...13 January 2014 Last updated at 15:16 ET Share this pageEmail Print Share this page ShareFacebookTwitter.Panama Canal expansion project: Have American fears come true? Comments (31) By Thomas Sparrow BBC Mundo, Washington The US has a lot riding on a successful expansion of the Panama canal Continue reading the main story Related Stories Row threatens Panama Canal expansion Nicaragua canal construction delayed Panama profile More than four years ago, when Panama awarded the lucrative contract to expand its inter-oceanic canal to a mostly European consortium, the United States was not pleased. An American company whose bid was unsuccessful, Bechtel, thought the winning tender would barely pay for pouring the concrete and that the consortium would probably try to renegotiate the price at some stage during the construction process. Some might argue that those American doubts have been justified, especially in view of the ongoing economic row between the European consortium and the Panamanian government agency that runs the waterway. The spat has threatened to bring work to a grinding halt, unless the two parties manage to resolve a $1.6bn (£1bn) dispute over cost overruns. A series of WikiLeaks cables from the US embassy in Panama that were revealed by the Spanish daily newspaper El Pais in 2010 provided an inside view of the frustration that was felt in the US at not having been able to get that contract. Bechtel had been strongly backed by the...
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...The Nicaraguan Canal: Globalism in (In)Action The proposed Nicaraguan Grand Interoceanic Canal is three times as long and twice as deep as the Panama Canal (Watts, 2015). The increased size would allow the Nicaraguan Grand Canal to accommodate shipping vessels significantly larger than what the Panama Canal can currently fit, and was a central theme of President Daniel Ortega’s victorious 2013 reelection campaign. The massive project is funded by Chinese billionaire Wang Jing, and controversy surrounding the proposal has prompted a number of stakeholders on either side to speak out. Proponents of the project view the canal as a mechanism to bolster the country’s economy through increased foreign investment, free-market trade, and the creation...
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...The Sandinista Revolution: A Nicaraguan History Nicaragua is a country within the Central American isthmus that is rich in resources, biodiversity, culture and history. But it is also rich in a history full of bloodshed and greed. From its inception, Nicaragua has been desired by the world’s superpowers. American possession and intervention of Nicaragua and the subsequent puppet government of the Somoza family forced Nicaraguans to adopt anti-capitalist and anti-American ideologies that would become personified in the Sandinista Revolution, and the violent struggle to free the exploited and the poor working class from the oppression of imperialist rule would permanently scar the identity of the Nicaraguan people. The seed of the Nicaraguan...
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...Manmade Wonder of the World. The building of the Panama Canal was one of the most grandiose and dramatic American ventures of all times. A shipping gateway between Central and South America had been a desire from the 1600’s, first attempted by the French in the 1880s and later completed by United States in 1914, under the direction of Theodore Roosevelt. U.S. intervention with the Panama Canal brought an end of a revolution and the birth of a new nation, the Republic of Panama, and creation of one of biggest strategic advantages that truly brought the U.S. Navy into the next century as a growing superpower. The canal was the largest and most expensive project ever attempted up to that date in U.S. history and easily changed the face of the western hemisphere, if not the world. A quick, easy and safe passage for merchant ships and navies to pass between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans had been a desire of many since early 17th century. Study after study was conducted and focused on Panama, which was a part of Colombia; Nicaragua and the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in Mexico. Regardless of the desire or need, early plans were often abandoned because the undertaking was near impossible and government politics often made negotiations more difficult. The French were the first nation to attempt the project and were confident of success after building the Suez Canal in Egypt. In 1876, the Interoceanic Canal Commission was created to head up the project and placed in the...
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...of the US was to protect US lives and property, keep the canal open, conduct non-combatant evacuation operations in peaceful or hostile environments, and to develop and assist any government that would take over the current dictatorship that is in place. The operations were strategically formed to minimize casualties and damage to the local infrastructure by considering the operational environment. The accomplishment of the mission required US forces to contemplate on different tactics we were not accustomed to fighting. “Operation Just Cause represented a bold new era in American military force projection for speed, mass, and precision coupled...
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...CHAPTER 5: THE COMING OF SOUND * Films were produced with sound by 1930; to get movies across to non-english audiences subtitling and dubbing was used * Jazz singer- premiered October 6th 1927. Released by Warner Brothers- First sound film * THE IMPACT OF SOUND * Increasing costs: the synchronization of the production of the movie with the production of its sound was very costly. Needed to go to Wall Street to raise funds * More Concentrated ownership in the Industry * The language barrier ( Temporary decline in foreign film rentals) the advantage of films being silent made it universally acceptable, but with sound, Hollywood lost that advantage temporarily till they tried multi-language productions. By 1933- dubbing was used to get to their non-English audience. This was expensive * Development of new genres (music and film): new genres emerged with sophisticated comedies replaced silent comedies of Charlie Chaplin; Hollywood musical period emerged; existing genres transformed. There were also new kinds of genres in music. (Hollywood music popular in late 1920’s to early 1950’s) * Transformation of employment structure (musicians vs. script writers): musicians weren’t needed as much, which was a blow (Depression time). Screenwriters were more in demand, so writers moved towards California. They needed better writers; movies could have...
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...Contents Preface to the First Edition Introduction Part 1. Thought Control: The Case of the Middle East Part 2. Middle East Terrorism and the American Ideological System Part 3. Libya in U.S. Demonology Part 4. The U.S. Role in the Middle East Part 5. International Terrorism: Image and Reality Part 6. The World after September 11 Part 7. U.S./Israel-Palestine Notes Preface to the First Edition (1986) St. Augustine tells the story of a pirate captured by Alexander the Great, who asked him "how he dares molest the sea." "How dare you molest the whole world?" the pirate replied: "Because I do it with a little ship only, I am called a thief; you, doing it with a great navy, are called an Emperor." The pirate's answer was "elegant and excellent," St. Augustine relates. It captures with some accuracy the current relations between the United States and various minor actors on the stage of international terrorism: Libya, factions of the PLO, and others. More generally, St. Augustine's tale illuminates the meaning of the concept of international terrorism in contemporary Western usage, and reaches to the heart of the frenzy over selected incidents of terrorism currently being orchestrated, with supreme cynicism, as a cover for Western violence. The term "terrorism" came into use at the end of the eighteenth century, primarily to refer to violent acts of governments designed to ensure popular submission. That concept plainly is of little benefit to the practitioners of state terrorism...
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...LES ENJEUX OLYMPIQUES [pic] sommaire : Introduction I - Le fonctionnement et l’évolution des Jeux II - Des enjeux économiques III - Des enjeux politiques IV – La dérive de l’olympisme Conclusion [pic] Introduction [pic] Les Jeux Olympiques sont devenus le plus grand événement sportif de notre époque. Des athlètes du monde entier y participent. Leurs exploits sont suivis, de près ou de loin, par des centaines de millions de spectateurs. Les cinq anneaux représentés sur le drapeau olympique symbolisent cette rencontre des cinq continents. Les jeux Olympiques regroupent les Jeux de l’Olympiade (Jeux d’été) et les Jeux d’hiver. Le mot Olympiade désigne la période de quatre ans qui sépare chaque édition des Jeux d’été. Si au début les Jeux d’été et d’hiver avaient lieu la même année, depuis 1992 un intervalle de deux ans les sépare. Mais ils continuent d’être organisés respectivement tous les quatre ans. Aux Jeux d’été, les athlètes pratiquent une grande variété de compétition sur piste, sur route, sur gazon, dans l’eau, sur l’eau, … Aux Jeux d’hiver, les épreuves se font sur la neige et sur la glace. Originellement tenus en Grèce antique, ils ont été mis au goût de l’époque et réintroduits par le baron Pierre de Coubertin à la fin du XIXème siècle. Dans ce but il fonde à Paris en 1894 le Comité International Olympique (CIO), comité qui en 1896 organise à Athènes les premiers JO de l’ère moderne. Pierre...
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...Barbados Barbados is a North American sovereign island country located in the Caribbean. The capital of this state is Bridgetown. This state raised its head as an independent state in 1966 after being a Colony of the British Empire for almost 350 years. Category | Fact | Category | Fact | 1.Size | 439 Square km | 4.Religion | Christianity | 2.Population | 277,821 | 5.Currency | Barbadian Dollar | 3.Language | Barbadian | 6.GDP Rate | $16,653 | The main resources of Barbados are Petroleum, Fish, Natural gas, Sugarcane etc. The national symbols of Barbados are Neptune's trident, pelican, and Red Bird of Paradise flower (also known as Pride of Barbados). In Barbados Queen Elizabeth II is the Head of the State and represented locally by Governor General which is at present Elliott Belgrave. These two heads are advised by the Prime Minister of Barbados who is also the Head of the Government on matters of Barbadian state. The current Prime Minister of Barbados is Freundel Stuart. ...
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...GLOBALIZATION BACKLASH AND THE RISE OF ANTI-HEGEMONIC PARTY STATES Diego Olstein Hebrew University of Jerusalem Contents Introduction: Globalization and Anti-Hegemonic Party State………………………………..5 Part I: Principle Chapter 1: Defining Anti-Hegemonic Party State………………………………………………….18 Chapter 2: Anti-Hegemonic Party State and Domestic Features of Political Regimes…………………………………………………………………………………………… 44 Chapter 3: Anti-Hegemonic Party State and Exogenous Perspective on Political Regimes……………………………………………………………………………………………75 Part II: History Chapter 4: The Global Rise of Anti-Hegemonic Party States and Globalization Backlash 1917-1945...…………………………………………………………….91 Chapter 5: The Big Leap of Anti-Hegemonic Party States: The Second Wave 1946-1975…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………111 Chapter 6: Globalization Anew and the Marginalization of Anti-Hegemonic Party States 1976-2010………………………………………………………142 Conclusions Introduction: Globalization and Anti-Hegemonic Party State In 1997 the European Commission defined Globalization “as the process by which markets and production in different countries are becoming increasingly interdependent due to the dynamics of trade in goods and services and flows of capital and technology. It is not a new phenomenon but the continuation...
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...UNCTAD Review of MaRitiMe tRanspoRt 2014 For further information on UNCTAD’s work on trade logistics, please visit: http://unctad.org/ttl and for the Review of Maritime Transport 2014: http://unctad.org/rmt E-mail: rmt@unctad.org Layout and printed at United Nations, Geneva 1418912 (E)–November 2014–2,062 UNCTADRMT2014 United Nations publication Sales No. E.14.II.D.5 UNITED NATIONS ISBN 978-92-1-112878-9 Photo credit : © Jan Hoffmann To read more and to subscribe to the UNCTAD Transport Newsletter, please visit: http://unctad.org/transportnews U n i t e d n at i o n s C o n f e r e n C e o n t r a d e a n d d e v e l o p m e n t Review of MaRitiMe tRanspoRt 2014 U n i t e d n at i o n s C o n f e r e n C e o n t r a d e a n d d e v e l o p m e n t Review of MaRitiMe tRanspoRt 2014 New York and Geneva, 2014 REVIEW OF MARITIME TRANSPORT 2014 ii NOTE The Review of Maritime Transport is a recurrent publication prepared by the UNCTAD secretariat since 1968 with the aim of fostering the transparency of maritime markets and analysing relevant developments. Any factual or editorial corrections that may prove necessary, based on comments made by Governments, will be reflected in a corrigendum to be issued subsequently. * ** Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Use of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. * ** The designations...
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...500 extraordinary islands G R E E N L A N D Beaufort Sea Baffin Bay vi Da i tra sS t a nm De it Stra rk Hudson Bay Gulf of Alaska Vancouver Portland C A N A D A Calgary Winnipeg Newfoundland Quebec Minneapolis UNITED STATES San Francisco Los Angeles San Diego Phoenix Dallas Ottawa Montreal ChicagoDetroitToronto Boston New York OF AMERICA Philadelphia Washington DC St. Louis Atlanta New Orleans Houston Monterrey NORTH AT L A N T I C OCEAN MEXICO Guadalajara Mexico City Gulf of Mexico Miami Havana CUBA GUATEMALA HONDURAS b e a n Sea EL SALVADOR NICARAGUA Managua BAHAMAS DOMINICAN REPUBLIC JAMAICA San Juan HAITI BELIZE C a r PUERTO RICO ib TRINIDAD & Caracas N TOBAGO A COSTA RICA IA M PANAMA VENEZUELA UYANRINA H GU C U G Medellín A PAC I F I C OCEAN Galapagos Islands COLOMBIA ECUADOR Bogotá Cali S FR EN Belém Recife Lima BR A Z I L PERU La Paz Brasélia Salvador Belo Horizonte Rio de Janeiro ~ Sao Paulo BOLIVIA PARAGUAY CHILE Cordoba Santiago Pôrto Alegre URUGUAY Montevideo Buenos Aires ARGENTINA FALKLAND/MALVINAS ISLANDS South Georgia extraordinary islands 1st Edition 500 By Julie Duchaine, Holly Hughes, Alexis Lipsitz Flippin, and Sylvie Murphy Contents Chapter 1 Beachcomber Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Aquatic Playgrounds 2 Island Hopping the Turks & Caicos: Barefoot Luxury 12 Life’s a Beach 14 Unvarnished & Unspoiled 21 Sailing...
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...TB0245 Andreas Schotter Mary Teagarden Blood Bananas: Chiquita in Colombia No one laughs at the banana in its areas of origin. It is too serious a business, on which jobs and lives depend. Peter Chapman, Author of Jungle Capitalists. For Chiquita Brands International, a pioneer in the globalization of the banana industry, bananas are not only serious business, they represent an array of economic, social, environmental, political, and legal hassles. Since its founding more than a hundred years ago as United Fruit Company, Chiquita has been involved in paying bribes to Latin American government officials in exchange for preferential treatment, encouraging or supporting U.S. coups against smaller nations, putting in place dictatorships in Central America’s “banana republics,” exploiting local workers, creating an abusive monopoly, and now doing business with terrorists.1 For American multinationals, the rewards of doing business abroad are enormous, but so are the risks. Over the past decades, no place has been more hazardous than Colombia, a country that is just emerging from a deadly civil war and the effects of wide-ranging narco-terrorism. Chiquita found out the hard way. It made tens of millions in profit growing bananas in Colombia, only to emerge with its reputation splattered in blood.2 In 2004, Chiquita voluntarily admitted criminal responsibility to the U.S. Justice Department that one of its Colombian banana subsidiaries had made protection payments from 1997...
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...Jean-Paul Roig Citations historiques expliquées Des origines à nos jours E YROLLES PRATIQUE Citations historiques expliquées Des origines à nos jours Dans la même collection : π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π π Petite histoire de l’Inde, Alexandre Astier Comprendre l’hindouisme, Alexandre Astier Communiquer en arabe maghrébin, Yasmina Bassaïne et Dimitri Kijek QCM de culture générale, Pierre Biélande Le christianisme, Claude-Henry du Bord La philosophie tout simplement, Claude-Henry du Bord Comprendre la physique, Frédéric Borel Marx et le marxisme, Jean-Yves Calvez L’histoire de France tout simplement, Michelle Fayet QCM Histoire de France, Nathan Grigorieff Citations latines expliquées, Nathan Grigorieff Philo de base, Vladimir Grigorieff Religions du monde entier, Vladimir Grigorieff Les philosophies orientales, Vladimir Grigorieff Les mythologies tout simplement, Sabine Jourdain Découvrir la psychanalyse, Edith Lecourt Comprendre l’islam, Quentin Ludwig Comprendre le judaïsme, Quentin Ludwig Comprendre la kabbale, Quentin Ludwig Le bouddhisme, Quentin Ludwig Les religions, Quentin Ludwig La littérature française tout simplement, Nicole Masson Dictionnaire des symboles, Miguel Mennig Les mots-clés de la géographie, Madeleine Michaux Histoire du Moyen Âge, Madeleine Michaux Histoire de la Renaissance, Marie-Anne Michaux Citations philosophiques expliquées, Florence...
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...BONPLANDIA Arachis (Leguminosae) A. Krapovickas and W.C. Gregory, 16 (Supl.): 1-205. 2007 BONPLANDIA 16 (SUPL.): 1-205. 2007 TAXONOMY OF THE GENUS ARACHIS (LEGUMINOSAE) by Antonio Krapovickas1 and Walton C. Gregory2 Translated by David E. Williams3 and Charles E. Simpson4 1 2 Director, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, Casilla de Correo 209, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina. Deceased. Formerly WNR Professor of Crop Science, Emeritus, North Carolina State University, USA. 3 International Affairs Specialist, USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, Washington, DC 20250, USA. 4 Professor Emeritus, Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Texas A&M Univ., Stephenville, TX 76401, USA. 7 BONPLANDIA 16 (Supl.), 2007 Table of Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................... Resumen ........................................................................................................................ Introduction .................................................................................................................... History of the Collections ................................................................................................. Summary of Germplasm Explorations ................................................................................ The Fruit of Arachis and its Capabilities ............................................................................ “Socias” or...
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