heart.) Body I. Walking strengthens the heart. A. It improves collateral circulation. 1. (Explanation-visual aid) When some arteries become narrowed by fatty deposits, those nearby get wider and open up new branches to maintain an adequate blood supply. 2. (Testimony) Dr. Samuel Fox, president of the American College of Cardiology says walking increases the number and size of your blood vessels and the efficiency of the heart. 3. (Example) Steve Mackinac was told at the age of forty-six that his heart condition was incurable and there was no hope. He started...
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...Congestive Heart Failure Congestive heart failure, or CHF, is a condition that afflicts millions of Americans. Over five hundred thousand new diagnoses are made every year. CHF is a condition that is entirely caused by the body’s homeostatic compensatory mechanisms. CHF arises from the condition simply termed, heart failure. Heart failure is manifested by the heart’s inability to provide adequate perfusion to the body. This occurs due to other conditions or diseases such as chronic hypertension or a previous myocardial infarction. Clinical findings may include a decreased blood pressure, dizziness, or signs of hypoxia. The body senses this decrease in cardiac output and attempts to maintain homeostasis. Baroreceptors detect inadequate pressure and norepinephrine is released by the adrenal gland. This causes profound vasoconstricion, as well as an increase in inotropy, chronotropy, and dromotropy. This just means that the heart is beating faster and harder due to the catecholamine release. The kidneys also lend a hand by releasing Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, or ACE. ACE converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II, which is yet another vasoconstrictor. The body will also act to increase volume by inhibiting fluid release. The heart itself produces a peptide called Brain or B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP). All of these compensatory mechanisms acting together cause the cardiovascular system to go into overdrive. Too much vasoconstriction and cardiac force cause increased afterload...
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...The Rental Heart is a short story written by Kirsty Logan. In this science fiction story we follow the main characters use of rental hearts. You can rent hearts as many times as you want to, and you can put them in your chest, so whenever you get your heart broken, you can just go to the rental store and rent a new one, and that’s what this story is about. The Rental Heart isn’t written chronologic, so it leaps in time. In this story the narrator also uses flashbacks: “Jacob was as solid and golden as tilled field, and our love was going to last forever, which in our age meant six months. Every time Jacob touched me, I felt my heart thud wetly against my lungs”. In the beginning we hear about the main character telling us, that is was the day after he met Grace he went to the rental store, where he hasn’t been for over ten years. When we hear what he thinks of Grace and the rental hearts, we get a feeling of a problem. We don’t know how many years the story courses, but we’ll assume that it’s from the main character is a teenager, to he is an adult person, because he tells us that his first love was meant to last forever and at their age it meant six months. We can tell that the story takes place in future, because you can rent hearts. The main character can be both a man and a woman, because the person is attracted both sexes, and therefor is bisexual. The story is written in first person narrator, and we hear the story from the main characters point of...
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...I. INTRODUCTION A. Number of cases/Statistic data of the disease A.1 Statistics Accurate pre-eclampsia statistics are difficult to obtain because the condition ranges from extremely mild to severe. Mild cases are sometimes not included in official figures. Furthermore, mild cases may have no effect on pregnancy, which is why the figures for pre-eclampsia as a whole are higher than for those that actually complicate pregnancies. Around 10% of pregnant women develop pregnancy-induced hypertension (high blood pressure) or pre-eclampsia (high blood pressure with protein in the urine).Worldwide more than four million women per year will develop pre-eclampsia, and over 63,000 maternal deaths are due to pre-eclampsia. Action on Pre-Eclampsia estimates that every year in the UK pre-eclampsia is responsible for the deaths of six mothers and 500 to 600 babies. A 2005 to 2006 study showed a promising fall in the numbers of women developing eclampsia since 1992, from 4.9/10,000 to 2.7/10,000. This has arisen as a result of the introduction of management guidelines for eclampsia and pre-eclampsia. Pre-eclampsia is much more common in first pregnancies, and there is a reduced incidence of pre-eclampsia in the second pregnancy. The risk of women who have had pre-eclampsia developing it again in future pregnancies is 16 percent, and 25 percent if they suffered from severe pre-eclampsia, eclampsia or they delivered pre-term. This rises to 55 percent if their baby was delivered before...
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...Non Modifiable Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease By: Fawn R. Stephen-Odle June 2012 Cardiovascular disease is caused by disorders of the heart and blood vessels, and includes coronary heart disease (heart attacks), cerebrovascular disease (stroke), raised blood pressure (hypertension), peripheral artery disease, rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease, and heart failure. The major causes of cardiovascular disease are tobacco use, physical inactivity, an unhealthy diet and harmful use of alcohol. Unfortunately, there are four non-modifiable risk factors that contribute to CVD (cardiovascular disease). Race and Ethnicity: Race and ethnicity have quite a bit to do with risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Studies show that African Americans have a higher risk for Cardiovascular Disease because of higher blood pressure levels, overweight and obesity, compared to Caucasians. Higher blood pressure levels are among the highest in African Americans in the world. Mexican Americans and Native Americans are also at higher risk for heart disease because of higher rates of obesity, diabetes, and smoking. Studies also show that about 77% of African American women, 72% of Mexican American women, and 61% of Native American women are overweight or obese, compared to 57% of Caucasian women. Taking precautions such as eating a proper diet, exercise, lessen use of alcohol, and quitting smoking can reduce a person’s chances of contracting Cardiovascular Disease. All...
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...designed to save our lives. And he described it as “an emergency reaction that prepares an animal for running or fighting” (Tennant, 2005). Under stress circumstances your heart pounds faster, blood pressure rises, breath quickens ,your senses becomes sharper. These reactions increases your stamina, speeds your reaction, and enhance your focus preparing you to either fight or flee (Tennant, john hopkins university schools of education, 2005) .it is optimistic when a person feels stimulated and able to manage the situation, handle emergencies meet challenges and excel. (Tennant, 2005) But there is no doubt that the negative effects dominates over the positives. . Stress is often related to deleterious physiological complications, It corrupts almost every system in the human body (Melinda Smith, 2012).A recent study has shown that 80% of the most commonly prescripted medicines in the U.S. are those of relates to stress illnesses (institute, 2009) .Everyone experience stress, and stress in all of its kinds may affect people mainly by causing diseases in the cardiovascular system, increasing the probability of looking old in early age, and harming the reproductive system. Who said emotional sickness cannot be visual? When stress is threatening your life you begin to visualize its signs and tracks. That is when heart diseases start coming to light. All though the effect is...
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