...Vincent Godwin Amy Baus WVSII 5/2/16 Worldview II Capstone Essay Does it really matter? That’s the question asked to be decoded in this essay. The simple answer would be yes. All things matter in this world. The sad truth is that some people believe however that not everything matters. That is the reason the world is not nor will not be perfect now or in the near future. In Worldview class, valuable things were learned in an effort to show us how such important issues are being overlooked and almost under exaggerated. One of the early things from the semester we talked about was social entrepreneurs which continued throughout most of the semester. It all started with a man named Daniel Bornstein who wrote one of our required textbooks for this semester. The book was called “How to Change the World: Social Entrepreneurs and the Power of New Ideas”. One of the first things we studied in this book were Bill Drayton and his organization he started Ashoka. Ashoka is an organization started by Bill Drayton to invest in Social Entrepreneurs and help them with their projects they do. A social entrepreneur as described on Ashoka’s website are “Individuals with innovative solutions to society’s most pressing social problems”. In laymen’s terms, they are people who go to places all around the world where a problem is occurring in how people do things. When there they use all the resources they have to find creative easy solutions to the problems and spread that all over. It takes...
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...Dark Matter? The Oxford dictionary defines dark matter as a non-luminous material which assumed to exist in space. But what does this mean? If dark matter is non luminous how do we know it’s there? How can we detect it? These are the kind of questions I will try to answer in this short article. Discovery: In the mid to late 19th century scientists observed that stars orbiting nearby galaxies were rotating faster than expected. The speed calculated indicated that the gravity created by them could not contain the matter within the stars. Therefore meaning that the stars should have been ripped apart from their own gravity. This indicated that there could be some other form of matter that is acting within the galaxy; which could have certain properties that explain the larger amount of gravity e.g. more massive matter. Properties of Dark Matter: Figure 1 Figure 1 Dark matter is hard to “get your head” around as scientists say that you can’t see it; then how can it exist? Dark matter is said to be “non-luminous”, therefore it does not absorb, give off or reflect light, which means we cannot observe the existence of Dark Matter (But we could detect it: See section on “Detection”). Detection: Although we cannot see Dark Matter it supposedly makes up 22% of the universe, compared to 4% of normal matter (See Figure 1). The evidence of how dark matter could exist is from experiments held in particle accelerators, such as the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. As Dark Matter does...
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...Assignment- 6 6.a State of matter Student Name: Urbashi Dewan Student ID: UKDLP 7712 Course Title: IGCSE Combined Science We are all surrounding by a lots of matter. Everywhere we look we can found matter. In science, matter is such a thing that has mass and can takes up space. Generally, matter is not transparent like water. We can also observe matter. From this definition, we can say that matter has some criteria so that we can identify matter as a matter. Matter has four to five states according to scientists. In general they are formed in four categories. These states are as following: 1. Be Condensates 2.Solids 3.Liquids 4.Gases 5.Plasmas These states change one to another by changing their situation. This called physical change and it occurs usually when heat(energy) is either added or taken away. Each of these states also known as a phase. For example; when an ice cube melt by heating it turns in to liquid. Then if we still give heat on melted water it turn in to gases and start to disappeared in the air. By this way, energy transformed the matter in several states. Now, we are going to write down about the main forms of these states in details as below: Solid is one of the state of matter. The properties of solid is depending, how the particle are packed. Solid could be soft or hard. In solids, the particle are closely packed in...
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...Dark matter guides growth of supermassive black holes Summary This article is about a new study between elliptical galaxies dark matter and their black holes. Previous studies revealed a relationship between a black hole’s mass and the mass of all the stars in an elliptical galaxy. We know of dark matter because of its gravitational attraction by holding galaxies and galaxy clusters. The dark matter halo is in every galaxy and is as dense as a trillion suns. There was a study of over 3,000 elliptical galaxies where researchers used star movement to track and weigh the galaxies’ black hole. To weigh the dark matter, they took x-ray measurements of the hot gas surrounding the galaxies. Due to the dark matter weighing so much it molds new elliptical galaxies and the growth of its central black hole. Relevance This article is relevant to topics covered this week in the lecture and text book. It relates specifically to chapters 14 and 15 of the text book regarding black holes, elliptical galaxies, and dark matter. Black holes are very dense objects that nothing, not even light, can escape from its surface. Elliptical galaxies tend to have brighter stars than spiral galaxies. The Milky Way galaxy is a spiral galaxy with a bright core and spiral arms. Dark matter doesn’t react with electromagnetic radiation and makes its presence known only through its exertion of gravitational force. The text book states, “We now estimate that 90% of the mass of galaxies is composed...
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...astro-ph/0301505 UMN–TH–2127/03 TPI–MINN–03/02 January 2003 arXiv:astro-ph/0301505v2 25 Jan 2003 TASI LECTURES ON DARK MATTER∗ KEITH A. OLIVE† William I. Fine Theoretical Physics Institute, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA E-mail: olive@umn.edu Observational evidence and theoretical motivation for dark matter are presented and connections to the CMB and BBN are made. Problems for baryonic and neutrino dark matter are summarized. Emphasis is placed on the prospects for supersymmetric dark matter. 1. Lecture 1 The nature and identity of the dark matter of the Universe is one of the most challenging problems facing modern cosmology. The problem is a long-standing one, going back to early observations of mass-to-light ratios by Zwicky1 . Given the distribution (by number) of galaxies with total luminosity L, φ(L), one can compute the mean luminosity density of galaxies L= which is determined to be2 L ≃ 2 ± 0.2 × 108 ho L⊙ M pc−3 (2) Lφ(L)dL (1) where L⊙ = 3.8 × 1033 erg s−1 is the solar luminosity. In the absence of a cosmological constant, one can define a critical energy density, ρc = 3H 2 /8πGN = 1.88 × 10−29 ho 2 g cm−3 , such that ρ = ρc for three-space curvature k = 0, where the present value of the Hubble parameter has been defined by Ho = 100ho km Mpc−1 s−1 . We can now define a critical mass-to-light ratio is given by (M/L)c = ρc /L ≃ 1390ho(M⊙ /L⊙ ) (3) ∗ Summary of lectures given at the Theoretical Advanced...
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...Most are unaware of the kinds of family matters they can have at home. This is thoroughly brought to light in the case of the Winslow family, The family consists of a group involved in incredibly questionable home behavior. The demise of several family members occurred on the fateful day on May 5, 2005. The Winslow children's distant cousin, Steve Urkel, walked into the Winslow's house unannounced as usual. In the foyer, he bent backwards with his stomach facing upwards and his hands and feet touching the ground, and crawled like a spider upstairs to Laura's room. He knocked on the door with his head and Laura Winslow came out naked expecting Richie (her direct cousin) to be there. She screamed when she saw Steve poised like a spider. Steve responded by quickly standing upright like a toothpick, unzipped, and pulled out his fun sized Almond Joy candy bar. Immediately, he tried to feed it to one of Laura's mouths. To Steve's displeasure, Richie came around the hallway corner driving by in his tricycle and took a bite out of Steve's candy bar before Laura even had a chance to. Out of embarrassment and sheer desperation, Steve tried to gain a bloody entrance to Richie's back door. Moments later, a jealous Waldo (a friend of Laura's brother, who had been spying on her long before Steve arrived) jumped out of the wall, palmed Steve's head, and smashed it into the wall. After that, he grabbed Richie by the legs and used him like a bat to severely beat Steve to death with. It did not...
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...neutrinos, and the mysterious dark matter. In the present, scientists are still bombard about dark matter and what it really is. Although, scientists do not know what dark matter is, they are certain of what it is not. Dark matter is not in the form of stars and planets that we see and it is known to make up about 25% of the entire Universe. By using the effect of gravitational lensing, astronomers are able to determine that dark matter is not affected by most of the other baryonic matters. They also found that dark matter is the responsible substance that makes up most of the masses in the universe (found in galaxies, dwarf galaxies, and cluster galaxies). Dark matter is also the primary influence of gravitational pulls. The mysterious and magnificent space that seems almost empty to the naked eye has fascinated mankind for as long as history can remember. The universe seems empty because it is made up of gas which is primarily composed of particles such as protons, electrons, photons, neutrinos, and dark matter. Dark matter is known to make up about 25% of the entire Universe but scientists have yet to understand completely about this mysterious subatomic particle. What is dark matter and where did it come from? What is really the natural function of dark matter? Where and how can dark matter be found? These questions have been the ultimate challenge for astronomers for the past decades. Scientists and Astronomers have always known that dark matter influenced the cosmos in many...
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...Instructor English 101 10 December 2014 Essay 2 Tragic In the “Fourth State of Matter” by Joann Beard, Beard expresses the horrific event that she encountered at the University of Iowa, by using the symbols of her dog, the squirrels, and the plasma to help the readers interpret and understand the shooting and how it influences her life today. The symbols play a key role in Beard’s writing and the struggles she deals with every day of her life, but also helps her get her point across, as well as keep her audience engaged to connect the symbols in the shooting. We, as an audience, are first introduced to her dog. The dog is the one symbol that is continuous throughout the essay and symbolizes the shooting, and death of her friend Chris. As Beard states “The collie fell down the basement stairs. I don’t know if she was disoriented and was looking for me, or what. But when I was at work she used her long nose like a lever and got the door opened and tried to go down there, except her legs wouldn’t do it and she fell.” (Beard 23) This shows that the dog had no control over his body, just like there was absolutely no control in what Gang Lu was thinking during the shooting and there was not anyone or anything that could stop him. She explains, “Gang Lu stands up and leaves the room abruptly, goes down one floor to see if the department chairman Dwight is sitting in his office. He is.” (Beard 25) This shows that anger Gang Lu has and it leads up to what is about to happen....
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...universe is made up of Dark Matter. What is Dark Matter? Why does it take up so much space? How can we use it for the betterment of our universe? There are so many questions that arise when something we know little about makes up so much of where we live. What I Already Know About My Topic: I chose to write about Dark Matter in the universe because it is a very rarely known thing in human understanding. When someone thinks space, they think planets, galaxies, and “Star Wars.” When I took my first high school science class, the very last section we had was about Dark Matter, and I had visibly freaked out to the point that my teacher asked me if I was okay. When it comes to “galactic” science, I tend to know quite a bit more about the subject than those that taught it to me because I was always a “Discovery Channel” child. Dark Matter is an interesting thing that you seldom hear or see anything pertaining to. This is why I have chosen to “teach” you about this potentially catastrophic element. Have you ever just taken a moment to look up at the stars and thought, “Wow, there’s quite a lot of black up there! I wonder what it is?” Well, ladies and gentlemen, that “space” that surrounds us is actually not space at all! It is filled with boundless amounts of an element that doesn’t exist within the Earth’s atmosphere! Surprisingly enough it is filled with a substance called Dark Matter, otherwise known as ‘Anti-matter.” Now you may be filling up...
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...Dark matter is everywhere, shooting through you every second of your day. You must ask yourself the question of how a particle so heavy in mass, a particle that can influence whole galaxies in the way they spin and their positioning in the universe, is still yet to be detected? This is down to the fact it doesn’t interact with light at all, it is literally ‘invisible’. Dark matter is the building blocks of the universe, without it, star systems like the Milky Way would cease to exist. Dark matter is an invisible mass that has such a large gravitational pull it can affect the speeds of entire galaxies in a cluster. The majority of the mass from a galaxy is actually considered to be dark matter. For example, “The Coma Cluster of Galaxies” is always moving at extreme rotational speeds. However, we can measure the mass of these galaxies by measuring the speed at which they travel and after the measurement it is obvious there is far too much mass to account for the amount of gas and planets in that cluster therefore, you must conclude that there is something else there making it so heavy. It appears there is actually about ten times as much dark matter in this cluster than there is...
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...Outline - Phase 2 Individual Project Computer Revolution ●~● The atom is the basic building block of all matter. ▪ What are 3 essential elements of any material? 1) Volume 2) Mass 3) Density (OR) There are four elements are present to some degree in every unit of matter. 1) "Earth Element - This is the property by which a material body has some degree of hardness or softness, roughness or smoothness. 2) Water Element - This represents the property of cohesion. Because of the water element, material particles bind together and adhere to one another. 3) Heat Element - This is the principle of heat by which all material phenomena possess some degree of heat. Even when a particular substance feels cold to us, that is only becasue it contains less heat than our body. But every material body possesses some degree of heat. 4) Air Element - This is the principle of distention, by reason of which all material particles are in a state of vibration. By reason of the air element, material bodies exhibit a motion". (D. Hamma, 2014). ▪ New materials often lead to new technologies that change society. Describe how silicon-based semiconductors revolutionized computing. • What are microchips? • How are they related to integrated circuits? • One of the pressing questions about the increasing ability of computers to quickly process large amounts of information is whether a computer can be built that is considered "alive" or...
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...Matter is generally considered to be anything that has mass and volume. The volume is determined by the space in three dimensions that it occupies. The mass is determined by its rest mass (or invariant mass), which is measured by the acceleration a body has when a force is applied. The greater the mass, the slower the acceleration for the same force. Matter is thus a general term for the substance of which all observable physical objects consist. Typically, matter includes atoms and other particles that have mass, but this definition confuses mass and matter, which are not the same. Different fields use the term in different and sometimes incompatible ways; there is no single agreed scientific meaning of the word "matter," even though the term "mass" is better-defined. Common definition The common definition of matter is anything that has both mass and volume (occupies space). For example, a car would be said to be made of matter, as it occupies space, and has mass. The observation that matter occupies space goes back to antiquity. However, an explanation for why matter occupies space is recent, and is argued to be a result of the Pauli exclusion principle. Two particular examples where the exclusion principle clearly relates matter to the occupation of space are white dwarf stars and neutron stars, discussed further below. Atoms and molecules definition A definition of "matter" that is based upon its physical and chemical structure is: matter is made up of atoms and molecules...
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...100 LECTURE UNIT 1. FOUNDATIONS OF CHEMSITRY Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. Applications of Chemistry • Energy and the Environment • Fossil fuels • Solar energy • Nuclear energy Health and Medicine • Sanitation systems • Surgery with anesthesia • Vaccines and antibiotics Materials and Technology • Polymers, ceramics, liquid crystals • Room-temperature superconductors? • Molecular computing? Food and Agriculture • Genetically modified crops • “Natural” pesticides • Specialized fertilizers • • • Classification of Matter A substance is a form of matter that has a definite composition and distinct properties. An element is a substance that is composed of tiny particles called atoms. A compound is a substance composed of atoms of two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions. Compounds can only be separated into their pure components (elements) by chemical means. A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which the substances retain their distinct identities. Physical means can be used to separate a mixture into its pure components. Homogenous mixture – composition of the mixture is the same throughout. Heterogeneous mixture – composition is not uniform throughout. 1 |P a g e _____________________________________________________________________CHEM 100 LECTURE PROPERTIES OF MATTER Physical properties: readily observable/measurable without altering the...
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...Actual Value is a MATTER THAT MATTERS this week. Unlike Perceived Value, Actual Value is not measured by your valuables, and it needs more than prayers because it is not a gift bestowed by providence on only a few rarely endowed individuals. Statistically, actual value determines perceived value, Jesus Christ said ‘for every tree is known by its own fruit. For men do not gather figs from thorns, nor do they gather grapes from a bramble bush.’ There will be problem if people get different value (perceived value) from the value they thought they would get (actual value), so, building a healthy Actual Value needs; 1. Strong Determination: When we make the determined effort to implement healthy values, good fortune is sure to follow. Everyone can develop his own actual value if he has sufficient desire to do so. Healthy actual value is good and all good things are difficult to achieve; and bad things are very easy to get, it takes strong determination to possess a healthy actual value. To be nice, diligent, excellent, godly, hardworking, accountability, competence, openness et al are healthy value one must possess. 2. Being a Student of Life: Society acquires values through a long process of trial and error experimentation with various approaches to life. Let all you meet in the journey of life serves as teacher. Pick out the good points of the one that express healthy value and utilize their values and to those with that are bad, not their bad values and correct them in you...
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...Empedocles of Acragas developed radical new ideas about the nature of the universe. His philosophy of the four elements in the universe and the definition of matter as the various ratios of these elements foreshadowed later developments in atomic theory by philosophers such as Democritus of Abdera (c. 460–c. 370 B.C.). Empedocles was born in Acragas, Sicily. His father, Meto, was wealthy, and his grandfather, also named Empedocles, was renowned for winning a horse race in the Olympia. Empedocles is believed to have travelled to Thourioi shortly after it was established approximately 444 B.C. Empedocles's keen intellect enabled him to combine talents in philosophy, natural history, poetry, and politics, and to achieve superstar status in his day. According to the Greek philosopher Aristotle (384–322 B.C.), Empedocles was the inventor of rhetoric, a talent Empedocles often utilized as a statesman. He became popular among his fellow citizens through his support of democracy. Empedocles's scientific inquiries usually included mysticism. However, his philosophies contained early insight into basic laws of physics, including atomic theory. Although sometimes labeled a Pythagorean, Empedocles followed the Greek philosopher Parmenides (c. 515–c. 445 B.C.) in the belief that matter (or, "what is") is indestructible. Empedocles claimed that matter was the only principle of all things and that four elements in the universe—air, fire, earth, and water—made up all things according to various ratios...
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